Growth patterns of subaqueous depositional channel lobe systems developed over a basement with a downdip break in slope: Laboratory experiments

A series of large-scale experiments on nonchannelized, depositional turbidity currents show the evolution and complex stratigraphy of channel-lobe systems developed updip and downdip of a break in slope. Two different sets of experimental turbidity currents with different sediment concentrations were run. The results provided a comparative picture of the gross structure of the fans, with information on their surfaces, growth sequences, and times of activity of the incised channels and lobed features. In particular, data analysis focused on: (a) velocity and suspended-sediment concentration of the flows themselves; (b) time and spatial sequences of channel and lobe construction and modification, and (c) spatial trends in grain-size distribution along the deposit. Significantly, the floor geometry employed in this study allowed investigation of adjustments in deep-sea fan deposition associated with natural changes in bed slope. We show here that the break in slope played a very important role in governing channel aggradation and lobe architecture over the deposit. More specifically, the slope break tended to break up the formation of long channels and enhance the formation of lobate features. A comparison with field submarine lobe analogs demonstrates that the morphodynamics and stratigraphy associated with lobed fans can indeed be modeled, within limits, at laboratory scale.Fil: Fernandez, Rocio Luz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: Cantelli, Alessandro. Shell International Exploration and Production; Estados UnidosFil: Pirmez, Carlos. Shell International Exploration and Production; Estados Unidos. Shell International Exploration and Production; Países BajosFil: Sequeiros, Octavio. Shell International Exploration and Production; Países BajosFil: Parker, Gary. University of Illinois at Urbana; Estados Unido

Effects of bubbling operations on a thermally stratified reservoir: Implications for water quality amelioration

Artificial thermal mixing of the water column is a common method of addressing water quality problems with the most popular method of destratification being the bubble curtain. The air or oxygen distribution along submerged multiport diffusers is based on similar basic principles as those of outfall disposal systems. Moreover, the disposal of sequestered greenhouse gases into the ocean, as recently proposed by several researchers to mitigate the global warming problem, requires analogous design criteria. In this paper, the influence of a bubble-plume is evaluated using full-scale temperature and water quality data collected in San Roque Reservoir, Argentina. A composite system consisting of seven separated diffusers connected to four 500 kPa compressors was installed at this reservoir by the end of 2008. The original purpose of this air bubble system was to reduce the stratification, so that the water body may completely mix under natural phenomena and remain well oxygenated throughout the year. By using a combination of the field measurements and modelling, this work demonstrates that thermal mixing by means of compressed air may improve water quality; however, if improperly sized or operated, such mixing can also cause deterioration. Any disruption in aeration during the destratification process, for example, may result in a reduction of oxygen levels due to the higher hypolimnetic temperatures. Further, the use of artificial destratification appears to have insignificant influence on reducing evaporation rates in relatively shallow impoundments such as San Roque reservoir. © IWA Publishing 2012.Fil: Fernandez, Rocio Luz. Universidade Federal do Paraná; Brasil. Universidad Blas Pascal. Centro de Investigacion Aplicada y Desarrollo En Ciencias del Ambiente.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Hidráulica; ArgentinaFil: Bonansea, Matias. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente; ArgentinaFil: Cosavella, A.. Water Resources Secretary Of Córdoba Province; ArgentinaFil: Monarde, F.. Gobierno de la Provincia de Córdoba. Subsecretaría de Recursos Hídricos; ArgentinaFil: Ferreyra, M.. Gobierno de la Provincia de Córdoba. Subsecretaría de Recursos Hídricos; ArgentinaFil: Bresciano, J.. Gobierno de la Provincia de Córdoba. Subsecretaría de Recursos Hídricos; Argentin

En búsqueda de la sustentabilidad y la recuperación del embalse San Roque

El mayor suministro de agua potable de la Ciudad de Córdoba y el Gran Córdoba proviene del Embalse San Roque. Su cuenca es la segunda región turística más importante de la Argentina y la principal de la provincia. El lago es utilizado como fuente de agua para consumo y recreación y como componente básico para la sustentabilidad económica de toda la región, por lo que resulta fundamental la adecuada administración de la cuenca por parte de la Gestión de Gobierno. En la última década, la presencia permanente de algas y la ocurrencia de eventos extremos de crecimiento han siendo percibidos de manera preocupante por los pobladores de las ciudades aledañas y los visitantes de la región. Recientemente han afectado el tratamiento de potabilidad destinada a la ciudad de Córdoba resultando una distribución de agua de mala calidad con olores y sabores desagradables. Asimismo el problema de algas y macrófitas ocurrido en la fuente natural a pocos días de iniciarse la Semana Santa en marzo de 2010, debió ser contrarrestado mediante la implementación de actividades de saneamiento consistente en la limpieza y extracción mecánica de la biomasa en sitios del río San Antonio y su desembocadura, el área del perilago más poblado. Ante los inminentes síntomas de eutrofización avanzada, se conformó el Grupo de investigación Interdisciplinario e Interinstitucional donde participan el Instituto Nacional del Agua, el grupo de investigación Biodiscos y el Laboratorio Central, División Agua y Efluentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas - UCC; la Compañía de Ingenieros Paracaidistas IV y Batallón de Inteligencia de la Segunda División de Ejército - Ejército Argentino; la Facultad de Biología y el Instituto de Virología Vanella - UNC y la Secretaría de Ambiente de la Provincia de Córdoba, entre otras. El objetivo general es la realización de los estudios integrales del lago San Roque para diagnosticar su estado, con el fin de proponer a la Gestión de Gobierno las medidas de mitigación de los problemas y las correspondientes acciones de prevención y control.Fil: Bustamante, María Alejandra. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Welter, Adriana Beatriz. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Re, Viviana Elizabeth. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Grumelli, Yanina Alejandra. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Wassaf, Maribel Graciela. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Castillo, Jorge Eduardo. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Díaz Panero, Mariángeles. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Aguirre, Belquis Pamela. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentin

En búsqueda de la sustentabilidad y la recuperación del embalse San Roque

El mayor suministro de agua potable de la Ciudad de Córdoba y el Gran Córdoba proviene del Embalse San Roque. Su cuenca es la segunda región turística más importante de la Argentina y la principal de la provincia. El lago es utilizado como fuente de agua para consumo y recreación y como componente básico para la sustentabilidad económica de toda la región, por lo que resulta fundamental la adecuada administración de la cuenca por parte de la Gestión de Gobierno. En la última década, la presencia permanente de algas y la ocurrencia de eventos extremos de crecimiento han siendo percibidos de manera preocupante por los pobladores de las ciudades aledañas y los visitantes de la región. Recientemente han afectado el tratamiento de potabilidad destinada a la ciudad de Córdoba resultando una distribución de agua de mala calidad con olores y sabores desagradables. Asimismo el problema de algas y macrófitas ocurrido en la fuente natural a pocos días de iniciarse la Semana Santa en marzo de 2010, debió ser contrarrestado mediante la implementación de actividades de saneamiento consistente en la limpieza y extracción mecánica de la biomasa en sitios del río San Antonio y su desembocadura, el área del perilago más poblado. Ante los inminentes síntomas de eutrofización avanzada, se conformó el Grupo de investigación Interdisciplinario e Interinstitucional donde participan el Instituto Nacional del Agua, el grupo de investigación Biodiscos y el Laboratorio Central, División Agua y Efluentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas - UCC; la Compañía de Ingenieros Paracaidistas IV y Batallón de Inteligencia de la Segunda División de Ejército - Ejército Argentino; la Facultad de Biología y el Instituto de Virología Vanella - UNC y la Secretaría de Ambiente de la Provincia de Córdoba, entre otras. El objetivo general es la realización de los estudios integrales del lago San Roque para diagnosticar su estado, con el fin de proponer a la Gestión de Gobierno las medidas de mitigación de los problemas y las correspondientes acciones de prevención y control.Fil: Bustamante, María Alejandra. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Welter, Adriana Beatriz. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Re, Viviana Elizabeth. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Grumelli, Yanina Alejandra. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Wassaf, Maribel Graciela. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Castillo, Jorge Eduardo. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Díaz Panero, Mariángeles. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Aguirre, Belquis Pamela. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentin

A functional definition to distinguish ponds from lakes and wetlands

Ponds are often identified by their small size and shallow depths, but the lack of a universal evidence-based definition hampers science and weakens legal protection. Here, we compile existing pond definitions, compare ecosystem metrics (e.g., metabolism, nutrient concentrations, and gas fluxes) among ponds, wetlands, and lakes, and propose an evidence-based pond definition. Compiled definitions often mentioned surface area and depth, but were largely qualitative and variable. Government legislation rarely defined ponds, despite commonly using the term. Ponds, as defined in published studies, varied in origin and hydroperiod and were often distinct from lakes and wetlands in water chemistry. We also compared how ecosystem metrics related to three variables often seen in waterbody definitions: waterbody size, maximum depth, and emergent vegetation cover. Most ecosystem metrics (e.g., water chemistry, gas fluxes, and metabolism) exhibited nonlinear relationships with these variables, with average threshold changes at 3.7 ± 1.8 ha (median: 1.5 ha) in surface area, 5.8 ± 2.5 m (median: 5.2 m) in depth, and 13.4 ± 6.3% (median: 8.2%) emergent vegetation cover. We use this evidence and prior definitions to define ponds as waterbodies that are small (< 5 ha), shallow (< 5 m), with < 30% emergent vegetation and we highlight areas for further study near these boundaries. This definition will inform the science, policy, and management of globally abundant and ecologically significant pond ecosystems.Fil: Richardson, David C.. State University of New York at New Paltz; Estados UnidosFil: Holgerson, Meredith A.. Cornell University; Estados UnidosFil: Farragher, Matthew J.. University of Maine; Estados UnidosFil: Hoffman, Kathryn K.. No especifíca;Fil: King, Katelyn B. S.. Michigan State University; Estados UnidosFil: Alfonso, María Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: Andersen, Mikkel R.. No especifíca;Fil: Cheruveil, Kendra Spence. Michigan State University; Estados UnidosFil: Coleman, Kristen A.. University of York; Reino UnidoFil: Farruggia, Mary Jade. University of California at Davis; Estados UnidosFil: Fernandez, Rocio Luz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Hondula, Kelly L.. No especifíca;Fil: López Moreira Mazacotte, Gregorio A.. Leibniz - Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; AlemaniaFil: Paul, Katherine. No especifíca;Fil: Peierls, Benjamin L.. No especifíca;Fil: Rabaey, Joseph S.. University of Minnesota; Estados UnidosFil: Sadro, Steven. University of California at Davis; Estados UnidosFil: Sánchez, María Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Smyth, Robyn L.. No especifíca;Fil: Sweetman, Jon N.. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unido

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

American College of Rheumatology Provisional Criteria for Clinically Relevant Improvement in Children and Adolescents With Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

10.1002/acr.23834ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH715579-59

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake