Impacto del uso del móvil en la seguridad vial

Este estudio del uso del móvil al volante se ha llevado a cabo realizando encuestas a distintas personas, de cualquier sexo o edad (siempre que tengan el permiso de conducir). El fin de este trabajo es, además de reflejar que cada día mas gente usa el móvil mientras conduce, concienciar a la gente que pueda leer este trabajo del peligro del uso al volante. Para ello he tratado de contrastar los resultados de las preguntas realizadas con artículos y estadísticas de la DGT e importantes revistas de automovilismo. Los datos que se van a ver reflejados en este trabajo han sido obtenidos de manera confidencial y pidiéndole a los encuestados que contesten con la mayor sinceridad posible pues las respuestas no van a ser utilizadas en su contra, solo han sido utilizadas para el estudio en cuestión. La encuesta fue realizada mediante los formularios de Google y las preguntas están en el anexo adjunto al trabajo.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Ingeniería de las Tecnologías Industriale

Optimal refrigerant mixture in single-stage high-temperature heat pumps based on a multiparameter evaluation

High-temperature heat pumps (HTHPs) are compression systems that convert residual heat to high-grade heat used in several industrial applications. Refrigerants for HTHPs are still not explored, and most studies consider only pure refrigerants. This study carries out a general screening of binary and ternary mixtures for HTHPs through a multiparameter optimization based on low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants that are feasible for operating at higher temperatures. The proposed methodology considers several parameters such as coefficient of performance, volumetric heating capacity, flammability, GWP, and perfect glide matching. The blends were required to have a critical temperature above 150 °C and to provide high energy performance to diminish the indirect carbon footprint. No ideal mixture was found for every parameter, so a trade-off solution was required. The most critical variable was flammability, reducing the coefficient of performance significantly if the ASHRAE Std 34 A1 restriction had to be fulfilled. Finally, different mixtures are given as the bests based on the main optimizable parameter. The most promising ones which comply with the environmental restriction were R-1233zd(E) and R-1336mzz(Z) based mixtures.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume

Analyse semi-empirique de la conversion des syst`emes frigorifiques des supermarch´es aux HFC avec des configurations avanc´ees du point de vue ´energ´etique, environnemental et ´economique

F-gas phase-down schedules will remove most of the HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) used in refrigeration systems in the short term. Besides refrigerant substitution, configuration modifications can be considered in existing installations to increase energy efficiency. Basic cycle, direct injection, economiser, parallel compression, and cascade configurations with internal heat exchanger have been proposed to increase the energy efficiency of a supermarket refrigeration system when replacing R-404A with R-449A at low and medium temperatures. Both systems are based on indirect expansion and are equipped with a subcooler. Their regular operation was recorded using R-404A and R-449A during a representative period. Then, a semi-empirical approach is followed to determine R-449A energy performance with each proposed configuration. Only parallel compression (PC) and basic cycle with internal heat exchanger (IHX) benefit energy performance, highlighting the medium temperature (MT) system. However, this benefit is not extended to the environmental analysis because the R-449A charge in PC significantly increases. Moreover, additional PC components extend the expected payback period, and a drop-in replacement is financially more interesting. Therefore, using R-449A with minor modifications in the MT and LT R-404A refrigeration system decreases 52% and 60% carbon footprint, respectively. The payback period of this action is below one year in both circuits. This study provides a semi-empirical methodology for existing systems to predict alternative refrigerants’ energy performanceFunding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume

Effect of decoupling hydraulic and solid retention times on carbohydrate-rich residue valorization into carboxylic acids

This research assessed the effect of decoupling hydraulic retention time (HRT) and solid retention time (SRT) on the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) via anaerobic fermentation of beet molasses. The performance of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR, STR = HTR = 30 days) and two anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (AnSBR) with decoupled STR (30 days) and HRT (20 and 10 days) was compared. Previously, a temperature study in batch reactors (25, 35, and 55 °C) revealed 25 °C as the optimal temperature to maximize the VFAs yield and the long-chain VFAs (> C4) production, being selected for the continuous reactors operation. An HRT of 20 days in AnSBR led to an enhancement in bioconversion efficiency into VFAs (55.5% chemical oxygen demand basis) compared to the CSTR (34.9%). In contrast, the CSTR allowed the production of valuable caproic acid (25.4% vs 4.1% w/w of total VFAs in AnSBR). Decreasing further the HRT to 10 days in AnSBR was detrimental in terms of bioconversion efficiency (21.7%) due to primary intermediates (lactate) accumulation. By decoupling HRT and SRT, VFAs were maximized, revealing HRT as an effective tool to drive specific conversion routes (butyrate- or lactate-fermentation)

Propuesta de las condiciones de las aplicaciones móviles, para la construcción de un entorno de accesibilidad personal para usuarios con discapacidad visual en las Smart Cities

Los nuevos avances tecnológicos y el uso de nuevas aplicaciones móviles permiten acceder a múltiples posibilidades en las Smart Cities. Sin embargo, el uso de la tecnología no resuelve por sí misma problemas de inclusión de ciudadanos que, por sus condiciones sociales o personales, no pueden utilizarlas adecuadamente. También, estas personas quedan incapacitadas, aún más, para participar como ciudadanos activos en su ciudad. Creando nuevas barreras no arquitectónicas, sino tecnológicas, que son más difíciles de comprender. Este estudio emplea la observación directa de personas con baja visión o ceguera, para comprobar las dificultades y necesidades que presentan en el uso de distintas aplicaciones en los sistemas Android e iOS. Y como resultados se comprueba que todos ellos necesitan aplicaciones complementarias, que en muchos casos no son compatibles con las diseñadas para el resto de personas. Y que, por tanto, no pueden acceder a todos los recursos de la Smart City. Para solucionarlo se propone la creación de un Entorno de Accesibilidad Personal (PAE), a través del cual se le permite el acceso al conjunto de todos los contenidos necesarios para interactuar con el entorno en el que se encuentra.New technological advances and use of new mobile applications facilitate a easy access to multiple possibilities in smart cities. However, the use of technology does not solve inclusion problems of citizens who, due to their social or personal conditions, cannot use them adequately. Also, these people are incapacitated, even more, to participate as active citizens in their city. Creating a new nonarchitectural barriers, but technological ones, which are more difficult to understand. This study employs the direct observation of people with low vision or blindness, to check the difficulties and needs they present in the use of different applications from Android and iOS systems. And as results, it is verified that all of them need complementary applications, which in many cases are not compatible with those designed for other people. And therefore, they cannot access to all the resources in the smart city. To solve it is proposed the creation of a Personal Accessibility Environment (PAE) to allow an access to a set of all necessary contents to interact with the environment in their locations

Sustitución del R-404A en un sistema de refrigeración de media y baja temperatura mediante ciclos de compresión paralela con el R-449A

Este trabajo amplía el análisis operacional de un sistema de refrigeración comercial con niveles de temperatura media (MT) y temperatura baja (LT). El objetivo es cuantificar los beneficios de un rediseño del sistema utilizando arquitecturas avanzadas de compresión de vapor. La configuración comparada con el sistema de referencia (ciclo básico con subenfriador, con R-449A) es una compresión paralela (PC) con intercambiador recalentamiento- subenfriamiento (IRS o IHX en inglés) y subenfriador. En el sistema MT se produce un beneficio apreciable con la configuración de compresión paralela (PC). En el sistema LT la configuración PC no supera los beneficios energéticos causados por un simple reemplazo del R-404A por el R-449A sin modificar la configuración. El bajo factor de emisiones de Suecia hace que las emisiones directas predominen en el análisis TEWI

Bile duct injury in an anatomical variant of the posterior right hepatic duct draining in the cystic duct: case report

During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, several factors increase the likelihood of bile duct injury (BDI). The most common cause of BDI during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an inappropriate identification of the critical view of safety associated with acute and chronic inflammation, obesity, haemorrhage, and anatomical variants. Of all anatomic variants of the biliary tree, Blumgart type F has been reported as the least common, but allegedly it carries the biggest risk of BDI. We present the case of a 45-year-old woman with acute cholecystitis subjected to laparoscopic cholecystectomy with Strasberg type C injury in association with a Blumgart F variation confirmed by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. The anatomical variant was identified during the surgical procedure but the BDI was diagnosed postoperatively. Intraoperative identification and treatment of the injury confers a better prognosis to the patient. Management of a BDI on a Blumgart F variant can be challenging and must be targeted to the individual case. Safety measures to prevent such injuries must be promoted by institutions

Estrategias de apoyo para la gestión de la actividad contratistas de maquinaria agrícola del NE de La Pampa

Las empresas contratistas del norte de La Pampa no poseen un sistema de gestión administrativa que les permita conocer sus resultados económicos- financieros, impidiéndoles estimar lo costos operativos por hectárea y dificultando la negociación de las tarifas de los servicios que brindan., El objetivo fue desarrollar una plataforma web para la carga, cálculos y análisis de gestión económica, en forma individual y grupal; para generar indicadores económicos financieros a partir de la estructura de costos, según los servicios brindados, campañas y cultivos realizados. La construcción de la plataforma web y la carga de datos del ejercicio 2016/2017, permitió generar información grupal e individual; consolidando un espacio participativo entre el grupo de contratistas y las instituciones participantes. Esta articulación le da sustento a los aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos de la gestión económica, permitiendo continuar con la evolución de las herramientas informáticas, aportando a la mejora en la toma de decisiones de los involucrados.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Mobile Health: general concepts and its potential to be implemented in Cuba

Introduction: the use of Digital and Communication Technologies are currently part of the daily activities of society. Mobile health (mHealth) is one of the most developed nowadays, on one hand, due to the new normality generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, but also far away, due to the relevant advantages acquired for mobile telephone technologies over other technologies. Objective: to systematize the theories concerning mobile health and to assess its developing potential in Cuba. Method: a documentary analysis was carried out in response to the authors' information needs, comprising three phases: exploration of the priority areas and the current problematic issues, determination of the essential ideas sit in the documents consulted and which provide the general meaning included in those documents and, as a third phase implemented, it was included the systematization of the information obtained to update the new information contained in the current article. Results: general aspects, such as: Mobile health in Cuba in line with the country's technological development, Safety and use compatibility, legal aspects for properly development were described; aspects which help in the process of creating mobile health applications. It was also proposed the Mobincube platform, as an easy to learn and use tool for health professionals, allowing them to create their own applications without the need for programming. Conclusions: Cuba has sufficient technological and intellectual development to venture into the development of mobile health field. The main challenge is to gain sufficient informatics culture among Cuban health professionals in the field of mobile health

Estrategias de apoyo para la gestión de la actividad contratistas de maquinaria agrícola del NE de La Pampa

Las empresas contratistas del norte de La Pampa no poseen un sistema de gestión administrativa que les permita conocer sus resultados económicos- financieros, impidiéndoles estimar lo costos operativos por hectárea y dificultando la negociación de las tarifas de los servicios que brindan., El objetivo fue desarrollar una plataforma web para la carga, cálculos y análisis de gestión económica, en forma individual y grupal; para generar indicadores económicos financieros a partir de la estructura de costos, según los servicios brindados, campañas y cultivos realizados. La construcción de la plataforma web y la carga de datos del ejercicio 2016/2017, permitió generar información grupal e individual; consolidando un espacio participativo entre el grupo de contratistas y las instituciones participantes. Esta articulación le da sustento a los aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos de la gestión económica, permitiendo continuar con la evolución de las herramientas informáticas, aportando a la mejora en la toma de decisiones de los involucrados.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ