Microcentrum tecactli, nueva especie de Phaneropteridae (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) del noreste de México

Microcentrum tecactli n. sp., Barrientos-Lozano, Fernández-Azuara & Rocha-Sánchez, 2018, is described from specimens collected in the Huasteca region in the State of Hidalgo Mexico. Microcentrum tecactli exhibits affinities with Microcentrum rhombifolium (Saussure, 1859). However, it differs in morphological and acoustic characters. In males the length of the stridulatory file is 4.2 mm with ca. 62 teeth vs. 4 mm ca. 55 teeth in M. rhombifolium; the subgenital plate is distally more produced, the styles are shorter and diverging; the cerci are distally narrower, and the internal genitalia is different. Lone males produce two types of acoustic signals: i) a calling song that consists of a regular buzz made up of a single syllable (one Pulse Train Group), average duration 155±38 ms (78-212 ms) (3 males; n=29 samples one min each), with inter-syllable interval (Major Interval=MaI) of 1483±364 ms (115-2394 ms). Frequency spectrum is between 4 to >30 kHz, peak frequency (fi) is at 6-16 kHz. Syllables repetition rate is 48±4.36/min (43-55; n=10 samples one min each). ii) Sequence of ticks made up of two paired-phrases with an average duration of 7.53±0.16 s (3 males; n=5 paired-sequences of ticks); phrases 1 and 2 average duration is similar in each sequence, 2.3±0 s. The number of pulses per phrase is also the same in both phrases: 29 ±0 each. Major interval duration between sequences of ticks of two paired-phrases is 5.37±2.75 s. Minor interval duration between phrases 1 and 2 is 1.42±0.12 s (1.27-1.51). Frequency range is between 4 to >30 kHz, after 30 kHz the amount of energy is minimal. Dominant frequency spectrum ranges from 4 to 22 kHz and peak frequency (fi) is at 6-16 kHz. Repetition rate of tick-paired sequences is 0.1/s (6/min); in four paired-sequences of ticks the repetition rate of pulses/ticks in phrases 1 and 2 was the same, 12.6/s each one.Se describe Microcentrum tecactli n. sp., Barrientos-Lozano, Fernández-Azuara & Rocha-Sánchez, 2018, de ejemplares recolectados en la huasteca hidalguense en México. Microcentrum tecactli n. sp., presenta afinidades con Microcentrum rhombifolium (Saussure, 1859). No obstante, difiere de ésta en caracteres morfológicos y acústicos. Los machos producen dos tipos de señales acústicas: i) el canto de llamado que consiste de un siseo regular, de una sola sílaba, cuya duración promedio es de 155±38 ms (78-212 ms) (3 machos; n=29 muestras de un min cada una), con intervalo entre sílabas (Intervalo Mayor=IMa) de 1483±364 ms (115-2394 ms). El rango de frecuencia es de 4 a >30 kHz y la frecuencia pico (fi) de 6-16 kHz. La tasa de repetición de sílabas es de 48±4.36/min (43-55; n=10 muestras de un min cada una). ii) Secuencias de pulsaciones/tics de dos frases-pares con duración promedio de 7.53±0.16 s (3 machos; n=5 secuencias-pares de pulsaciones/tics); la duración promedio de las frases 1 y 2 es igual en cada secuencia, 2.3±0 s. El número de pulsaciones por frase es también igual en ambas frases, en cada secuencia: 29±0. El intervalo mayor entre secuencias de pulsaciones de dos frases-pares es de 5.37± 2.75 s. El intervalo menor entre las frases 1 y 2 es de 1.42±0.12 s (1.27-1.51 s). El rango de frecuencia y la frecuencia pico (fi) coinciden con las del canto de llamado. La tasa de repetición de secuencias de pulsaciones-pares es de 0.1/s (6/min), en cuatro secuencias de pulsaciones-pares la tasa de repetición de pulsaciones/s en las frases 1 y 2 fue igual, 12.6 en cada una

Señal acústica y redescripción de Gongrocnemis (Gongrocnemis) munda Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

En los ortópteros de la superfamilia Tettigonioidea las señales acústicas son de especial interés, ya que juegan un papel importante en el apareamiento y están involucradas en el reconocimiento intraespecífico macho-hembra. La señal acústica de llamado permite al macho atraer individuos del sexo opuesto a corta o larga distancia. En este trabajo se presenta la señal acústica de llamado de Gongrocnemis (Gongrocnemis) munda (Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae) y se hace una breve redescripción de esta especie, en particular de la hembra, no descrita previamente. Ejemplares de G. (G.) munda se recolectaron en San Felipe Orizatlán (1♂: 1♀; 27.XI.2017) e Ixcatlán, Huejutla de Reyes (2♂: 2♀; 22.I.2013), Hidalgo, México. G. (G.) mexicana se recolectó en Cd. del Maíz, San Luis Potosí (1♀; 19.VII.2003). Los machos producen la señal acústica de llamado principalmente durante la noche y está compuesta por pares de equemas que se emiten ininterrumpidamente por periodos de una hora o más. Machos de G. (G.) munda producen 6.0 ± 0.9 (d.e) equemas/min (n=30 min; tres machos, 10 min cada uno). La duración por equema-par es de 3.97 ± (d.e) 1.2 s (2.7-8.0 s) (n=30 equemas-pares). El análisis de frecuencia muestra la mayor liberación de energía de 16-40 kHz, con una fi pico de 20-38 kHz. La hembra es similar al macho, pero más robusta. El color general del cuerpo es verde oliváceo con matices color crema y manchas marrón obscuro. La longitud es de 32.7 ± 1.5 mm (n=3). Esta especie habita selva mediana y bosque de encino, se encuentra generalmente sobre la copa o el tronco de los árboles. Durante el día permanecen quietos y ocultos, siendo activos por la noche.In the Orthoptera of the superfamily Tettigonioidea acoustic signals are of special interest since they play an important role in the process of pair formation and are directly involved in intraspecific male-female recognition. The calling signal usually allows the male to attract individuals of the opposite sex at short or long distance. In this work, we present the acoustic signal of Gongrocnemis (Gongrocnemis) munda (Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae) and provide a brief redescription of this species, in particular of the female not formally described previously. Specimens of G. (G.) munda were collected in San Felipe Orizatlán, (1♂: 1♀; 27.XI.2017) and Ixcatlán, Huejutla de Reyes (2♂: 2♀; 22.I.2013), Hidalgo, México. G. (G.) mexicana was collected in Ciudad del Maíz, San Luis Potosí (1♀; 19.VII.2003). Males produce the calling acoustic signal mainly at night, and it is composed of paired-echemes. The acoustic signal may be produced uninterruptedly for long periods, 1 h or more. Males of G. (G.) munda produce 6.0 ± 0.9 (s.d) echemes per minute (n=30 min; three males, 10 min each). Duration per paired-echeme is 3.97 ± (s.d) 1.2 s (2.7-8.0 s) (n=30 echemes). Frequency analysis showed the highest energy release between 16-40 kHz, with a fi peak in the range of 20-38 kHz. The female is similar to the male, but more robust. The general body color is olive-green, with cream spots and brown marks. The average length is 32.7 ± 1.5 mm (n=3). The ecosystem this species lives on is tropical evergreen and oak forest; it is found usually on the foliage or trunk of trees. During the day, adults remain quiet and hidden, being active at night

Cryptic new species of Nesoecia Scudder, 1893 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae Pseudophyllinae) from northeastern, Mexico

Barrientos-Lozano, Ludivina, Rocha-Sánchez, Aurora Y., Fernández- Azuara, Geovany J., Sánchez-Reyes, Uriel Jeshua, Almaguer-Sierra, Pedro (2020): Cryptic new species of Nesoecia Scudder, 1893 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae Pseudophyllinae) from northeastern, Mexico. Zootaxa 4859 (4): 451-486, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4859.4.

New species of the genus Caloxiphus Saussure & Pictet, 1898 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from the Huasteca Region, Hidalgo, Mexico

Barrientos-Lozano, Ludivina, Fernández-Azuara, Geovany J., Rocha-Sánchez, Aurora Y., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro, Sánchez-Reyes, Uriel Jeshua, Almaguer-Sierra, Pedro (2020): New species of the genus Caloxiphus Saussure & Pictet, 1898 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from the Huasteca Region, Hidalgo, Mexico. Zootaxa 4751 (2): 333-344, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4751.2.

Caloxiphus cuicani Barrientos-Lozano & Fernández-Azuara & Rocha-Sánchez & Zaldívar-Riverón & Sánchez-Reyes & Almaguer-Sierra 2020, n. sp.

Caloxiphus cuicani n. sp. Barrientos-Lozano & Fernández-Azuara (Figs. 11 –30) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 77B65162-423D-461C-BDEC-FCB0139542CC Examined material. Holotype ♂. Mexico, Hidalgo, Huazalingo, Tlamamala, 1300masl, 09.X.2015. 20°58’14.0’’N 98°32’52.3’’W, leg. Fernández-Azuara G. J. Paratypes. 1 ♂, 2 ♀, same data as holotype. Diagnosis. C. cuicani n. sp., may be compared also with C. championi (see Cigliano et al., 2020; http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/ShowAllImages.aspx). It differs from the latter species as follows: larger size (males 28.5 ± SD 0.2 mm: females 34.0 ± SD 1.7 mm vs. 25 mm C. championi females) (Figs. 11, 21: 22, 30). Tegmina are shorter (males 13.1 ± 0.05: females 14.6 ± 1.5 mm vs. 18.5 mm in C. championi females) in lateral view they are lanceolate and the distal apex is more acute (Figs. 11, 21, 22, 30). Pronotum (Figs. 14a, 14b, 25) is broader, more densely granulated and granules are more conspicuous; both, the anterior and posterior margins are moderately produced and possess each a small size tubercle about mid-portion. Females’ cerci, subgenital plate, and carinae on ovipositor are also different (Figs. 27–29) from C. championi (see Cigliano et al., 2020; http://orthoptera. speciesfile.org/ Common/basic/ ShowAllImages.aspx). Male description (Figs. 11–21). General body color (Figs. 11, 21) brownish with dark green marks on face, pronotum, abdomen, and legs. Fastigium of vertex (Fig. 12) sub-triangular, proximally broader, distally rounded, distal portion reaches about same length than the antennal sockets, broad and deeply sulcate along midline; fastigium frontalis (Fig. 13) yellowish sub-conical, proximal portion quite broad, distally produced. Antennae brownishcrème with dark brown-black segments intercalated. Head (Figs. 12, 14a, 21) dorsally light to dark brown with two postocular lateral crème bands, one each side. Pronotum (Figs. 14a, 14b, 21) rounded, dorsally dark brown-green color coarsely granulated, anterior and posterior margin weakly produced, moderately emarginated bearing each a tubercle about mid portion; posterior margin’s tubercle more prominent. The dorsal main sulcus cuts deeply the lateral carinae and the lateral lobes. Lateral lobes of pronotum (Figs. 11, 14b, 21) light-brown-crème color with dark green areas, strongly emarginated, head-angle almost rect, posterior rounded obtuse-angulated. Tegmina (Figs. 11, 21) lanceolate, mostly brown color with crème veins and veinlets, short about mid-length of abdomen; stridulatory area (Fig. 15) dark-brown yellowish color with broad crème-brown veins; stridulatory file (Fig. 16) basal portion broad tapering gradually towards the anal end, length 3.6 mm, 98–102 teeth. Legs brownish-creme with dark-greenblack ornamentation. Femora spines: anterior inner face 3 spines, external face without spines; mid internal face without spines, external face 2 spines; posterior internal face without spines, external face 7 large spines on lower margin. Tibiae spines: anterior inner face 8 small spines, external face 8 spines on lower margin; mid internal face 5 spines on upper margin and 8 on lower margin, external face 8 spines on lower margin; posterior internal face 19 spines on upper margin and 13 on lower margin, external face 15 spines on upper margin and 13 on lower margin.. Cerci (Figs. 17–18) basally broader tapering gradually, curved inwards, black rounded apex. Supraanal plate (Fig. 17) sub-hexagonal, posterior margin sinuous, left and right angles broad, produced, and possess a small tubercle each. Subgenital plate and internal genitalia as shown in Figs. 18–20. Female description (Figs. 22 –30). General appearance similar to the male. Body color (Figs. 22, 30) brownpinkish, dark green marks on face, pronotum, legs, and abdomen. Fastigium of vertex (Fig. 23) light brown-crème sub-triangular, distally rounded, surpassing slightly the antennal sockets, broad and deeply sulcate along midline; fastigium frontalis (Fig. 24) yellowish sub-conical, broad and rounded proximally. Antennae brownish-crème with dark brown-black segments intercalated. Head dorsally brown with two delicate postocular lateral crème bands, one each side. Pronotum (Figs. 25–26) rounded, dorsally light brown-pinkish color, dense and coarsely granulated, anterior and posterior margin weakly produced, moderately emarginated bearing each a tubercle about mid portion; anterior margin’s tubercle smaller. The dorsal main sulcus cuts deeply the lateral carinae and the lateral lobes. Lateral lobes of pronotum (Fig. 26) pinkish to light-brown color with dark green areas, lower margin strongly emarginated, head angle almost rect posterior rounded obtuse-angulated. Tegmina (Figs. 22, 30) lanceolate (lateral view) brownish-pink color, short about mid-length of abdomen. Legs pinkish-crème color with dark-green ornamentation. Femora spines: anterior inner face 3 spines, external face without spines; mid internal face without spines, external face 2 spines; posterior internal face without spines, external face 7 spines on lower margin (6 large: 1 small). Tibiae spines: anterior inner face 8 small spines, external face 8 spines on lower margin; mid internal face 4 spines on upper margin and 8 on lower margin, external face 8 spines on lower margin; posterior internal face 22 spines on upper margin and 13 on lower margin, external face 12 spines on upper margin and 15 on lower margin. Cerci (Figs. 27, 29) basally broad, tapering gradually, the distal third curved inwards, spine like acute apex. Supraanal plate (Fig. 27) sub-quadrate. Subgenital plate and ovipositor as shown in Figs. 28–29. Measurements (mm). Males. Body length, from vertex anterior margin mid portion to end of abdomen, 28.5 ± 0.15. Pronotum length, from anterior to posterior margin along midline, 5.0. Tegmina length, 13.1 ± 0.01. Femora anterior, mid, and posterior length, respectively: 9.9 ± 0.09, 9.3 ± 0.01, 18.1 ± 0.02. Females. Body length, from vertex anterior margin mid-portion to end of abdomen, 34.0 ± 1.7. Pronotum length, from anterior to posterior margin along midline, 5.5 ± 0.2. Femora length, anterior, mid, and posterior, respectively: 10.6 ± 0.2, 10.3 ± 0.2, 21.1 ± 2.8. Length of tegmina, 14.6 ± 1.5. Length of ovipositor, 16.2 ± 0.03. Distribution (Fig. 31). C. cuicani n. sp., is known only from its type Locality “Tlamamala, Huazalingo” at the Huasteca Region in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Habitat. C. cuicani n. sp., inhabits the Biogeographical Province of the Eastern Sierra Madre (ESM) at the Huasteca Region in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Climate in the area is warm-humid, average annual temperature and precipitation are 21°C and 2,350 mm, respectively. The main plant association is cloud forest, intermediate ecosystem between tropical and temperate forest. Specimens of C. cuicani n. sp., were collected on leaves of Conostegia xalapensis (Bonpl.) D. Don ex D.C., also known in the region as “capulín de monte” (Melastomataceae), a plant from which they also feed on. Etymology. Specific epithet “ cuicani ” derives from the “Náhuatl”, one of the indigenous languages spoken at the Huasteca Region in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. “Cuicani” means “singer”; specimens of C. cuicani n. sp., rest on branches and leaves of host plants, and it is because of its acoustic signal that they are located and collected mostly at night. Acoustic Signal (Figs. 32–34). Males of Caloxiphus cuicani n. sp., produces a short, low intensity calling song (Fig. 32). Males may sing for a few seconds or minutes and stop to resume singing after a short or a long interval. The acoustic signal is made up of echemes of one, two, or three syllables. We analyzed 26 min recording of the calling song and obtained 97 echemes (53 of one syllable, 34 of two syllables, and 10 of three syllables). Echemes repetition rate (ERR) was 3.7 echemes/min. Duration of echemes made up of one, two, and three syllables is as follows: 6.6 ± (SD) 0.8 ms, 2.3 ± 0.5 s, 6.6 ± 1.9 s, respectively. There is no major variation amongst duration of syllables in echemes of one, two, and three syllables; so syllables duration averaged 6.7 ± 0.3 ms (n = 149). Major interval (MaI) duration averaged 76 ± 14 s (2–111 s) (n = 59), this variation may be explained by the fact that when males produce two or three syllable-echemes the MaI between echemes is shorter, similarly the males may sing for a few seconds and stop to resume singing after a considerable interval of time. Minor Interval (MiI) between syllables in echemes of two or three syllables was 2.1 ± 0.8 s (n = 63). Frequency range is>100 kHz with three peaks in this frequency spectrum, and a fi peak between 12–26 kHz (Figs. 33–34).Published as part of Barrientos-Lozano, Ludivina, Fernández-Azuara, Geovany J., Rocha-Sánchez, Aurora Y., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro, Sánchez-Reyes, Uriel Jeshua & Almaguer-Sierra, Pedro, 2020, New species of the genus Caloxiphus Saussure & Pictet, 1898 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from the Huasteca Region, Hidalgo, Mexico, pp. 333-344 in Zootaxa 4751 (2) on pages 337-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/371315

Caloxiphus chapulhuacan Barrientos-Lozano & Fernández-Azuara & Rocha-Sánchez & Zaldívar-Riverón & Sánchez-Reyes & Almaguer-Sierra 2020, n. sp.

Caloxiphus chapulhuacan n. sp. Barrientos-Lozano & Rocha-Sánchez (Figs. 1–10) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0170D237-40DE-43CF-8D5E-2C46CE481C33 Examined material. Type ♀. Mexico, Hidalgo, Chapulhuacán, Puerto El Zopilote, 1050 masl, 31.X.2010, 21°09.137’N 98°56.385’W, leg. L. Barrientos-Lozano & Aurora Y. Rocha-Sánchez. Paratypes. ♀, nymph, same data as type. Diagnosis. C. chapulhuacan n. sp., may be compared with C. championi (see Cigliano et al., 2020; http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/ShowAllImages.aspx). It may be distinguished of the latter species by its larger size (37.5 vs. 25 mm) (Figs. 1, 10). Tegmina are shorter (16.8 vs. 18.5 mm) –reaching about mid length of abdomen- the upper and lower margin looks almost linear -at rest- and the distal apex is broader (Figs. 1, 10). The pronotum (Figs. 4–5) is more densely granulated and granules are more conspicuous, the posterior margin is moderately produced and both, anterior and posterior margin possess each a small size tubercle about mid length. Cerci, carinae on ovipositor, and subgenital plate are also different (Figs. 6–9). These set of characters are not so in C. championi (see Cigliano et al., 2020; http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/ Common/basic/ShowAllImages. aspx). Male. Unknown Female description (Figs. 1–10). General body color (Figs. 1, 10) brown to light brown with dark green marks on face, pronotum, legs, and abdomen. Fastigium of vertex (Fig. 2) subtriangular distally rounded, surpassing slightly the antennal sockets, broad and deeply sulcate along midline; fastigium frontalis (Fig. 3) yellowish subconical. Antennae brownish-crème with dark brown-black segments intercalated. Head (Figs. 1, 10) dorsally light to dark brown with two delicate postocular lateral crème bands, one each side. Pronotum (Figs. 4–5, 10) rounded, dorsally dark green-brown color, densely granulated, posterior margin weakly produced, anterior and posterior margin moderately emarginated bearing each a small tubercle about mid-portion; anterior margin’s tubercle smaller. The dorsal main sulci cuts deeply the lateral carinae and the lateral lobes. Lateral lobes of pronotum (Figs. 5, 10) light brown-creamy color with dark green areas, strongly emarginated, anterior angle almost rect posterior rounded obtuse-angulated. Tegmina (Figs. 1, 10) brownish color, short about mid-length of abdomen. Legs creme with darkgreen ornamentation. Femora spines: anterior inner face 2 spines, external face without spines; mid internal face without spines, external face 3 spines; posterior internal face without spines, external face 7 spines (5 large: 2 small). Tibiae spines: anterior inner face 7 small spines, external face 7 spines on lower margin; mid internal face 8 spines on upper margin and 8 on lower margin, external face 6 spines on lower margin; posterior internal face 18 spines on upper margin and 9 on lower margin, external face 13 spines on upper margin and 11 on lower margin. Cerci (Figs. 6–9) basally robust tapering gradually, distally curved inwards, apex like a broad black spine. Supraanal plate (Fig. 6) sub-quadrate. Subgenital plate and ovipositor as shown in Figs. 7–9. Measurements (mm). Body length, from vertex anterior margin mid-portion to end of abdomen, 37.5. Pronotum length, along midline, 5.7. Femora length, anterior, mid, and posterior, respectively: 11.3, 10.8, 20.9. Length of tegmina, 16.8. Length of ovipositor, 16.4. Distribution (Fig. 31). This species is known only from its type Locality, municipality of Chapulhuacán at the Huasteca Region in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Habitat. C. chapulhuacan n. sp., inhabits the Biogeographical Province of the Easter Sierra Madre (ESM) at the Huasteca Region in Hidalgo, Mexico. The ecosystem this species lives on is tropical rainforest and oak forest; it is found usually on the foliage or trunk of trees. During the day, adults remain quiet and hidden, being active at night. Climate in the municipality of Chapulhuacán is warm-humid with rains all year, average annual temperature and precipitation are 24 °C and 2,270 mm, respectively. Etymology. Specific epithet refers to the type Locality “Chapulhuacán”, word of “Náhuatl” origin that means “Grasshoppers’ Place”.Published as part of Barrientos-Lozano, Ludivina, Fernández-Azuara, Geovany J., Rocha-Sánchez, Aurora Y., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro, Sánchez-Reyes, Uriel Jeshua & Almaguer-Sierra, Pedro, 2020, New species of the genus Caloxiphus Saussure & Pictet, 1898 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from the Huasteca Region, Hidalgo, Mexico, pp. 333-344 in Zootaxa 4751 (2) on page 335, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/371315