Techno-Aide Google Classroom for Learning English: Prospects & Challenges

Techno-Aide Google Classroom for Learning English: Prospects & Challenges Google Classroom is a technology aided online learning tool developed by Google which enables both the teachers and learners to fit into ‘beyond the classroom’ learning in an innovative way. This research paper tries to shed light on the prospects and challenges of using Google classroom for learning English at the tertiary level education in Bangladesh. For finding out the prospects and challenges, both English language learners’ and teachers’ perception on the ground of the four language skills- Listening, reading, Writing and Speaking have been studied. The research has been conducted following the quantitative method. An electronic survey was distributed among the students and teachers using Google Form for collecting and comparing responses. The prospect includes how Bangladeshi university students and teachers sense and experience this online tool to stay in touch, as well as develop and manage their work to learn English efficiently. Alongside the common challenges faced by the users (both learners and teachers) this research tries to trace out some technical shortcomings of Google classroom that can be eradicated by Google to turn Google classroom into more user-friendly platform for learning

Successful Pregnancy Following Repair of Vesicouterine Fistula Following Repeat Caesarean Section: A Case Report

A lady, para 2, both delivered by caesarean section for prolonged labour, presented with the complaints of menouria and infertility for 3 years following her last caesarean section. She had history of haematuria during menstruation and her menstrual flow is scanty. Her first baby was female and alive, but her second baby was stillborn following prolonged and obstructed labour. This has been continuously blamed by family and others for happening that events. Her fistula was confirmed by ultrasound scan, histerography and cystoscopy. The vesicouterine fistula was treated by local repair with omental patch through transperitoneal approach. Pregnancy following one year of successful repair has turned her from miserable to happiness in life.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v5i1.11030 BSMMU J 2012; 5(1):76-78

Successful Pregnancy Following Repair of Vesicouterine Fistula Following Repeat Caesarean Section: A Case Report

A lady, para 2, both delivered by caesarean section for prolonged labour, presented with the complaints of menouria and infertility for 3 years following her last caesarean section. She had history of haematuria during menstruation and her menstrual flow is scanty. Her first baby was female and alive, but her second baby was stillborn following prolonged and obstructed labour. This has been continuously blamed by family and others for happening that events. Her fistula was confirmed by ultrasound scan, histerography and cystoscopy. The vesicouterine fistula was treated by local repair with omental patch through transperitoneal approach. Pregnancy following one year of successful repair has turned her from miserable to happiness in life.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v5i1.11030 BSMMU J 2012; 5(1):76-78

The quest for better outcomes: a randomized controlled trial comparing letrozole versus clomiphene citrate in polycystic ovarian syndrome related infertility

Background: Infertility is a widespread concern, particularly among individuals with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Clomiphene citrate (CC) has been a primary treatment for PCOS-related infertility, despite suboptimal pregnancy rates. Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, presents an alternative with potential advantages for improving pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to rigorously compare letrozole and CC in the context of PCOS-related infertility, focusing on Bangladeshi women, adopting incremental dosing protocols, and examining endpoints to contribute valuable insights. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at a tertiary care center in Bangladesh from July 2021 to June 2023. Participants included women aged 18-35 with anovulatory infertility due to PCOS. They were randomized into two groups: letrozole and CC. Treatments were administered following incremental dosing protocols, and outcomes included endometrial thickness, ovulation rate, mono-follicular development, pregnancy rate, and time to pregnancy. Results: Out of 187 patients assessed for eligibility, 102 were enrolled, with 51 in each group. Demographics were comparable between groups. While endometrial thickness did not significantly differ between the groups, letrozole demonstrated a higher rate of mono-follicular development (72.55% versus 50.98%), a significantly higher pregnancy rate (47.06% versus 23.53%), and a shorter time to pregnancy (9.23 weeks versus 11.7 weeks) compared to CC. Conclusions: This study suggests that letrozole may be a preferred option for ovulation induction in PCOS patients due to its superior pregnancy rates and shorter time to pregnancy compared to CC. However, limitations such as a relatively small sample size and variations in dosages should be considered. Further research is needed to validate these findings and address the evolving needs of patients with PCOS-related infertility

Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea in Children with Hematological Malignancy-Experience from a Pediatric Oncologic Centre, Bangladesh

Background: Clostridium difficile Associated Diarrhea (CDAD) is considered to be one of the commonest causes of nosocomial diarrhoea worldwide. Gastrointestinal infections in the form of diarrhoea are common in pediatric oncology patients in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh. The study was conducted to find out the frequency of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) among diarrheal children with haematological malignancy. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from April 2012 to March 2013 at the Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, BSMMU, Bangladesh. Total 58 diarrheal episodes occurred in 51 children with various types of haematological malignancies were included consecutively. Faecal samples of the children were sent to International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B) laboratory for detection of Clostridium difficile antigen (GDH) and toxins (A and/ or B) by Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA). Results: Among 58 diarrheal episodes 22.4% faecal samples were positive for GDH, but none of the faecal samples was positive for toxin A and or B. There were a significant association with leucopenia, severe neutropenia; usage of meropenem plus vancomycin, cefepime plus amikacin, imipenem, cytarabine and omeprazole with GDH positive diarrheal episodes. Conclusion: Positive GDH antigen with a negative result for toxin indicates C. difficile colonization. Among GDH positive episodes, a significantly higher proportion of children had leucopenia, severe neutropenia and usage of some drugs known as risk factors for C. difficile infection. To confirm the CDI advanced tests are needed

Comparison of serum homocysteine level in young and middle-aged adult patients with coronary artery disease

Deaths due to coronary artery disease have been increasing in young people aged 15 mmol/L) was 16.2% in Group I compared to 12.4% in Group II (P=0.001). Therefore, control measures for keeping homocysteine levels within the normal range in young people might be useful. BSMMU J 2022; 15(3): 197-20

Prolidase activity in adult bipolar disorder patient: a case - control study

Background: Bipolar disorder is one of the major neuropsychiatric illnesses. It is responsible for 6.8% of disability-adjusted life years among all mental disorders. Few studies have evaluated the biochemical basis of bipolar disorder. Prolidase is an enzyme that degrade extracellular matrix into proline. In stress condition, prolidase by releasing proline maintain ATP generation, redox state, apoptosis and cell proliferation. The relationship between serum prolidase with bipolar disorder was investigated in this study. Method: A case - control study was conducted at the Department of Laboratory Medicine in collaboration with the Department of Psychiatry of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from March 2021 to February 2022. Thirty-five patients with bipolar disorder type I consisting of 15 euthymic and 20 manic patients were enrolled in the study according to the availability of patients as cases. Thirty-five age - and sex-matched healthy individuals were recruited from the Department of Laboratory Medicine as controls. Serum prolidase level was measured in cases and controls using venous blood. Result: Serum prolidase level was significantly higher in cases than controls (P=0.021). There was no significant differences between euthymic and manic patients (P=0.629). Significant positive correlation was found between Young Mania Rating Scale severity score and serum prolidase level (P=0.001). Conclusion: Serum prolidase activity may be associated with bipolar disorder. This needs further corroboration because our sample size was small. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 2023;16(2): 96-100

Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Early administration of tranexamic acid reduces deaths due to bleeding in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the effects of early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy, and other relevant outcomes in women with post-partum haemorrhage. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women aged 16 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage after a vaginal birth or caesarean section from 193 hospitals in 21 countries. We randomly assigned women to receive either 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. If bleeding continued after 30 min, or stopped and restarted within 24 h of the first dose, a second dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo could be given. Patients were assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight numbered packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. We originally planned to enrol 15 000 women with a composite primary endpoint of death from all-causes or hysterectomy within 42 days of giving birth. However, during the trial it became apparent that the decision to conduct a hysterectomy was often made at the same time as randomisation. Although tranexamic acid could influence the risk of death in these cases, it could not affect the risk of hysterectomy. We therefore increased the sample size from 15 000 to 20 000 women in order to estimate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of death from post-partum haemorrhage. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN76912190 (Dec 8, 2008); ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00872469; and PACTR201007000192283. Findings Between March, 2010, and April, 2016, 20 060 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (n=10 051) or placebo (n=10 009), of whom 10 036 and 9985, respectively, were included in the analysis. Death due to bleeding was significantly reduced in women given tranexamic acid (155 [1·5%] of 10 036 patients vs 191 [1·9%] of 9985 in the placebo group, risk ratio [RR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·65–1·00; p=0·045), especially in women given treatment within 3 h of giving birth (89 [1·2%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 127 [1·7%] in the placebo group, RR 0·69, 95% CI 0·52–0·91; p=0·008). All other causes of death did not differ significantly by group. Hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (358 [3·6%] patients in the tranexamic acid group vs 351 [3·5%] in the placebo group, RR 1·02, 95% CI 0·88–1·07; p=0·84). The composite primary endpoint of death from all causes or hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (534 [5·3%] deaths or hysterectomies in the tranexamic acid group vs 546 [5·5%] in the placebo group, RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·09; p=0·65). Adverse events (including thromboembolic events) did not differ significantly in the tranexamic acid versus placebo group. Interpretation Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding in women with post-partum haemorrhage with no adverse effects. When used as a treatment for postpartum haemorrhage, tranexamic acid should be given as soon as possible after bleeding onset. Funding London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation