Treacherous pavements:Paving slab patterns modify intended walking directions

Current understanding in locomotion research is that, for humans, navigating natural environments relies heavily on visual input; in contrast, walking on even ground in man-made obstacle and hazard-free environments is so highly automated that visual information derived from floor patterns should not affect locomotion and in particular have no impact on the direction of travel. The vision literature on motion perception would suggest otherwise; specifically that oblique floor patterns may induce substantial veering away from the intended direction of travel due to the so-called aperture problem. Here, we tested these contrasting predictions by letting participants walk over commonly encountered floor patterns (paving slabs) and investigating participants' ability to walk "straight ahead" for different pattern orientations. We show that, depending on pattern orientation, participants veered considerably over the measured travel distance (up to 8% across trials), in line with predictions derived from the literature on motion perception. We argue that these findings are important to the study of locomotion, and, if also observed in real world environments, might have implications for architectural design

A detailed study of the diastereoselective catalytic hydrogenation of 6-hydroxytetrahydroisoquinoline-(3R)-carboxylic ester intermediates

A key step towards a highly-selective antagonist of ionotropic glutamate receptors entails the diastereoselective arene hydrogenation of an enantiopure tetrahydroisoquinoline. An extensive screen using parallel reactors was conducted and led to the discovery of several Pd/C catalysts giving high yield and improved diastereoselectivity from 75 : 25 to 95 : 5. A detailed kinetic study of the best system was performed and supports the reduction occuring in two-steps.

Pilot testing of enhanced sorbents for calcium looping with cement production

One of the main challenges for commercialising calcium looping (CaL) as a CO2 capture technology is maintaining a high level of sorbent reactivity during long-term cycling. In order to mitigate the decay in carrying capacity, research has moved towards producing enhanced sorbents. However, this creates potential problems related to ease of scaling up production techniques and production costs, and raises the question as to whether such approaches can be used at large scale. On the other hand, a key advantage of CaL over other carbon capture technologies is synergy with the cement industry, i.e., use of spent sorbent as a feedstock for clinker production. In this work two enhanced materials: (i) limestone doped with HBr through a particle surface impregnation technique; and (ii) pellets prepared from limestone and calcium aluminate cement, were tested in a 25 kWth dual fluidised bed pilot-scale reactor in order to investigate their capture performance and mechanical stability under realistic CaL conditions. Moreover, the spent sorbent was then used as a raw material to make cement, which was characterised for phase and chemical composition as well as compressive strength. The HBr-doped limestone showed better performance in terms of both mechanical strength and stability of the CO2 uptake when compared to that of pellets. Furthermore, it was shown that the cement produced has similar characteristics and performance as those of commercial CEM 1 cement. This indicates the advantages of using the spent sorbent as feedstock for cement manufacture and shows the benefits of synthetic sorbents in CaL and suitability of end-use of spent sorbents for the cement industry, validating their synergy at pilot scale. Finally, this study demonstrates the possibility of using several practical techniques to improve the performance of CaL at the pilot scale, and more importantly demonstrates that commercial-grade cement can be made from the lime product from this technology

Transcriptional perturbation of protein arginine methyltransferase-5 exhibits MTAP-selective oncosuppression.

We hypothesized that small molecule transcriptional perturbation could be harnessed to target a cellular dependency involving protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in the context of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) deletion, seen frequently in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Here we show, that MTAP deletion is negatively prognostic in MPM. In vitro, the off-patent antibiotic Quinacrine efficiently suppressed PRMT5 transcription, causing chromatin remodelling with reduced global histone H4 symmetrical demethylation. Quinacrine phenocopied PRMT5 RNA interference and small molecule PRMT5 inhibition, reducing clonogenicity in an MTAP-dependent manner. This activity required a functional PRMT5 methyltransferase as MTAP negative cells were rescued by exogenous wild type PRMT5, but not a PRMT5E444Q methyltransferase-dead mutant. We identified c-jun as an essential PRMT5 transcription factor and a probable target for Quinacrine. Our results therefore suggest that small molecule-based transcriptional perturbation of PRMT5 can leverage a mutation-selective vulnerability, that is therapeutically tractable, and has relevance to 9p21 deleted cancers including MPM

Social Anxiety Modulates Subliminal Affective Priming

BACKGROUND: It is well established that there is anxiety-related variation between observers in the very earliest, pre-attentive stage of visual processing of images such as emotionally expressive faces, often leading to enhanced attention to threat in a variety of disorders and traits. Whether there is also variation in early-stage affective (i.e. valenced) responses resulting from such images, however, is not yet known. The present study used the subliminal affective priming paradigm to investigate whether people varying in trait social anxiety also differ in their affective responses to very briefly presented, emotionally expressive face images. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Participants (n = 67) completed a subliminal affective priming task, in which briefly presented and smiling, neutral and angry faces were shown for 10 ms durations (below objective and subjective thresholds for visual discrimination), and immediately followed by a randomly selected Chinese character mask (2000 ms). Ratings of participants' liking for each Chinese character indicated the degree of valenced affective response made to the unseen emotive images. Participants' ratings of their liking for the Chinese characters were significantly influenced by the type of face image preceding them, with smiling faces generating more positive ratings than neutral and angry ones (F(2,128) = 3.107, p<0.05). Self-reported social anxiety was positively correlated with ratings of smiling relative to neutral-face primed characters (Pearson's r = .323, p<0.01). Individual variation in self-reported mood awareness was not associated with ratings. CONCLUSIONS: Trait social anxiety is associated with individual variation in affective responding, even in response to the earliest, pre-attentive stage of visual image processing. However, the fact that these priming effects are limited to smiling and not angry (i.e. threatening) images leads us to propose that the pre-attentive processes involved in generating the subliminal affective priming effect may be different from those that generate attentional biases in anxious individuals