Monitorização de fontes abertas no contexto da investigação criminal: redes sociais

O mundo em que vivemos sofreu alterações estruturais que transfiguraram relações sociais e padrões ético-culturais a todos os níveis. Concomitantemente a Revolução tecnológica centrada no desenvolvimento da electrónica e das tecnologias de informação e inteligência artificial alterou por completo as noções de tempo, espaço e território, conduzindo a novos modelos sociais. Vivemos no primado da tecnologia e da informação, a Polícia não pode nem deve alhear-se do desenvolvimento, com base no prisma evolutivo, deve fazer-se valer das vantagens que resultam da exploração dos meios que nos ligam à corrente contemporânea. As fontes abertas são uma fonte inesgotável de informação e abriram portas a uma nova forma de promoção e divulgação do fenómeno criminal. Verifica-se hodiernamente uma promoção vulgarizada e radicalmente nova de publicidade criminal. É premente aliviar o alarme social e a perversidade circunstancial que começa a ganhar forma roçando o conceito de “Moda”3 , sob pena de estarmos a contribuir para o sentimento de insegurança e de impunidade.The social relations as well as the ethical and cultural patterns of our society are deeply shaped by a rapidly and constantly changing world. At the same time the technological revolution that is rooted in the fast paced developments in electronics, information technology and artificial intelligence has permanently changed our notions of time, space and territory, leading to a new social paradigm. Technology and information take a central role in the modern society and the Police forces cannot and should not be kept aside of this development. Instead, we should explore the advantages that arise from the correct use of the tools available in the contemporaneous world. The open sources intelligence in today’s world are limitless and they open the door to a new modus operandi in what concerns the promotion and spread of criminal activities. We have already started to observe the standardization of a new form of criminal advertising. It is imperative to reduce the social alarm and perversity that is starting to take place and that resembles the concept of Fashion. Not acting immediately could jeopardize security and contribute to a feeling of impunity

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Acetylsalicylic Acid Daily Vs Acetylsalicylic Acid Every 3 Days In Healthy Volunteers: Effect On Platelet Aggregation, Gastric Mucosa, And Prostaglandin E-2 Synthesis

Substantial platelet inhibition was observed 3 days after a single administration of acetylsalicylic acid 81 mg to healthy volunteers. Here we investigate prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) antrum concentrations and gastrointestinal symptoms in two treatment groups: one receiving losartan and acetylsalicylic acid every day and the other receiving losartan every day and acetylsalicylic acid every 3 days. Twenty-eight healthy volunteers from both sexes received either 50 mg losartan and acetylsalicylic acid 81 mg daily or 50 mg losartan and acetylsalicylic acid 81 every 3 days with placebo on the other days. Therapy was delivered for 30 days for both groups. Gastric endoscopy was performed before and after treatment period. Biopsies were collected for PGE2 quantification. Platelet function tests were carried out before and during treatment and TXB2 release on platelet rich plasma was measured. The every 3 day low-dose acetylsalicylic acid regimen produced complete inhibition of platelet aggregation compared to the daily treatment. Thromboxane B2 release was substantially abolished for both groups during treatment. There was no significant difference on the endoscopic score of both treatment groups after the 30-day treatment (P = .215). There was over 50% suppression of antrum PGE2 content on volunteers receiving acetylsalicylic acid daily (P = .0016), while for the every 3 day dose regimen there was no significant difference between pre and post-treatment antrum PGE2 dosages (P = .4193). Since PGE2 is involved in gastric healing, we understand that this new approach could be safer and as efficient as the standard daily therapy on a long-term basis.56786286

Impacto da Gestão para Resultados nos Indicadores Criminais do Ceará

Busca-se identificar se a Lei estadual n.º 15.558/2014 é capaz de influenciar os indicadores de criminalidade dos municípios cearenses. A análise baseiase num painel de dados para todos os 184 municípios cearenses, considerando de 2010 a 2016. Os determinantes da criminalidade são analisados a partir do método de mínimos quadrados generalizados factíveis. Embora a expectativa prevista na Lei n.º 15.558/2014 seja de influenciar negativamente os indicadores criminais do Ceará, as estimativas indicam que tal resultado não foi alcançado (exceto para os crimes de furto) e que essa perspectiva não é uma singularidade cearense, já que o mesmo fato pode ser observado por outras experiências brasileiras e internacionais. Por possibilitar ganhos financeiros diretos, tal mecanismo pode ser responsável por elevar o esforço na segurança local, que passa a atuar de forma mais intensa e, consequentemente, a registrar um maior número de ocorrências. Contudo o incentivo financeiro não se mostra tão impactante para o combate da criminalidade, devendo esse fenômeno ser melhor estudado, considerando outras abordagens, quais sejam: comparar o Ceará com outro estado, comparar o Ceará com uma média de unidades federativas e comparar os municípios do CE antes e depois da Gestão para Resultados (GPR) para avaliar o efeito da lei