High School Mathematics: A Venue For Political Resistance To White Supremacy

The teaching of mathematics in the United States is biased, unjust, and racist. It pretends to be a politically neutral subject despite its inherent white supremist structures and systems. Three main structural component of mathematics education support White Supremacy and need to be dismantled and restructured: inequitable access, the dehumanization of students, and the emphasis of the individual. Mathematics education can be a venue for political resistance to White Supremacy. This project outlines a yearlong advanced algebra curriculum that is rooted in student voice, community engagement, and social connection and includes: essential foundational work, curriculum design, a pacing guide, course-learning targets, Minnesota state mathematics standards, and a five-step framework. Society is in great need of a future generation that is equipped to take on the challenges created by our unjust systems and unbalanced power structures. My project aims to create a curriculum that honors students’ humanity and the community. We have an obligation to provide an education to our students that develops their critical consciousness and their capacity to actively engage in justice work to better their community

Multiscreen serum analysis of highly sensitized renal dialysis patients for antibodies toward public and private class I HLA determinants: Implications for computer-predicted acceptable and unacceptable donor mismatches in kidney transplantation

A multiscreen serum analysis program has been developed that permits a determination of antibody specificity for the vast majority of highly sensitized patients awaiting transplantation. This program is based on a 2 x 2 table analysis of correlations between serum reactivity with an HLA-typed cell panel and incorporates two modifications. One implements the concept of public HLA determinants based on the serologic crossreactivity among class I HLA antigens. The other modification derives from the premise that most highly sensitized patients maintain the same PRA and antibody profiles over many months and even years. Monthly screening results for patients with persistent PRA values can therefore be combined for analysis. For 132 of 150 highly sensitized patients with >50% PRA, this multiscreen serum analysis program yielded information about antibody specificity toward public and private class IHLA determinants. The vast majority of patients (108 of 112) with PRA values between 50 and 89% showed antibody specificity generally toward one, two, or three public markers and/or the more common private HLA-A, B antigens. For 24 of 38 patients with >90% PRA, it was possible to define one or few HLA-specific antibodies. The primary objective of the multiscreen program was to develop an algorithm about computer-predicted acceptable and unacceptable donor HLA-A, B antigens for patients with preformed antibodies. A retrospective analysis of kidney transplants into 89 highly sensitized patients has demonstrated that allografts with unacceptable HLA-A, B mismatches had significantly lower actuarial survival rates than those with acceptable mismatches (P = 0.01). This was shown for both groups of 32 primary transplants (44% vs. 67% after 1 year) and 60 retransplants (50% vs. 68%). Also, serum creatinine levels were significantly higher in patients with unacceptable class I mismatches (3.0 vs. 8.4 mg% [P = 0.007] after 2 weeks; 3.9 vs. 9.1 mg% [P = 0.014] after 4 weeks). Histopathologic analysis of allograft tissue specimens from 47 transplant recipients revealed a significantly higher incidence of humoral rejection (P = 0.02), but not cellular rejection, in the unacceptable mismatch group. These results suggest that the multiscreen program can establish which donor HLA-A, B mismatches must be avoided in kidney transplantation for most highly sensitized patients. For 18 of 150 high PRA renal dialysis patients, the multiscreen program could not define HLA-specific antibody. Most patients had >90% PRA, and many of their sera appeared to contain IgM type nonspecific lympho- cytotoxins that could be inactivated by dithioerythreitol (DTE). Preliminary studies have shown that this treatment enabled the detection of HLA-specific antibodies upon subsequent screening on many occasions. These data suggest that non-HLA specific reactivity revealed by multiscreen analysis can often be removed by DTE treatment. Multiscreen analysis offers an attractive approach to regional organ-sharing programs for highly sensitized renal transplant candidates. It enables the development of an efficient strategy for donor selection based on the computer assignment of acceptable HLA-A, B mismatches for each patient. © 1990 by Williams and Wilkins

El Presupuesto Participativo en el contexto de los jóvenes de la Comuna 13 de Medellín

This paper analyzes youth participation in Participatory Budgeting (PB) processes in  one  of  Medellín’s  most  troubled  neighborhoods,  la  Comuna  13.  Participatory Budgeting is a process in which regular citizens work together with the municipal office in deciding how to allocate 5% of the city’s overall budget. The initiative has been widely celebrated as an effective practice of participatory democracy and is increasingly viewed as an innovative tool for public management. Thiis article highlights non- traditional forms of youth leadership and the important effects of youth organization in la Comuna 13. It also discusses some of the complications that young people from this neighborhood face in their efforts to take part in budgeting initiatives, considering the authoritarian culture, limited political formation and intergenerational tension that mark the context in which they live.En este trabajo se analiza la participación de los jóvenes en el proceso de Presupuesto Participativo (PP) en uno de los sectores más conflictivos de Medellín: la Comuna 13. El Presupuesto Participativo es un asunto en el que los ciudadanos del común trabajan en conjunto con la administración municipal para decidir cómo asignar el   5% del presupuesto público de la ciudad. La iniciativa ha sido celebrada como una práctica efectiva de la democracia participativa y como una herramienta innovadora para la gestión pública. Este artículo destaca las formas no-tradicionales de liderazgo juvenil y los efectos de la organización de los jóvenes en la Comuna 13 y se abordan varias complicaciones que enfrentan en sus esfuerzos para incidir en los presupuestos públicos. Para ello es importante tener en cuenta la cultura autoritaria, la formación política limitada y la tensión inter-generacional que marcan su contexto

Assuring Access: One Library\u27s Journey from Print to Electronic Only Subscriptions

The migration of library collections from print to electronic formats has been a priority for many institutions during the last ten years and has played a key role in the transformation of the modern academic library. Not surprisingly, this process has been labor-intensive, costly, and occasionally frustrating to those involved in the transformation. This article recounts the challenges that the Central Michigan University Libraries faced and the measures it established to overcome these challenges as it undertook the process of successfully moving from a print-based to a predominately electronic only subscription collection

Construction and annotation of a high density SNP linkage map of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) genome

Background: High density linkage maps are useful tools for fine-scale mapping of quantitative trait loci, and characterisation of the recombination landscape of a species' genome. Genomic resources for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) include a well-assembled reference genome and high density SNP arrays. Our aim was to create a high density linkage map, and to align it with the reference genome assembly.  Results: Over 96 K SNPs were mapped and ordered on the 29 salmon linkage groups using a pedigreed population comprising 622 fish from 60 nuclear families, all genotyped with the 'ssalar01' high density SNP array. The number of SNPs per group showed a high positive correlation with physical chromosome length (r = 0.95). While the order of markers on the genetic and physical maps was generally consistent, areas of discrepancy were identified. Approximately 6.5 % of the previously unmapped reference genome sequence was assigned to chromosomes using the linkage map. Male recombination rate was lower than females across the vast majority of the genome, but with a notable peak in sub-telomeric regions. Finally, using RNA-Seq data to annotate the reference genome, the mapped SNPs were categorised according to their predicted function, including annotation of ~ 2.5 K putative non-synonymous variants.  Conclusions: The highest density SNP linkage map for any salmonid species has been created, annotated, and integrated with the Atlantic salmon reference genome assembly. This map highlights the marked heterochiasmy of salmon, and provides a useful 36 resource for salmonid genetics and genomics research