Guías de laboratorio de microbiología y conservación de alimentos

1 documento en PDF de 18 páginasCon el objetivo de fomentar un aprendizaje significativo por competencias en los estudiantes del programa de Gastronomía de la Universidad de La Sabana, se han desarrollado las Guías de laboratorio de microbiología y conservación de alimentos, con el propósito de orientarlos y ayudarlos a adquirir una visión sistémica de los conceptos básicos de la microbiología de los alimentos para su aplicabilidad en el campo profesional. Estas guías le permitirán al estudiante conocer de una manera práctica la relación entre los microorganismos, el ambiente en las cocinas y las técnicas de conservación de los alimentos

Small cell lung cancer associated with solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura: A case study and literature review

AbstractIntroductionSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive type of lung cancer. The surgical treatment is possible only in a few and defined occasions. The association between SCLC and a solitary fibrous tumor of pleura (SFTP) is extremely rare.Case presentationA 56 year-old man had a lung lesion (size 16 mm) FDG-avid (SUV 7.9) within upper lobe of right lung. No lymph adenopathy or other distant lesion were found. The pathological results of FNAB showed the presence of malignant cells inconclusive for a definitive diagnosis. Following thoracotomy, the exploration of pleural cavity showed an unexpected lesion (size. 3 cm) originating from parietal pleura and not radiologically seen. The intraoperative diagnosis was solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura. Then, an upper right lobectomy was achieved. The histological findings of the lung tumor diagnosed to be a SCLC (p-stage: T1N0M0). An adjuvant treatment was started. At 20 months after the procedure, no recurrence was found.ConclusionSurgery as part of multimodality treatment may be indicated in the treatment of SCLC in the early stage (T1N0M0). However, before proceeding to attend tumor resection an exploration of pleural cavity is mandatory in order to exclude any pleural involvement

Evaluación de las propiedades del cajaro (Phractocephalus hemiliopterus) como potencial para la obtención de surimi y productos derivados

Objetivo. Determinar el uso potencial de carne de Cajaro (Phractocephalus hemiliopterus), para la obtención de surimi y productos derivados. Materiales y métodos. Filetes de Cajaro fueron troceados y lixiviados con agua en relación 1:3, formando pasta base surimi con la cual se preparó kamaboko, sometiendo la pasta moldeada a vapor (60oC) durante 15 min; y chikuwa donde la pasta en forma de rollo fue cocida a 80oC por 10 min. Se determinó la proteína total por método Kjeldahl, la capacidad de retención de agua (CRA) y el análisis de perfil de textura (TPA). El contenido de humedad se determinó por método AOAC (985.14) y se evaluó la calidad de la proteína miofibrilar por electroforesis SDS-page. Resultados. El Cajaro presentó un contenido proteico de 17.90±0.79% b.h.; porcentaje de humedad de 81.65±2.2% b.h. y CRA de 66.25±3.53% b.h. Los productos derivados presentaron 18.66±1.35% b.h., de proteína total equivalente a la proteína miofibrilar, influyendo en la gelificación por aumento de la CRA con respecto al surimi. El TPA incrementó (á=0.05) en la masticabilidad de la pasta base (51.04 N.s) con respecto al kamaboko (480.80 N.s), generando características cohesivas a los productos derivados, frente a características adhesivas de la pasta base. En la electroforesis se evidenció que la calidad de la miosina en productos derivados se conservó después de congelados, mientras que en filete y pasta base se deterioró. Conclusiones. La calidad de la proteína miofibrilar de Cajaro evidencia el potencial tecnológico que tiene esta especie del Amazonas, convirtiéndose en una oportunidad de negocio para obtención de productos tipo surimi de alto valor nutricional con calidad exportable

Production and characterization of CSSI003 (2961) human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying a novel puntiform mutation in RAI1 gene, Causative of Smith–Magenis syndrome

Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by developmental delay, behavioural problems and circadian rhythm dysregulation. About 90% of SMS cases are due to a 17p11.2 deletion containing retinoic acid induced1 (RAI1) gene, 10% are due to heterozygousmutations affecting RAI1 coding region. Little is known about RAI1 role

Effect of Cricket (Acheta domesticus) Flour Added to Mixture Powder to Obtain a Traditional Beverage (Chucula) on Its Physicochemical Characteristics

[EN] The aim of this study was to add cricket (Acheta domesticus) flour to dried mixtures of chucula to obtain a mixture with higher protein content without altering the typical properties of the traditional product. An experimental design with three factors (cricket flour, cacao and other flours) was performed. From this, 27 experiments were carried out. The water and protein content, particle size, water solubility and water absorption index, and color of samples were determined. All samples presented water content values less than or equal to 3%, typical of this type of product. Crude protein content increased significantly with increasing cricket flour content. The particle size of the samples with lower cocoa contents were higher, however those with lower cricket flour contents were lower. The water absorption and solubility indices were not affected by the factors in the ranges studied. The sample with lower content of the generic flours presented lower luminosity values, that is, they were darker. The sample with the highest cocoa content in its formulation showed more orange-reddish tones compared to the rest. The addition of cricket flour could be an alternative to increase the protein content in powdered chucula without altering its traditional characteristics. According to results, 7% of cricket flour, 25% of cacao and 68% of general flour was recommended to improve the final product.This research was supported by ADSIDEO 2018-2020 projects and Development Cooperation Program 2020-2021 UPV.Montoro, A.; Sotelo-Díaz, LI.; Filomena-Ambrosio, A.; Igual Ramo, M.; Martínez-Monzó, J.; García-Segovia, P. (2021). Effect of Cricket (Acheta domesticus) Flour Added to Mixture Powder to Obtain a Traditional Beverage (Chucula) on Its Physicochemical Characteristics. Biology and Life Sciences Forum. 6:1-6. https://doi.org/10.3390/Foods2021-11008S16

Estandarización y uso de un coproducto: disminución de residuos en proceso industrial de cocción de pollo

The technical-economic viability of using a co-product (broth) in a chicken breast cooking process was evaluated in a restaurant chain industry in Bogotá, Colombia. 560 production batches were evaluated for 10 weeks. The co-product was standardized through electrical conductivity changes for the quantification of the salt concentration, sensory descriptors (odor, taste, and texture), and microbiological safety. The salt concentration obtained by linear regression was 2.08% w / w; the sensory descriptors for taste and odor were defined as salty, chicken, vegetables, pepper, and fatty appearance. The process conditions guaranteed microbiological safety, the temperature of 85 ° C and process time of 45 minutes. With the co-product, it was possible to substitute 5 SKUs for raw material; Thus, in 10 months, the production cost was reduced by 15,000 USD, and 61,000 liters of waste were eliminated, representing 13% w / w of solid waste. The production plan calculated using the exponential smoothing method yielded a MAPE of 3.41%, guaranteeing the total consumption of the co-product and the supply for the selected meat-based SKU´sSe evaluó la viabilidad técnico-económica de uso de un coproducto (caldo) en un proceso de cocción de pechugas de pollo, en una industria de cadena de restaurantes en Bogotá, Colombia. Fueron evaluados 560 lotes de producción durante 10 semanas. El coproducto fue estandarizado a través de los cambios en conductividad eléctrica para la cuantificación de la concentración de sal, descriptores sensoriales (olor, sabor y textura) y por inocuidad microbiológica. La concentración de sal obtenida por regresión lineal fue 2,08% p/p; los descriptores sensoriales para sabor y olor fueron definidos como salado, pollo, vegetales, pimienta y para aspecto grasoso. La inocuidad microbiología se garantizó por las condiciones de proceso, temperatura de 85°C y tiempo de proceso 45 minutos. Con el coproducto, se logró sustituir en 5 SKU´s (Stock Keeping Unit) para una materia prima; así, en un periodo de 10 meses fue reducido el costo de producción en 15.000 USD y fueron eliminados 61000 litros de residuos que representaron el 13% p/p de los residuos sólidos. El plan de producción calculado mediante método de suavizamiento exponencial arrojo un MAPE de 3.41%, garantizando el consumo total del coproducto y el abastecimiento para los SKU de base cárnica seleccionados

Effect of ultrasound on ATP-ase activity and functional properties in tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) surimi

[ES] Debido a la importancia nutricional del pescado y su potencial en la obtenciÛn de productos procesados con alto valor agregado, uno de los mayores retos es desarrollarlos a partir de procesos sostenibles que preserven la calidad funcional de los m ismos. A partir de Tilapia se elaborÛ surimi por mÈtodo tradicional y con ultrasonido (40 kHz; 150 W; 15 min). Se determinÛ el efecto del ultrasonido sobre la actividad ATP-asa, propiedades funcionales y estructurales de surimi. El ultrasonido no afectÛ la capacidad de retenciÛn de agua y cohesividad, incrementÛ: actividad ATP-asa (77,8%), contenido de proteÌna (16,94%), dureza (14,83%), elasticidad (2,82%), masticabilidad (13,74%) y disminuyÛ humedad (2,00%). En su microestructura el surimi con ultrasonido fue menos compacto. La aplicaciÛn de ultrasonido para la elaboraciÛn de surimi redujo un ciclo de lavado, conservando la calidad del producto.[EN] The nutritional importance of fish and its potential in the production of products processed with high value added, is one of the biggest challenges is to develop from production the sustainable processes that maintain for their functional quality. Tilapia was used to prepare surimi by traditional method and ultrasound (40 kHz, 150 W, 15 min). The effect of ultrasound was determinated on the ATP-ase activity, functional and structural properties of surimi. Ultrasound did not affect water holding capacity and cohesiveness, but increased: ATP-ase activity (77.8%), protein content (16.94%), hardness (14.83%), elasticity (2.82%), chewiness (13.74%) and decreased moisture (2.00%). The surimi microstructure was less compact with ultrasound. The use of ultrasound in the obtaining of surimi reduced one wash cycle keeping the product quality.Universidad de La Sabana. Proyecto ING-114-2010. Grupo MiQuali. Universidad Politècnica de ValenciaFilomena-Ambrosio, A.; Diaz, L.; Puig Gómez, CA.; Sotelo-Díaz, I. (2012). Efecto de ultrasonido sobre la actividad ATP-asa y propiedades funcionales en surimi de tilapia (oreochromis niloticus). Revista Vitae. 19(1):S379-S381. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/150347SS379S38119

Middle Palaeolithic technical behaviour: Material import-export and Levallois production at the SU 13 of Oscurusciuto rock shelter, Southern Italy

The Oscurusciuto rock shelter, located in southern Italy (Puglia), has yielded a long Middle Palaeolithic stratigraphy rich in lithic assemblages, fireplaces and faunal remains, attesting Neanderthal occupation during the MIS 3. This paper is focused on the stratigraphic unit 13, consisting of a sandy compact deposit mixed with pyroclastic sediment above a thick level of tephra-US 14, identified as Mt. Epomeo green tuff (dated Ar/Ar ~ 55 ka).Level 13 represents the first stable human occupation after the deposition of tephra. Our goal was to examine the lithic assemblage of this stratigraphic unit by means of an interdisciplinary approach (technology, RMU, refitting program) in order to identify the economic behaviour and technical strategies of Neanderthals occupying the stratigraphic unit 13 of Oscurusciuto.The technical strategies applied indicate fragmentation of the reduction processes, as well as probable events of importation and exportation of objects. The lithic material were introduced at different stages of manufacturing. Pieces were introduced in the form of rough objects (pebbles), as well as semi-finished items, and as finished tools. This fragmentation of the chaîne opératoire also demonstrate the palimpsest nature of the level which is made up of different events happening one after another.The main concept of debitage was Levallois, generally realized on local jasper and siliceous limestone pebbles or cortical flakes. Jasper and siliceous limestone flakes, backed flakes and convergent flakes were the technological objectives of the debitage. A marginal volumetric debitage aimed at producing bladelets was also attested.

Intrinsically disordered amphiphilic peptides as potential targets in drug delivery vehicles

Intrinsically disordered proteins/peptides play a crucial role in many physiological and pathological events and may assume a precise conformation upon binding to a specific target. Recently, we have described the conformational and functional properties of two linear ester peptides provided with the following sequences: Y-G-E-C-P-C-K-OAllyl (PepK) and Y-G-E-C-P-C-E-OAllyl (PepE). Both peptides are characterized by the presence of the ‘‘CPC’’ motif together with a few amino acids able to promote disorder. The CPC sequence is a binding motif for the CXCR4 receptor that represents a well-known target for cancer therapies. In this paper, we report on synthetic amphiphilic peptides that consist of lipophilic derivatives of PepE and PepK bearing two stearic alkyl chains and/or an ethoxylic spacer. These peptide amphiphiles form stable supramolecular aggregates; they present conformational features that are typical of intrinsically disordered molecules as shown by CD spectroscopy. Solution fluorescence and DLS studies have been performed to evaluate Critical Micellar Concentrations and the dimension of supramolecular aggregates. Moreover, preliminary in vitro cell-based assays have been conducted to investigate the molecular recognition processes involving the CXCR4 receptor. In the end, the results obtained have been compared with the previous data generated by the corresponding non-amphiphilic peptides (PepE and PepK)

A failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA)-based approach for risk assessment of scientific processes in non-regulated research laboratories

AbstractNowadays, Quality Management tools such as failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) are widely used throughout the aeronautical, automotive, software, food services, health care and many other industries to sustain and improve quality and safety. The increasing complexity of scientific research makes it more difficult to maintain all activities under control, in order to guarantee validity and reproducibility of results. Even in non-regulated research, scientists need to be supported with management tools that maximize study performance and outcomes, while facilitating the research process. Frequently, steps that involve human intervention are the weak links in the process. Risk analysis therefore gives considerable benefit to analytical validation, assessing and avoiding failures due to human error, potential imprecision in applying protocols, uncertainty in equipment function and imperfect control of materials. This paper describes in detail how FMEA methodology can be applied as a performance improvement tool in the field of non-regulated research, specifically on a basic Life Sciences research process. We chose as "pilot process" the selection of oligonucleotide aptamers for therapeutic purposes, as an example of a complex and multi-step process, suitable for technology transfer. We applied FMEA methodology, seeking every opportunity for error and its impact on process output, and then, a set of improvement actions was generated covering most aspects of laboratory practice, such as equipment management and staff training. We also propose a useful tool supporting the risk assessment of research processes and its outputs and that we named "FMEA strip worksheet." These tools can help scientists working in non-regulated research to approach Quality Management and to perform risk evaluation of key scientific procedures and processes with the final aim to increase and better control efficiency and efficacy of their research