The optimality of word lengths

In this thesis, an analysis is done to test new optimality scores to estimate if they explain better text optimality than mean word length. To do so, some large parallel corpora will be analyzed with 460 languages, 34 unique writing systems, and 54 unique language families to test if these scores explain better text optimality. Also, a study to determine whether language family or writing system best explains the optimality of a language has been done. It concludes with a classification of the writing systems and language families with the scores proposed

Nitrogen removal in a two-chambered microbial fuel cell: Establishment of a nitrifying-denitrifying microbial community on an intermittent aerated cathode

A microbial fuel cell (MFC) was used to study nitrogen dynamics and its feasibility for high strength wastewater treatment. Intermittent aeration was applied on the cathode chamber accomplishing the establishment of a simultaneous nitrifying-denitrifying microbial community. A total of 30.4% of the N-NH4 + migrated through the ion exchange membrane being primarily nitrified at the cathode chamber. When intermittent aeration was applied in the cathode, denitrification also occurred achieving 17.8% of nitrate removal without acetate addition, and 41.2% with acetate addition. The microbial community analysis revealed that the nitrification process at the cathode chamber could be explained due to a high predominance of Nitrosomonas sp. as ammonia-oxidising bacteria and other Comamonadaceae phylotypes as potential denitrifiers. Parallel batch denitrification assays, carried out outside the MFC using the cathode effluent, confirmed the existence of heterotrophic denitrification processes with other well known denitrifying dominant phylotypes enrichment (Burkholderiadaceae, Comamonadaceae, Alcaligenaceae).Postprint (author's final draft

Infinity structures and higher products in rational homotopy theory

Fecha de Lectura de Tesis: 22 de Marzo de 2018.Rational homotopy theory classically studies the torsion free phenomena in the homotopy category of topological spaces and continuous maps. Its success is mainly due to the existence of relatively simple algebraic models that faithfully capture this non-torsion homotopical information. Infinity structures are algebraic gadgets in which some axioms hold up to a hierarchy of coherent homotopies. We will work particularly with two of the most important of these, namely, A-infinity and L-infinity algebras. The former can be thought of as a differential graded algebra (DGA, henceforth, or CDGA if it is commutative) where the associativity law holds up to a homotopy which is determined by a 3-product whose associativity up to homotopy is again given by a 4-product, and so on. The latter can be seen as a differential graded Lie algebra (DGL, henceforth) where similarly, the Jacobi identity holds up to a homotopy which is determined by a 3-product, and so on. In this work, we use infinity structures to shed light on classical matters of rational homotopy theory, and beyond. When attempting to classify (or, more modestly, just to distinguish) rational homotopy types, one is naturally led to consider secondary operations in homotopy or cohomology. Among these, we focus on the higher Whitehead and Massey products, complementing the usual Whitehead product in homotopy andcup product in cohomology, respectively. These fundamental homotopical invariantsare at the very heart of the theory, but their manipulation can be difficult at times. Infinity structures also classify rational homotopy types and are sometimes more amenable to computations or better adapted to the problem at hand than are the secondary operations. The main achievement of this thesis is the description of the precise relationship between the higher arity operations of an infinity structure governing a given rational homotopy type and the higher products in homotopy and cohomology of it

Teaching english to children aged 2-6 years old.

En la actualidad, la formación de los alumnos de todas las instituciones (colegios, universidades e institutos) es una parte fundamental para el desarrollo de nuevas habilidades que permitan la adquisición de conocimientos para trabajar a lo largo de todas las etapas de la vida. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar el trabajo realizado en relación con la enseñanza del inglés a niños menores de seis años. Se muestra cómo a través de las pequeñas palabras y el conocimiento de la lengua inglesa, los niños pueden desarrollar habilidades o destrezas comunicativas que facilitan el aprendizaje de esta nueva lengua. A través de este trabajo se identifican las dificultades que presentan los niños en la educación y se da a conocer el material didáctico y las habilidades implementadas que contribuyen al aprendizaje del inglés como segunda lengua. El proyecto se realizó con metodologías que permiten la enseñanza de vocabulario en inglés de todas las categorías (animales, frutas, objetos, negocios, etc.) que conducen a resultados positivos de aprendizaje.Currently, the training of students from all institutions (schools, universities, and institutes) is a fundamental part of the development of new skills that allow the acquisition of knowledge to work along all stages of life. This paper aims to present the work achieved regarding teaching English to children under six years old. It shows how through the small words and knowledge of the English language, children can develop skills or communication abilities that facilitate the learning of this new language. Through this work, the difficulties that children present in education are identified and the didactic material and implemented skills that contribute to the learning of English as a second language are made known. The project was carried out with methodologies that allow the teaching of English vocabulary of all categories (animals, fruit, objects, business, etc.) that lead to positive learning results.ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1. THE COMPANY 1.1. HISTORY OF THE COMPANY 1.2. COMPANY DESCRIPTION: 1.2.1. CORPORATE NAME: ACES Sin Limites S.A.S. 1.2.2. LEGAL CONSTITUTION. 1.2.3. MISSION. 1.2.4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPANY CHAPTER 2: THE INTERNSHIP 2.1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM 2.2. OBJECTIVES OF THE INTERNSHIP 2.2.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE: 2.2.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 2.3. ROLE OF THE TRAINEE AND FUNCTIONS TO BE PERFORMED 2.4. SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES DURING THE INTERNSHIP PERIOD CHAPTER 3: CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE COMPANY 3.1. ACHIEVEMENTS 3.2. SCOPE 3.3. LIMITATIONS CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS GLOSSARY REFERENCES ANNEXES ANNEXES A ANNEXES B ANNEXES C ANNEXES D ANNEXES E ANNEXES F ANNEXES G ANNEXES H ANNEXES IPregradoLenguas Moderna

Theory of extraordinary transmission of light through quasiperiodic arrays of subwavelength holes

By using a theoretical formalism able to work in both real and k-spaces, the physical origin of the phenomenon of extraordinary transmission of light through quasi-periodic arrays of holes is revealed. Long-range order present in a quasiperiodic array selects the wavevector(s) of the surface electromagnetic mode(s) that allows an efficient transmission of light through subwavelength holes.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Analyzing interference between RGB-D cameras for human motion tracking

Multi-camera RGB-D systems are becoming popular as sensor setups in Computer Vision applications but they are prone to cause interference between them, compromising their accuracy. This paper extends previous works on the analysis of the noise introduced by interference with new and more realistic camera configurations and different brands of devices. As expected, the detected noise increases as distance and angle grows, becoming worse when interference is present. Finally, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions of using DC vibration motors to mitigate them. The results of this study are being used to assess the effect of interference when applying these setups to human motion tracking.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Plan Propio de Investigación de la UMA. Junta de Andalucía, proyecto TEP2012-53

Semiempirical Modeling of Reset Transitions in Unipolar Resistive-Switching based Memristors

We have measured the transition process from the high to low resistivity states, i.e., the reset process of resistive switching based memristors based on Ni/HfO2/Si-n+ structures, and have also developed an analytical model for their electrical characteristics. When the characteristic curves are plotted in the current-voltage (I-V) domain a high variability is observed. In spite of that, when the same curves are plotted in the charge-flux domain (Q-phi), they can be described by a simple model containing only three parameters: the charge (Qrst) and the flux (rst) at the reset point, and an exponent, n, relating the charge and the flux before the reset transition. The three parameters can be easily extracted from the Q-phi plots. There is a strong correlation between these three parameters, the origin of which is still under study

Environmental enrichment results in both brain connectivity efficiency and selective improvement in different behavioral tasks

Exposure to environmental enrichment (EE) has been a useful model for studying the effects of experience on brain plasticity, but to date, few is known about the impact of this condition on the brain functional networks that probably underlies the multiple behavioral improvements. Hence, we assessed the effect of an EE protocol in adult Wistar rats on the performance in several behavioral tasks testing different domains (Open field (OP): locomotor activity; Elevated-zero maze (EZM): anxiety-related behaviors; 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT): attentional processes; 4-arm radial water maze (4-RAWM): spatial memory) in order to check its effectiveness in a wide range of functions. After this, we analyzed the functional brain connectivity underlying each experimental condition through cytochrome C oxidase (COx) histochemistry. Our EE protocol reduced both locomotor activity in the OP and anxiety-related behaviors in the EZM. On the other hand, enriched rats showed more accuracy in the 4-RAWM, whereas 5-CSRTT performance was not significantly ameliorated by EE condition. In relation to COx functional connectivity, we found that EE reduced the number of strong positive correlations both in basal and training conditions, suggesting a modulating effect on specific brain connections. Our results suggest that EE seems to have a selective effect on specific brain regions, such as prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, leading to a more efficient brain connectivity.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. PPIT.UMA.B1.2017/3

A New Metric of Image Quality Assessment for Stereoscopic Content

International audienceAutomatic or semi-automatic stereoscopic image quality assessment has arisen due to the recent diffusion of a new generation of stereoscopic technologies and content demand. Thereby, there is a growth in asking for algorithms of Stereoscopic Image Quality Metrics (SIQA). In this paper, we present a method for assessing the stereoscopic image quality, QUALITAS. QUALITAS is grounded on some human visual system features such as contrast sensitivity, effect of disparate image quality in left and right images, and distance perception, which do not depend on the images being tested. QUALITAS is defined in five stages. Instead of averaging individual qualities of the stereo-pair, QUALITAS introduces Contrast Band-Pass Filtering on a wavelet domain at both views, namely our algorithm perceptually weights left and right images depending on certain viewing conditions. This paper includes the comparison of 27 Metrics SIQA proposed by 16 authors, which summarizes the work made in this field in the recent five years, on image database LIVE 3D. Some algorithms can be combined with any 2D/Normal Image Quality Assessments (NIQA), giving as a result that QUALITAS was compared against 221 Metrics. QUALITAS obtained the best results in terms of overall performance of correlation coefficients. We conclude all metrics in SIQA-SET are simple modifications of NIQA, which take into account some extra characteristics from the disparity map (usually depth variances). Instead QUALITAS incorporates disparity masking in addition to divide 3D scenario in two parts: background and foreground planes. Moreover QUALITAS employs a contrast band-pass filtering, so dynamic parameters are considered as observational distance. It includes loss of correlation, luminance and contrast distortion. It takes into account the visual differences between left and right images, employing a penalization depending on their wavelet energy. Thus, the novelty of QUALITAS lies in combining some the best features of stereoscopic image quality assessments