El maquinismo urbano hecho celuloide (1925-1936)

Industrial metropolises have become an unprecedented synchronization phenomenon, which has been capable of captivating the imagination and influencing the culture of large city dwellers. As a result, the cinema also ended up reflecting the social awareness of the industrial metropolis as a novelty. The machine metaphors that it generated were meant to convey all the urban synchronicity through the celluloid film, whether apologetically or critically. Underlying those new outlooks on urban life, there was a legitimate sense of awe before everything that was unknown and unprecedented about the daily events taking place in a metropolis. This study aims to identify the presence of the discourse of machinism dedicated to big cities in films of the interwar period.La metrópolis industrial constituyó un fenómeno de sincronización sin precedentes, capaz de impresionar el imaginario y la cultura de la época. Por consiguiente también el cine termina por reflejar la percepción social dirigida hacia la novedad de la metrópolis industrial y las metáforas relacionadas con el universo de las máquinas que produjo tratarían de traducir la sincronía urbana al celuloide, ya sea en forma apologética o crítica. Subyace a todas las perspectivas una perplejidad legítima con lo mucho que había de desconocido e inédito en la vivencia cotidiana en la metrópolis. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar en películas del periodo de entreguerras la presencia de ese discurso vinculado a la máquina y dedicado a la gran ciudad, además de buscar reconocer los principales mecanismos utilizados para transponerlo al lenguaje cinematográfico

Mutanalyst, an online tool for assessing the mutational spectrum of epPCR libraries with poor sampling

BACKGROUND: Assessing library diversity is an important control step in a directed evolution experiment. To do this, a limited amount of colonies from a test library are sequenced and tested. In the case of an error-prone PCR library, the spectrum of the identified mutations — the proportions of mutations of a specific nucleobase to another— is calculated enabling the user to make more informed predictions on library diversity and coverage. However, the calculations of the mutational spectrum are severely affected by the limited sample sizes. RESULTS: Here an online program, called Mutanalyst, is presented, which not only automates the calculations, but also estimates errors involved. Specifically, the errors are calculated thanks to the complementarity of DNA, which means that a mutation has a complementary mutation on the other sequence. Additionally, in the case of determining the mean number of mutations per sequence it does so by fitting to a Poisson distribution, which is more robust than calculating the average in light of the small sampling size. CONCLUSION: As a result of the added measures to keep into account of small sample size the user can better assess whether the library is satisfactory or whether error-prone PCR conditions should be adjusted. The program is available at www.mutanalyst.com

From Concubine to Ruler: The Lives of Emperor Wu Zetian and Empress Dowager

Emperor Wu Zetian and Empress Dowager Cixi were the only two women to hold full control over China. They lived during different periods in Chinese history, but they accomplished the same goal. This paper will begin with the history of these two remarkable women, and it will give some background information on the respective dynasties that they lived under, the Tang (618- 907) and Qing (1644-1900). Then, the reader will learn about their journeys from the concubines of emperors to the most powerful people in China. Next, this article will cover the interesting information about Empress Dowager Cixi that Princess Der Ling and Sara Pike Conger wrote about in their books. Both authors had a personal relationship with Empress Dowager Cixi. Finally, the article will address some similarities and differences between Emperor Wu Zetian and Empress Dowager Cixi. The purpose of this article is to convey, not how effective Emperor Wu Zetian and Empress Dowager Cixi were as rulers of China, but the abilities of these women to rise above their circumstances and become the rulers of a great empire

Design, Synthesis and Biological Investigation of 2-Anilino Triazolopyrimidines as Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors with Anticancer Activities

A further investigation aiming to generate new potential antitumor agents led us to synthesize a new series of twenty-two compounds characterized by the presence of the 7-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyphenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine pharmacophore modified at its 2-position. Among the synthesized compounds, three were significantly more active than the others. These bore the substituents p-toluidino (3d), p-ethylanilino (3h) and 3′,4′-dimethylanilino (3f), and these compounds had IC50 values of 30–43, 160–240 and 67–160 nM, respectively, on HeLa, A549 and HT-29 cancer cells. The p-toluidino derivative 3d was the most potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization (IC50: 0.45 µM) and strongly inhibited the binding of colchicine to tubulin (72% inhibition), with antiproliferative activity superior to CA-4 against A549 and HeLa cancer cell lines. In vitro investigation showed that compound 3d was able to block treated cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and to induce apoptosis following the intrinsic pathway, further confirmed by mitochondrial depolarization and caspase-9 activation. In vivo experiments conducted on the zebrafish model showed good activity of 3d in reducing the mass of a HeLa cell xenograft. These effects occurred at nontoxic concentrations to the animal, indicating that 3d merits further developmental studies

LA PERICIA MÉDICO LEGAL COMO FORMA DE PRODUCIR LA VERDAD Y SUS ADVERSARIOS EN LOS TRIBUNALES BRASILEÑOS DE ENTREGUERRAS

The medico-legal examination ensured the existence and the social impact of the biological positivist approaches to criminology that gained influence in Brazil during the interwar period. This examination turned scientific knowledge into accepted and acceptable documents that were also intelligible and useful. Examinations were social currencies used to facilitate the relationship between the power and knowledge of legal medicine and criminology. They disciplined the relationship between law and medicine and made feasible the power of judging. However, along the way they had to assert themselves against other traditions and knowledge. Their main opponents were the information obtained by the police from an offense or crime suspect through coercion, especially by means of torture; the decisions made by the jury and the evidence obtained from witnesses; and the delinquent's knowledge. What all these forms of truth production had in common was their non-expert origin, which became the main argument of forensic medical examiners against them.The aim of this article is to discuss the dispute over the prerogatives to produce the truth in institutional spaces that dealt with combating antisocial acts, and to point out the medico-scientific strategies used to prevail over the lay forms present in that shared environment.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Aproximaciones a una educación audiovisual : digital y cine

Fil: La Ferla, Jorge. University of Pittsburgh; Argentina.La idea de seguir pensando en un cine puro con base en las tecnologías electromecánicas y\nfotoquímicas se limita a una realidad que en el mejor de los casos se puede aún pensar en los\nprocesos de rodaje y exhibición. Todos los pasos intermedios ya se realizan en maquinas digitales.\nEsta interesante cuestión, vista desde el lado optimista, se continúa con un pensamiento que propone\nla idea de que hay toda una serie de posibilidades creativas, estéticas y poéticas que ofrece la\ntecnología digital en sus entrecruzamientos con el cine