Modelación del crecimiento de pollos de engorda criados en pastoreo o confinamiento

Objective: To evaluate the growth of pasture or confinement-raised broiler chickens, using the Gompertz, Logistic and Richards models, and identify the most appropriate. Methodology: One hundred ten straight-run broilers Ross 308 were distributed in two systems: pasture or confinement. Birds were weighed every week until 56 d of age. Three growth models (Gompertz, Logistic and Richards) were considered and compared based on three goodness of fit criteria (coefficient of determination, Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion). Results: The initial (L) and exponential (K) growth rates of the Gompertz and Logistic models, respectively, were higher in confined birds (L = 0.1232, K = 0.0779) compared to those raised in pasture (L = 0.0944 , K = 0.0657). The maximum relative growth (K) of the Richards model was lower in chickens in confinement (0.0129) than in pasture system (0.0153). With the three models, higher asymptotic weights (WA) were estimated for confined chickens (3,967.1 to 9,095.5) compared to pasture birds (2,461.7 to 5,192.6). According to the criteria considered, the Richards model had the best fit. Implications of study: The results are only valid for straight-run Ross 308 broiler chickens and under the specified management conditions. Findings: The growth of pasture or confinement-raised broiler chickens can be described with the Gompertz, Logistic and Richards models, however, the latter has a better fit.Objetivo: Evaluar el crecimiento de pollos de engorda criados en pastoreo o confinamiento, mediante los modelos Gompertz, Logístico y Richards, e identificar el más adecuado. Metodología: Ciento diez pollos de engorda mixtos Ross 308 se distribuyeron en dos sistemas de crianza: pastoreo o confinamiento. Semanalmente se obtuvo el peso corporal de cada ave, hasta los 56 d de edad. Tres modelos de crecimiento (Gompertz, Logístico y Richards) fueron considerados y se compararon con base en tres criterios de bondad de ajuste (coeficiente de determinación, criterio de información de Akaike y criterio de información Bayesiano). Resultados: Las tasas de crecimiento inicial (L) y exponencial (K) de los modelos Gompertz y Logístico, respectivamente, fueron mayores en las aves en confinamiento (L = 0.1232, K = 0.0779) respecto a las criadas en pastoreo (L = 0.0944, K = 0.0657). El máximo crecimiento relativo (K) del modelo Richards fue menor en pollos en confinamiento (0.0129) que en pastoreo (0.0153). Con los tres modelos, se estimaron mayores pesos asintóticos (WA) para los pollos en confinamiento (3,967.1 a 9,095.5) respecto a las aves en pastoreo (2,461.7 a 5,192.6). De acuerdo a los criterios considerados, el modelo Richards es el que tiene un mejor ajuste.         Implicaciones del estudio: Los resultados obtenidos sólo son válidos para pollos de engorda mixtos Ross 308 y bajo las condiciones de manejo especificadas. Conclusión: El crecimiento de pollos de engorda criados en confinamiento o pastoreo, puede describirse con los modelos Gompertz, Logístico y Richards, sin embargo, este último tiene un mejor ajuste

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Antinociceptive Synergism of Pomegranate Peel Extract and Acetylsalicylic Acid in an Animal Pain Model

Several modern drugs, which are derived from traditional herbal medicine are used in contemporary pharmacotherapy. Currently, the study of drug–plant interactions in pain has increased in recent years, looking for greater efficacy of the drug and reduce side effects. The antinociception induced by intragastric co-administration of the combination of pomegranate peel extract (PoPEx) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was assessed using the isobolographic analysis in formalin test (nociceptive and inflammatory pain). The effective dose that produced 30% of antinociception (ED30) was calculated for both drugs from the logarithmic dose–response curves, subsequently generating a curve with the combination on fixed proportions (1:1) of PoPEx and ASA. Through isobolographic analysis, this experimental ED30 was compared with the calculated theoretical additive ED30. The result was a synergistic interaction, the experimental ED30 was significantly smaller (p &lt; 0.05) than the theoretical ED30. The antinociceptive mechanism of the PoPEx-ASA combination involves the l-Arginine/NO/cGMP pathway, antioxidant capacity, and high content of total phenols. These findings suggest that an interaction between PoPEx and ASA could be a novel treatment for inflammatory and nociceptive pain, also diminish the secondary reactions of ASA

Habitabilidad y política de vivienda

En esta obra, en la que participan destacados investigadores y profesores, dedicados al estudio de la problemática habitacional se presentan diferentes análisis que permiten conocer cuales son las condiciones de habitabilidad y las características de la actual política de vivienda de México. En sus capítulos se abordan los principales desafíos que enfrentan las familias mexicanas para acceder a una vivienda digna y decorosa y cuales son los retos económicos, políticos, territoriales, arquitectónicos, ambientales, financieros y culturales de las formas de producción habitacional en México y en otros países, en el marco de una sociedad global

Comparison of international normalized ratio audit parameters in patients enrolled in GARFIELD-AF and treated with vitamin K antagonists

Vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) requires monitoring of the international normalized ratio (INR). We evaluated the agreement between two INR audit parameters, frequency in range (FIR) and proportion of time in the therapeutic range (TTR), using data from a global population of patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular AF, the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD\u2013Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF). Among 17\ua0168 patients with 1-year follow-up data available at the time of the analysis, 8445 received VKA therapy (\ub1antiplatelet therapy) at enrolment, and of these patients, 5066 with 653 INR readings and for whom both FIR and TTR could be calculated were included in the analysis. In total, 70\ua0905 INRs were analysed. At the patient level, TTR showed higher values than FIR (mean, 56\ub70% vs 49\ub78%; median, 59\ub77% vs 50\ub70%). Although patient-level FIR and TTR values were highly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient [95% confidence interval; CI], 0\ub7860 [0\ub7852\u20130\ub7867]), estimates from individuals showed widespread disagreement and variability (Lin's concordance coefficient [95% CI], 0\ub7829 [0\ub7821\u20130\ub7837]). The difference between FIR and TTR explained 17\ub74% of the total variability of measurements. These results suggest that FIR and TTR are not equivalent and cannot be used interchangeably