The role of density and relatedness in wild juvenile Atlantic salmon growth

Growth is a key life-history trait in fish that is influenced by both abiotic (such as temperature and water chemistry) and biotic factors (such as density and food availability). Investigating how growth performance is influenced by such factors in the wild is important for understanding how population processes influence animals in natural environments and for predicting the response to conservation and management strategies that manipulate these conditions. The theory of kin selection predicts that significant growth and survival benefits are conferred upon animals associating with close relatives. However, resource competition may be more intense among close relatives, and little is known about the trade-off between these two processes under different ecological conditions. Here, we examine the correlation between naturally occurring densities and kin-biased growth rate using a species where kin recognition has a strong impact on behaviour in laboratory studies, but where, paradoxically, field investigations have failed to document predicted kin-biased growth or survival. Intra- and inter-family differences in growth rate of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were studied to examine how relatedness (groups of full-sibling fish and groups of mixed-sibling fish) and sibling group (family/genotype) affect salmon parr growth, and the correlation of growth rate under a range of naturally occurring densities. Parentage and relatedness of neighbouring fish were assigned using microsatellite and passive integrated transponder tags, which allowed the growth estimation of individual fish. The results show that growth rate was significantly influenced by both sibling group (family of origin) and also by an interaction between relatedness and density. The latter finding indicates that at higher densities, full-sibling groups achieved higher growth rates in comparison to mixed-sibling groups. Thus, the growth benefits of associating with relatives are not conferred under all ecological conditions, but it becomes most apparent at high density when resource competition is greatest

Minimal Invasive Ostheosintesis For Treatment Of Diaphiseal Transverse Humeral Shaft Fractures

Objective: To evaluate patients with transverse fractures of the shaft of the humerus treated with indirect reduction and internal fixation with plate and screws through minimally invasive technique. Methods: Inclusion criteria were adult patients with transverse diaphyseal fractures of the humerus closed, isolated or not occurring within 15 days of the initial trauma. Exclusion criteria were patients with compound fractures. Results: In two patients, proximal screw loosening occurred, however, the fractures consolidated in the same mean time as the rest of the series. Consolidation with up to 5 degrees of varus occurred in five cases and extension deficit was observed in the patient with olecranon fracture treated with tension band, which was not considered as a complication. There was no recurrence of infection or iatrogenic radial nerve injury. Conclusion: It can be concluded that minimally invasive osteosynthesis with bridge plate can be considered a safe and effective option for the treatment of transverse fractures of the humeral shaft. Level of Evidence III, Therapeutic Study.2229498Angelini, A.J., Livani, B., Flierl, M.A., Morgan, S.J., Belangero, W.D., Less invasive percutaneous wave plating of simple femur shaft fractures. A prospective series (2010) Int Orthop., 41 (6), pp. 624-628Heitemeyer, U., Claes, L., Hierholzer, G., Körber, M., Significance of postoperativestability for bony reparation of comminuted fractures. An experimental study Arch Orthop Trauma Surg., 1990 (3), pp. 144-149Gerber, C., Mast, J.W., Ganz, R., Biological internal fixation of fractures (1990) Arch Orthop Trauma Surg., 109 (6), pp. 295-303Miclau, T., Martin, R.E., The evolution of modern plate osteosynthesis (1997) Injury., 28 (SUPPL. 1), pp. A3-6Farouk, O., Krettek, C., Miclau, T., Schandelmaier, P., Guy, P., Tscherne, H., Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis and vascularity: preliminary results of a cadaver injection study (1997) Injury, 28 (SUPPL. 1), pp. A7-12Farouk, O., Krettek, C., Miclau, T., Schandelmaier, P., Guy, P., Tscherne, H., Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis: does percutaneous plating disrupt femoral blood supply less than the traditional technique? (1999) J Orthop Trauma., 13 (6), pp. 401-406Perren, S.M., Evolution of the internal fixation of long bone fractures. The scientific basis of biological internal fixation: choosing a new balance between stability and biology (2002) J Bone Joint Surg Br., 84 (8), pp. 1093-1110Livani, B., Belangero, W.D., Bridging plate osteosynthesis of humeral shaft fractures (2004) Injury., 35 (6), pp. 587-595Apivatthakakul, T., Arpornchayanon, O., Bavornratanavech, S., Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) of the humeral shaft fracture. Is it possible? A cadaveric study and preliminary report (2005) Injury., 36 (4), pp. 530-538Apivatthakakul, T., Patiyasikan, S., Luevitoonvechkit, S., Danger zone for locking screw placement in minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) of humeral shaft fractures: a cadaveric study (2010) Injury., 41 (2), pp. 169-172Livani, B., Belangero, W.D., Castro de Medeiros, R., Fractures of the distal third of the humerus with palsy of the radial nerve: management usingn minimally- invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (2006) J Bone Joint Surg Br., 88 (12), pp. 1625-1628Ziran, B.H., Belangero, W., Livani, B., Pesantez, R., Percutaneous plating of the humerus with locked plating: technique and case report (2007) J Trauma., 63 (1), pp. 205-210Schwarz, N., Windisch, M., Mayr, B., Minimally Invasive anterior plate osteosynthesis in humeral shaft fractures (2009) Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg., 35 (3), pp. 271-276Concha, J.M., Sandoval, A., Streubel, P.N., Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for humeral shaft fractures: are results reproducible? (2010) Int Orthop., 34 (8), pp. 1297-1305Hudak, P.L., Amadio, P.C., Bombardier, C., Development of an upper extremity outcome measure: the DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand) [corrected]. The Upper Extremity Collaborative Group (UECG) (1996) Am J Ind Med., 29 (6), pp. 602-608Thompson (1918) e Henry (1924 e 1966) - The humerus (2003) Surgical Exposures in Orthopaedics, pp. 67-103. , in: Hoppenfeld S., De Boer P., The anatomic Approach 3rd Ed;Charpter 2Livani, B., Belangero, W.D., Osteossíntese de fratura diafisária do úmero com placa em ponte: apresentação e descrição da técnica (2004) Acta Ortop Bras., 12 (2), pp. 113-117Gustilo, R.B., Anderson, J.T., Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analyses (1976) J Bone Joint Surg Am., 58 (4), pp. 453-458Gustilo, R.B., Mendoza, R.M., Williams, D.N., Problems in the management of type III (severe) open fractures: a new classification of type III open fractures (1984) J Trauma., 24 (8), pp. 742-746Benegas, E., Amódio, D.T., Correia, L.F.M., Malavolta, E.A., Ramadan, L.B., Ferreira Neto, A.A., Estudo comparativo prospectivo e randomizado entre o tratamento cirúrgico das fraturas diafisárias do úmero com placa em ponte e haste intra medular bloqueada (analise preliminar) (2007) Acta Ortop Bras., 15 (2), pp. 87-92Kobayashi, M., Watanabe, Y., Matsushita, T., Early full range of shoulder and elbow motion is possible after minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for humeral shaft fractures (2010) J Orthop Trauma., 24 (4), pp. 212-216Hunsaker, F.G., Cioffi, D.A., Amadio, P.C., Wright, J.G., Caughlin, B., The American academy of orthopaedic surgeons outcomes instruments: normative values from the general population (2002) J Bone Joint Surg Am., 84 (2), pp. 208-21

The thick-thin decomposition and the bilipschitz classification of normal surface singularities

We describe a natural decomposition of a normal complex surface singularity $(X,0)$ into its "thick" and "thin" parts. The former is essentially metrically conical, while the latter shrinks rapidly in thickness as it approaches the origin. The thin part is empty if and only if the singularity is metrically conical; the link of the singularity is then Seifert fibered. In general the thin part will not be empty, in which case it always carries essential topology. Our decomposition has some analogy with the Margulis thick-thin decomposition for a negatively curved manifold. However, the geometric behavior is very different; for example, often most of the topology of a normal surface singularity is concentrated in the thin parts. By refining the thick-thin decomposition, we then give a complete description of the intrinsic bilipschitz geometry of $(X,0)$ in terms of its topology and a finite list of numerical bilipschitz invariants.Comment: Minor corrections. To appear in Acta Mathematic

Large atom number dual-species magneto-optical trap for fermionic 6Li and 40K atoms

We present the design, implementation and characterization of a dual-species magneto-optical trap (MOT) for fermionic 6Li and 40K atoms with large atom numbers. The MOT simultaneously contains 5.2x10^9 6Li-atoms and 8.0x10^9 40K-atoms, which are continuously loaded by a Zeeman slower for 6Li and a 2D-MOT for 40K. The atom sources induce capture rates of 1.2x10^9 6Li-atoms/s and 1.4x10^9 40K-atoms/s. Trap losses due to light-induced interspecies collisions of ~65% were observed and could be minimized to ~10% by using low magnetic field gradients and low light powers in the repumping light of both atomic species. The described system represents the starting point for the production of a large-atom number quantum degenerate Fermi-Fermi mixture

Convex central configurations of the 4-body problem with two pairs of equal masses

Agraïments: The first and third authors are partially supported by FAPEMIG grant APQ-001082/14. The third author is partially supported by CNPq grant 472321/2013-7 and by FAPEMIG grant PPM-00516-15. The second and third autors are supported by CAPES CSF-PVE grant 88881.030454/2013-01.MacMillan and Bartky in 1932 proved that there is a unique isosceles trapezoid central configuration of the 4--body problem when two pairs of equal masses are located at adjacent vertices. After this result the following conjecture was well known between people working on central configurations: The isosceles trapezoid is the unique convex central configuration of the planar 4--body problem when two pairs of equal masses are located at adjacent vertices. We prove this conjecture

Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b, leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W' boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe

Search for new physics in events with opposite-sign leptons, jets, and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search is presented for physics beyond the standard model (BSM) in final states with a pair of opposite-sign isolated leptons accompanied by jets and missing transverse energy. The search uses LHC data recorded at a center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 5 inverse femtobarns. Two complementary search strategies are employed. The first probes models with a specific dilepton production mechanism that leads to a characteristic kinematic edge in the dilepton mass distribution. The second strategy probes models of dilepton production with heavy, colored objects that decay to final states including invisible particles, leading to very large hadronic activity and missing transverse energy. No evidence for an event yield in excess of the standard model expectations is found. Upper limits on the BSM contributions to the signal regions are deduced from the results, which are used to exclude a region of the parameter space of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. Additional information related to detector efficiencies and response is provided to allow testing specific models of BSM physics not considered in this paper.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO