Identification of physical activity level of school adolescents: sports basedhigh intensity physical education classes

This study aimed to identify undertaken activities during Physical Education (PE) school classes, such as their content and intensity, and investigate the relationship between PE school classes and the level of physical activity of the students. Fifty school adolescents averagely aging 14.3 years, 1.63m, height and 57.4kg body mass were evaluated. Intensity of PE classes was measured by heart rate monitoring. A PE class content observation instrument was utilized in order to evaluate the sessions. Additionally, IPAQ was used to assess the level of physical activity of the participants. 20% of the students were found to be overweight considering their age. It was noticed that 78% underwent from moderate to high intensity sports activity throughout the classes, without signifi cant gender differences. 96% of the studied subjects were classifi ed as active or very active. Therefore, most of the analyzed adolescents performed satisfactory physical activity, ensuring a high level of physical activity

Nível de atividade física e fatores de risco cardiometabólico em usuários da Atenção Básica à Saúde

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o nível de atividade física e a prevalência de fatores de risco cardiometabólico em usuários da Atenção Básica à Saúde. Foram pesquisados 1527 sujeitos (52,7 ± 13,0 anos; 72,6% mulheres) acima de 30 anos na cidade de Fortaleza-CE. Foram coletados dados sobre nível de atividade física, atividade física de lazer, excesso de peso, obesidade abdominal, tabagismo e diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus. As variáveis independentes foram sexo e faixa-etária (adulto, meia-idade e idoso). Os resultados indicaram que os homens apresentaram menor nível de atividade física (p<0,05), menor participação em atividade física no lazer (p<0,05) e maior uso de tabaco (p<0,05). Os idosos apresentaram menor nível de atividade física que os indivíduos adultos e de meia-idade (p<0,05), mesmo com maior realização de atividade física no lazer (p<0,05). Houve alta prevalência de excesso de peso (59,1%) e obesidade abdominal elevada (65,5%). O excesso de peso foi maior em adultos (69,9%) e indivíduos de meia-idade (64,7%). Em relação à prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus, houve um aumento expressivo a partir da meia-idade, sem diferença entre sexos. Em conclusão, foi identificada alta prevalência de inatividade física, especialmente em homens e idosos, bem como maior prevalência de fatores de risco cardiometabólico em indivíduos de meia-idade e idosos

Atividade da superóxido dismutase em modelo de animal com lesão Hipocampal induzida por peptideo A?1-42 e suplementados com melatonina/ Peroxide activity dismutes in animal model with Hypical lesion induced by peptide A?1-42 and supplemented with melatonine

 A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) caracteriza-se pela neurodegeneração progressiva e irreversível decorrente de lesões moleculares decorrentes do acúmulo de placas neuríticas carregadas de ?-amiloide e emaranhados neurofibrilares causando perda progressiva da memória e das funções cognitivas. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar alterações na atividade da superóxido dismutase no hipocampo de ratos induzidos ao Alzheimer e suplementados via gavagem por melatonina. Os animais foram divididos em cinco grupos (N=12): Grupo 1: Controle (não operado) que receberam veículo por gavagem (CONTROLE-SALINA, CS) , Grupo 2: animais SHAM (Operação de Alzheimer) que receberam a injeção do veículo de diluição de melatonina (SHAM-SALINA,SS), Grupo 3: animais SHAM que receberam melatonina (SHAN-MELATONINA, SM), Grupo 4: animais induzidos ao Alzheimer que receberam somente o veículo (ALZHEIMER- SALINA, AS), Grupo 5: animais induzidos ao Alzheimer que receberam melatonina (ALZHEIMER- MELATONINA, AM) e por meio de testes de equilíbrio redox, analisou-se a atividade da superóxido dismutase (SOD) verificando um aumento na defesa antioxidante, inclusive na suplementação do grupo 3. Conclui-se que a Melatonina pode melhorar as defesas antioxidantes em resposta à Doença de Alzheimer

EffEct of high-intEnsity ExErcisE on EndothElial function in patiEnts with t2dM EfEito do ExErcício dE alta intEnsidadE na função EndotElial dE paciEntEs com dm2 EfEcto dEl EjErcicio dE alta intEnsidad sobrE la función EndotElial dE paciEntEs con dm2

aBstract Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease worldwide. Endothelial dysfunction characteristic of these patients is one of the major risk factors for atherosclerosis. Early diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction is essential for the treatment especially of non-invasive manner, such as flow mediated dilation. Physical exercise is capable of generating beneficial adaptations may improve endothelial function. Objective: Identify the effect of physical exercise, using the clinical technique of ultrasound in the assessment of the endothelial function of patients with metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Thirty-one patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome were studied, with a mean age (± SD) of 58±6 years, randomized into three groups. The training was performed for 50 minutes, four times a week. Before and after six weeks of training, subjects performed the endurance test and a study of the endothelial function of the brachial artery by high-resolution ultrasound. Results: After hyperemia, the percentage of arterial diameter was significantly higher for the high-intensity group (HI before = 2.52±2.85mm and after = 31.81±12.21mm; LI before = 3.23±3.52mm and after = 20.61±7.76mm; controls before = 3.56±2.33mm and after = 2.43±2.14mm; p<0.05). Conclusions: The high-intensity aerobic training improved the vasodilatation response-dependent endothelium, recorded by ultrasound, in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes

Efeito de um programa de treinamento concorrente com carga auto selecionada na aptidão física relacionada à saúde / Effect of a concurrent training program with auto selected load in health-related physical aptitude

Introdução: Visto o crescente aumento de sujeitos de meia-idade na população, e as perdas nas aptidões físicas decorrente do envelhecimento, adota-se o exercício físico como um importante aliado na desaceleração das perdas relacionadas á saúde e a qualidade de vida desses sujeitos. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o efeito de um Programa de treinamento concorrente com carga auto selecionada. Metodologia: Foram estudadas 16 mulheres entre 40 e 60 anos. Este foi um estudo de intervenção por meio de um programa de exercício físico, dividido a cada sessão em atividades aeróbia, resistido e alongamentos por um período de 8 semanas. Resultados: A PASpós exercício no grupo intervenção obteve valor pré 116,4 ± 3,8 e pós 117,2 ± 3,7, p valor 0,52. A PADpós exercício obteve valor pré 76,9 ± 2,6, e pós 74,6 ± 2,7, valor p 0,016. A Força de MMSS no grupo intervenção obteve o valor pré 20,9 ± 7,9, e o pós de 24,1 ± 8,8, p valor 0,008, no grupo controle, o valor de pré foi 26 ± 6, e o pós de 24 ± 6,11, p valor 0,018. A Força de MMII no grupo intervenção obteve o valor pré 46,6 ± 12,8, e pós de 56,1 ± 18,7, p valor 0,04, no grupo controle, o valor de pré foi 65,28 ± 7,4, e pós de 56,28 ± 12, p valor 0,005. O % de Gordura no grupo intervenção obteve o valor pré de 26,4 ± 4,9 e pós de 25,2 ± 4,7, p valor 0,02, no grupo controle o valor de pré foi 24,7 ± 3,8 e o pós de 25,3 ± 3,9, p valor 0,00. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os sujeitos analisados tiveram uma melhora significativa de suas aptidões físicas, portanto obtiveram êxito na promoção de sua saúde e de seu bem-estar corporal.

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost