The relative value of environmental context reinstatement in free recall

[EN]The effect of environmental context on episodic memory was examined in two free recall experiments with groups of old and young subjects. All subjects studied a list of unrelated words and were subsequently tested in the same room or in a different room. The results of Experiment 1 showed an advantage of being tested in the same context for the old subjects, but no effects of the context manipulation for the young subjects. Experiment 2 replicated this finding and additionally showed that old subjects (but not young subjects) benefited from instructions to mentally reinstate the learning context. The results of both experiments are discussed in terms of the relative value of contextual cues for subjects in each of the two age groups.Junta de Castilla y LeónMinisterio de Educación y Cultur

Productivity in religious orders: a management by values applied approach.

Purpose: In this theoretical-empirical study, we analyse work methodologies of Spanish Religious Orders, and their relationship with productivity, efficacy and efficiency. Design/methodology/approach: In the literature review we have compiled all the applicable theories. Amongst them, Management by Values stands out and has served as the framework for the hypotheses. To test the latter, we have obtained data from face-to-face surveys, obtaining 112 valid answers. Ordinary Least Squares and Logit Model have been proposed. Findings: A greater compromise of the individual with the organization generated greater values of productivity, and its higher value in the case of the female Orders when compared to the male Orders. Research limitations: The conclusions presented here only refer to the data of religious organizations of M alaga (Spain) that have been analysed. Future research should consider the changes brought about by the possible merger of the different Orders and the analysis of the social work of the Church through its non-profit organizations (C aritas or Manos Unidas). Practical implications: This study can be translatable to profit-seeking organizations. If work methodology and coordinating tasks are appropriate for religious organizations, then they should also be beneficial for-profit companies. Originality/value: Management by Values occupies an essential place in the direction and coordination of daily tasks and the life of religious communities. Their levels of productivity, efficacy and efficiency are a result of the strong link that joins the members to the aim of the organization.This research received funding from Junta de Andalucía (Spain) through Research Group SEJ-603 “Organizational Performance”

Manifestaciones de pensamiento funcional de alumnos de segundo de primaria en un juego de tarjetas

En este trabajo se va a realizar un estudio del pensamiento funcional en una muestra de veinte alumnas de segundo de Educación Primaria del colegio Monaita de Granada. Para ello se usará un juego didáctico con tarjetas de álgebra, mediante el cual las estudiantes participarán en una actividad lúdica en la que nos irán aportando la información necesaria para detectar posibles manifestaciones del pensamiento funcional en ellas. En la sesión diseñada se partirá de una tarea introductoria que servirá de modelo a las alumnas para que no se sientan desubicadas y evitar que no sepan responder. Tras esto se procede a un análisis de los resultados obtenidos mediante el cual se puede establecer si realmente se manifiesta este pensamiento en esta muestra de alumnas y en qué medida.Universidad de Granada. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación. Grado en Educación Primaria no Bilingü

Resiliencia y factores asociados en mujeres supervivientes de Violencia de Género en la Pareja: una revisión sistemática.

Most research on Intimate Partner Violence against women (IPV) has tended to present women as passive victims, but in recent years, there has been an increase in studies adopting a strengths-based approach. The aim of the present study is to review the empirical literature about resilience in women survivors of IPV to (a) analyze the consensus on the definition and assessment of resilience; (b) study the correlates of resilience; and (c) reflect on the applicability of such knowledge in policies and professional practice. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was carried out in the Scopus, WoS and PsycINFO databases. The search yielded 42 articles published in English or Spanish over an unlimited timeframe. Results showed that process-oriented, trait-oriented, and outcomes-oriented definitions of resilience were all adopted in the research and that assessment methods also differed across studies. Individual, relational, and contextual factors were found as resilience correlates.There is a need for a theoretical consensus and for research on the mechanisms through which vulnerability or protective factors exert their influence on groups with specific risk conditions. Finally, governments and institutions should take actions to support women and children and to prevent future IPV.Gran parte de los estudios sobre Violencia de Género en la Pareja (VGP) presentan a las mujeres como víctimas pasivas, pero en los últimos años el número de investigaciones centradas en fortalezas está aumentando. El objetivo del presente estudio es revisar la literatura empírica sobre resiliencia en mujeres supervivientes de VGP para: (a) analizar el consenso en la definición y evaluación de resiliencia; (b) estudiar los correlatos del constructo; y (c) reflexionar sobre la aplicabilidad de este conocimiento en las políticas y la práctica profesional. Siguiendo las guías PRISMA, se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos Scopus, WoS y PsycINFO, encontrando 42 artículos publicados en inglés o español sin restricción temporal. Los resultados muestran que los estudios adoptan definiciones de resiliencia tanto orientadas al proceso como al rasgo y a los resultados, y que el método de evaluación difiere entre investigaciones. Entre los correlatos de resiliencia se encontraron factores individuales, relacionales y contextuales. Se necesita un consenso teórico y profundizar en los mecanismos por los cuales los factores de vulnerabilidad o protección afectan a grupos con riesgos específicos. Por último, los gobiernos e instituciones deberían  emprender acciones de prevención y de apoyo a las mujeres e hijos/as

Subjective age-of-acquisition norms for 4,640 verbs in Spanish

[EN]Many studies have shown that how words are processed in a variety of language-related tasks is affected by their age of acquisition (AoA). Most AoA norms have been collected for nouns, a fact that limits the extent to which verb stimuli can be adequately manipulated and controlled in empirical studies. With the aim of increasing the number of verbs with AoA values in Spanish, 900 college students were recruited to provide subjective estimates for a total of 4,640 infinitive and reflexive forms. An AoA score for each verb was obtained by averaging the responses of the participants, and these norms were included, together with additional quantitative information (standard deviations, ranges, and z scores), in a database that can be downloaded with this article as supplemental materials

Oral frequency norms for 67,979 Spanish words

Electronic supplementary material: The online version of this article (doi:10.3758/s13428-011-0062-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.[EN]Frequency of occurrence is an important attribute of lexical units, and one that is widely used in psycholog ical research and theorization. Although printed frequency norms have long been available for Spanish, and subtitle based norms have more recently been published, oral frequency norms have not been systematically compiled for a representative set of words. In this study, a corpus of over three million units, representing present-day use of the language in Spain, was used to derive a frequency count of spoken words. The corpus consisted of 913 separate documents that contained transcriptions of oral recordings obtained in a wide variety of situations, mostly radio and television programs. The resulting database, containing absolute and relative frequency values for 67,979 orally produced words, is presented. Validity analyses showed significant correlations of oral frequency with other frequency measures and suggest that oral frequency can predict some types of lexical processing with the same or higher levels of precision, when contrasted with text- or subtitle-based frequencies. In conclusion, we discuss ways in which these oral frequency norms can be put to use

The role of verb tense and verb aspect in the foregrounding of information during reading

[EN]In three experiments, we explored the role of verb tense and verb aspect in subjects' construction of mental models while reading. In the first and second experiments, subjectsread paragraphs in which verb tense was manipulated to assign current and past attributes (job descriptions) to a main charac ter. The results showed that on-line accessibility was faster for current attributes. The results of the third experiment showed that verb aspect manipulations regarding character actions affect the speed at which the characters are available for recognition.Universidad de SalamancaUniversidad de La Lagun

In Vitro Mutagenic and Genotoxic Assessment of a Mixture of the Cyanotoxins Microcystin-LR and Cylindrospermopsin

The co-occurrence of various cyanobacterial toxins can potentially induce toxic effects different than those observed for single cyanotoxins, as interaction phenomena cannot be discarded. Moreover, mixtures are a more probable exposure scenario. However, toxicological information on the topic is still scarce. Taking into account the important role of mutagenicity and genotoxicity in the risk evaluation framework, the objective of this study was to assess the mutagenic and genotoxic potential of mixtures of two of the most relevant cyanotoxins, Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and Cylindrospermopsin (CYN), using the battery of in vitro tests recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for food contaminants. Mixtures of 1:10 CYN/MC-LR (CYN concentration in the range 0.04-2.5 µg/mL) were used to perform the bacterial reverse-mutation assay (Ames test) in Salmonella typhimurium, the mammalian cell micronucleus (MN) test and the mouse lymphoma thymidine-kinase assay (MLA) on L5178YTk± cells, while Caco-2 cells were used for the standard and enzyme-modified comet assays. The exposure periods ranged between 4 and 72 h depending on the assay. The genotoxicity of the mixture was observed only in the MN test with S9 metabolic fraction, similar to the results previously reported for CYN individually. These results indicate that cyanobacterial mixtures require a specific (geno)toxicity evaluation as their effects cannot be extrapolated from those of the individual cyanotoxins.España Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad AGL2015-64558-

Recursos para a clasificación da produción editorial na Galiza durante a etapa franquista: deseño e alimentación da base de datos

Explanation of the methodology and the computational tools developed to undertake a research project within the domain of the Digital Humanities. In particular, the main goal of this project is to study the publishing industry in Galicia during the Franquist period (1939-1975), to analyze whether there was a culturally-concerned publishing industry and to determine the extent to which this acted as a means of public diffusion, both of political resistance against Franquism as well as the commitment to the preservation and enhancement of the Galician cultural identity. After a brief introduction to the project, we present the methodology followed throughout the process of retrieval and cataloging of the lists of titles, we explain now the process of the massive importation of the catalogs of the most important Galician public libraries was carried out, as well as their technical features and, subsequently, we describe the computational tools designed. Finally, we point out the methodological problems found and the solutions adopted given their possible usefulness for similar projects. We consider that the way they were dealt with and the experience gained solving them constitute, in themselves, important contributions of this project to the area of digital humanities.Explicación da metodoloxía e das ferramentas informáticas desenvolvidas para acometer un proxecto de investigación propio das Humanidades dixitais. En concreto, este proxecto ten como obxectivo fundamental estudar a produción editorial na Galiza durante a etapa franquista (1939-1975), analizar se existiu unha industria cultural editora e en que medida esta funcionou como canle difusora, tanto dunha liña de resistencia política contra o franquismo, como noutra de aposta pola conservación e posta en valor da identidade cultural da Galiza. Tras unha breve introdución ao proxecto, preséntase a metodoloxía seguida no proceso de recuperación e catalogación dos fundos, explícase como se desenvolveu o proceso de importación masiva dos catálogos das bibliotecas públicas máis relevantes da Galiza, así como as súas características técnicas e, a seguir, descríbense as ferramentas informáticas deseñadas. Finalmente, sinálanse os problemas metodolóxicos atopados e as solucións que se foron adoptando pois considérase que poden ser de interese para outros proxectos do mesmo tipo. Coidamos que o noso modo de enfrontalos e a experiencia obtida á hora de resolvelos constitúen, de seu, achegas relevantes deste proxecto ao mundo das Humanidades dixitais

Consultas al ICAC sobre auditoría : estudio y análisis bajo el marco normativo de auditoría en vigor

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar las consultas sobre auditoría publicadas en el BOICAC desde la entrada en vigor de la Ley de Auditoría de Cuentas, y hacerlo en profundidad sobre una de ellas, que se publicó el 4 de junio de 2019, que versa sobre si algunas condiciones que establecen una serie de entidades en procesos de licitación que busquen contratar auditores de cuentas, pudieran ir en contra de la normativa que regula la actividad de auditoría de cuentas. También pretende ver si el nuevo reglamento de auditoría podría modificar en algo la interpretación de la respuesta dada por el ICAC, reglamento que acaba de ser aprobado en el Consejo de Ministros pero que aún no ha sido publicado.The objective of this work is to study the consultations about auditing published in the BOICAC since the entry intro force of the Law of Auditing of Accounts, and to do an in-depth study of one of them, which deals with the conditions established by various companies in bidding processes for the hiring of account auditors that could be contrary to the Law of Auditing of Accounts. I also intend to see if the new regulation of auditing could somewhat modify the interpretation of the response given by the ICAC, regulation that has just been approved by the Council of Ministers but has not yet been published.Máster Universitario en Auditoría de Cuentas (M142