INSTRUMENTS USED IN THE ASSESSMENT OF FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY, FRAILTY AND SARCOPENIA IN THE ELDERLY: INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Objective: to analyze the knowledge produced in the scientific literature on the instruments used to assess functional capacity, frailty, and sarcopenia in older adults. Method: integrative literature review, in the Cinahl, MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus databases, from 2012-2021. Data were extracted: authors, year, country of publication, type of study, sample characteristics, objective, results, and instruments. In addition, the methodological quality and level of evidence were assessed. Results: The final sample included 13 articles. The most used instruments were Lawton and Brody Index for functional capacity assessment; conceptual model of the frailty phenotype; and the conceptualization and diagnosis of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia.  Conclusion: The scientific evidence demonstrated the importance of using instruments to screen for these conditions that can interfere with the health of the elderly population, reinforcing the need to strengthen interprofessional care practices

Global, regional, and national burden of tuberculosis, 1990–2016: results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2016 Study

Background Although a preventable and treatable disease, tuberculosis causes more than a million deaths each year. As countries work towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target to end the tuberculosis epidemic by 2030, robust assessments of the levels and trends of the burden of tuberculosis are crucial to inform policy and programme decision making. We assessed the levels and trends in the fatal and non-fatal burden of tuberculosis by drug resistance and HIV status for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. Methods We analysed 15 943 site-years of vital registration data, 1710 site-years of verbal autopsy data, 764 site-years of sample-based vital registration data, and 361 site-years of mortality surveillance data to estimate mortality due to tuberculosis using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. We analysed all available data sources, including annual case notifications, prevalence surveys, population-based tuberculin surveys, and estimated tuberculosis cause-specific mortality to generate internally consistent estimates of incidence, prevalence, and mortality using DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool. We assessed how the burden of tuberculosis differed from the burden predicted by the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, average years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Findings Globally in 2016, among HIV-negative individuals, the number of incident cases of tuberculosis was 9·02 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8·05–10·16) and the number of tuberculosis deaths was 1·21 million (1·16–1·27). Among HIV-positive individuals, the number of incident cases was 1·40 million (1·01–1·89) and the number of tuberculosis deaths was 0·24 million (0·16–0·31). Globally, among HIV-negative individuals the age-standardised incidence of tuberculosis decreased annually at a slower rate (–1·3% [–1·5 to −1·2]) than mortality did (–4·5% [–5·0 to −4·1]) from 2006 to 2016. Among HIV-positive individuals during the same period, the rate of change in annualised age-standardised incidence was −4·0% (–4·5 to −3·7) and mortality was −8·9% (–9·5 to −8·4). Several regions had higher rates of age-standardised incidence and mortality than expected on the basis of their SDI levels in 2016. For drug-susceptible tuberculosis, the highest observed-to-expected ratios were in southern sub-Saharan Africa (13·7 for incidence and 14·9 for mortality), and the lowest ratios were in high-income North America (0·4 for incidence) and Oceania (0·3 for mortality). For multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, eastern Europe had the highest observed-to-expected ratios (67·3 for incidence and 73·0 for mortality), and high-income North America had the lowest ratios (0·4 for incidence and 0·5 for mortality). Interpretation If current trends in tuberculosis incidence continue, few countries are likely to meet the SDG target to end the tuberculosis epidemic by 2030. Progress needs to be accelerated by improving the quality of and access to tuberculosis diagnosis and care, by developing new tools, scaling up interventions to prevent risk factors for tuberculosis, and integrating control programmes for tuberculosis and HIV

DINAMIZANDO O ENSINO: DESENVOLVIMENTO DE JOGO DIDÁTICO

Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e aplicação do jogo didático "Decifrando a Revolução Industrial" como uma estratégia inovadora para dinamizar o ensino e promover uma aprendizagem significativa entre alunos do ensino médio. Diante a necessidade de explorar abordagens pedagógicas mais atrativas e interativas, o jogo foi concebido com o objetivo de engajar os estudantes de forma lúdica e colaborativa. A fundamentação teórica destaca o papel dos jogos didáticos na promoção da aprendizagem ativa, construtivista e participativa. A metodologia envolveu a elaboração do jogo, a confecção visual, a criação das perguntas e a aplicação em sala de aula. Os resultados revelaram engajamento dos alunos durante a atividade, além de uma compreensão sólida dos conceitos abordados. O jogo buscava estimular a colaboração entre os alunos, incentivar a resolução de problemas e proporcionar momentos de diversão e aprendizado. Conclui que o jogo didático, constitui em uma ferramenta valiosa para aprimorar o ensino, na promoção da inovação educacional e no desenvolvimento profissional dos futuros educadores

Infraestrutura e segurança no Parque Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS

O Parque Moinhos de Vento (PMV), fundado em 1972, está entre as áreas verdes mais importantes da cidade de Porto Alegre-RS, por isso, o presente artigo abordou a elaboração de um diagnóstico de Infraestrutura e Segurança no local. A partir deste estudo, foi verificada a existência e a qualificação dos serviços de segurança e itens de infraestrutura, conservação e segurança do público frequentador do PMV. Analisou-se qualitativamente a interação dos usuários frequentadores das dependências do PMV que esboçaram opiniões acerca da segurança local, denotando interesse em buscar formas que eliminem ou minimizem impactos e vulnerabilidades dos indivíduos, meio ambiente e do mobiliário. A pesquisa elencou alguns aspectos a serem melhorados na infraestrutura e conservação, como a falta de padronização na sinalização das lixeiras distribuídas; alguns obstáculos no playground, brinquedos sem identificação de faixa etária, escorregadores sem caixa de areia, pouca iluminação; irregularidades no piso; falta de acesso para deficientes ou pessoas com dificuldades de locomoção. Com o tratamento dos dados levantados será possível sugerir aos gestores melhorias em diferentes aspectos do, contribuindo para a Gestão Ambiental do local

Primary Intestinal Fibrosarcoma in Cats

Background: Fibrosarcomas are malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origin and can have different symptoms depending on the species, age, location and etiopathogenesis. Intestinal tumors in domestic cats are common and the small intestine is the most common site; however, fibrosarcomas are rare in the intestine of all animal species. This work reports intestinal fibrosarcoma in 2 domestic cats and aims to clarify and present information concerning this neoplastic type in the gastrointestinal tract of this species.Cases: We report 2 cases of intestinal fibrosarcoma in domestic felines (Felis catus). Cat 1. A 14-year-old female Persian breed, domestic cat, was taken to the Feline Sector of the Veterinary Hospital of Small Animals (HVPA) of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). The main complaint was chronic constipation and rectal prolapse. The clinical examination revealed an ulcerated mass, measuring 4.0 cm x 1.7 cm. Cat 2. A 10-year-old female undefined breed, domestic cat, was taken to the private clinic. The main complaint was diarrhea with bloody and rectal prolapse. The clinical examination revealed nodule measuring 2.5 cm in diameter. The surgical option decided upon was to use the rectal pull-through technique in both animals. The patients had no trans-surgical or postoperative complications. The material collected during the surgical interventions was analyzed macroscopically and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 24 h and then sent to the Histopathology Laboratory of the Pathological Anatomy Sector (SAP) at UFRRJ for the cat 1 and in private laboratoryfor the cat 2. After fixation, it was cleaved for routine microscope exam using Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) stains and for the histochemical method of Masson’s Trichrome staining technique. Complementary immunohistochemistry tests and electron microscopy were also performed. The patients were followed up clinically, showing complete remission of the clinical signs and survival for approximately 1 year after the neoplastic resection. Discussion: There are few reports of intestinal fibrosarcomas in veterinary medicine, therefore, little is known about racial predilection, age, sex or biological behavior. As far as these authors know, this is the 6th and 7th report of this neoplasm with a primary site in the large intestine in this species. The morphological diagnosis of fibrosarcoma is relatively simple, whereas, in some cases the differential diagnosis for tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath, leiomyosarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) can be extremely difficult. The immunohistochemistry technique in these cases may not be particularly useful. The fibrosarcoma diagnosis was also confirmed by electron microscopy since no evidence was found that could lead to a neuronal origin, thus excluding tumors such as neurofibrosarcoma and schawnoma, corroborating the immunohistochemical examination. The surgical management of tumor resection with wide safety margins (minimum 2 cm) remains the “gold standard” therapy for dealing with fibrosarcomas since they have a low response rate to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and the use of these therapies as an adjuvant is controversial. The advantages of thistechnique are related to the surgical time, simplicity, easy access and reduction in the risk of abdominal contamination. Histopathological, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy evaluations were sufficient to enable the diagnosis of an intestinal fibrosarcoma in both cats. The occurrence of this neoplasm with intestinal involvement in the feline species is rare; therefore, this description is important as it provides information about epidemiology, associated signs, differential diagnoses, biological behavior, treatment and prognosis. Keywords: feline, intestine, mesenchymal, tumors, neoplasm, rectal pull-through

Mycorrhizal fungi arbuscular in forage grasses cultivated in Cerrado soil

Funder: Instituto Federal GoianoFunder: Evangelical Educational AssociationAbstractThe Cerrado is one of the most important regions for agricultural development in the world and is the main productive breadbasket of the Americas. One of the main agricultural activities in the region is high-tech livestock. Cerrado soils are predominantly low in fertility, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play a fundamental role in plant nutrition in this biome. Understanding the behavior of mycorrhizal fungi in the soil under pasture is essential for the development of more efficient and sustainable management practices. Thus, this work aims to verify the activity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different species of forage grasses cultivated in cerrado soil. To measure mycorrhizal activity, soil spore density factors and mycorrhizal colonization rates in roots of 14 forage grass genotypes were investigated. No significant differences were identified in spore density values between the investigated genotypes. Panicum maximum cv and Mombasa showed the lowest values of mycorrhizal colonization, and the highest values were found in the roots of Brachiaria decumbens. Among the identified genera associated with the rhizosphere of the genotypes studied, Gigaspora, Scutelospora and Sclerocysts are less frequent, which indicates that the association with these fungal genera is less recurrent than with the others.</jats:p

“Plantas daninhas” da Caatinga, uma abordagem florística

This work aimed an analysis of studies on the floristics of the plants considered weeds present in the crops of Caatinga. Data were obtained from 40 scientific articles from academic journals available on the Google Scholar online platform. Morphological, ecological and biogeographical information of the species was collected, also evaluating the similarity and regression analysis of the sampled areas. 179 species were identified, 55 of them are considered exotic. In the floristic assemblages, herbaceous, therophytic, autochorous and pantropical species predominated. The evaluated agrosystems adopted low similarity among themselves, revealing more heterogeneous floras than expected, not following the model foreseen in the The Theory of Island Biogeography. The regression analysis indicated a non-significant relationship between geographic distance and the Jaccard index. Thus, the results show that weeds in the Caatinga, despite being composed of generalist species with wide geographical distribution, their assemblages are structured differently.Este trabajo realizó un análisis de estudios sobre florística de plantas consideradas dañinas, presentes en cultivos en la Caatinga. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través de 40 artículos científicos de revistas académicas disponibles en plataformas on-line de Google Académico. Fueron levantadas informaciones morfológicas, ecológicas y biogeográficas de las especies, evaluando también la similitud y análisis de regresión de las áreas muestreadas. 179 especies fueron identificadas, siendo 55 de estas consideradas exóticas. En los ensambles florísticos predominaron especies herbáceas, terófitas, autocóricas y pantropicales. Los agrosistemas evaluados presentaron baja similitud entre sí, revelando floras más heterogéneas de lo que era esperado, no siguiendo el modelo previsto en la Teoría de Biogeografía de Islas. El análisis de regresión indicó relación no significativa entre distancia geográfica y el Índice de Similitud de Jaccard. De esta forma, los resultados muestran que plantas dañinas, en la Caatinga, a pesar de ser compuestas por especies generalistas y de amplia distribución geográfica, sus ensambles son estructurados de forma distinta.Este trabalho realizou uma análise de estudos sobre florística de plantas consideradas daninhas presentes em cultivos na Caatinga. Os dados foram obtidos através de 40 artigos científicos de periódicos acadêmicos disponíveis na plataforma on-line do Google Acadêmico. Foram levantadas informações morfológicas, ecológicas e biogeográficas das espécies, avaliando também a similaridade e análise de regressão das áreas amostradas. 179 espécies foram identificadas, sendo 55 destas consideradas exóticas. Nas assembleias florísticas predominaram espécies herbáceas, terófitas, autocóricas e pantropicais. Os agrossistemas avaliados apresentaram baixa similaridade entre si, revelando floras mais heterogêneas do que o esperado, não seguindo o modelo previsto na Teoria de Biogeografia de Ilhas. A análise de regressão indicou relação não significativa entre distância geográfica e o Índice de Similaridade de Jaccard. Desse modo, os resultados mostram que plantas daninhas, na Caatinga, apesar de serem compostas por espécies generalistas e de ampla distribuição geográfica, suas assembleias são estruturadas de forma distintas.