Female Underperformance Hypothesis Revisited: Methodological Review and Empirical Testing

Comparison between the performance of female and male-managed firms has long been a subject of research interest. Although the argument is that firms run by women have lower performance than those run by men, there is no agreement on the effects of managerial gender on companies’ financial outcomes. This study conducts a methodological review of quantitative research on the relationship between female business leadership and firm performance from 2010 to 2020. This review identifies the most frequently used dependent and explanatory variables and econometric models in the literature. Most studies have not considered endogeneity bias in their model specifications; therefore, these results could be biased and unreliable. We select empirical models to test the female underperformance hypothesis using a sample of Chilean firms. Our findings suggest that managers’ gender does not significantly affect business performance when endogeneity is addressed. Our methodological review reveals a significant gap in the research on female managers and firm performance in the Latin American context, and the empirical test provides new evidence in this vein

Evidencia empirica de dualidad en valoracion contingente con formato binario

El artículo presenta la comparación de las medidas de bienestar, obtenidas mediante dos interpretaciones teóricas para el método de valoración contingente (VC) con formato binario. En primer lugar se discute el enfoque de diferencia de la función de utilidad indirecta. Posteriormente se desarrolla la alternativa conocida como función de variación. Se estiman dos formas funcionales (lineal y logarítmica) para cada estructura teórica, y se calculan las respectivas medias y medianas como medidas de bienestar. Para estimar sus varianzas, se utiliza un procedimiento de simulación que genera una distribución empírica de las medidas de bienestar para la definición de los intervalos de confianza. Alternativamente se utiliza el método delta, el cual aproxima lineal mente las medidas de bienestar usando la expansión de la serie de Taylor de primer orden.Valoracion contingente; Econometria - Analisis;

A Business Case for Marine Protected Areas: Economic Valuation of the Reef Attributes of Cozumel Island

Tourism to Cozumel Island generates USD 762 million annually in local economic activity, and 111 visitors stay in local hotels for each inhabitant. The island’s coast is its principal attraction, yet water quality and reef health are threatened. This paper studies the link between the local economy and management of Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park, using a choice experiment to assess the economic value visitors assign to underwater visibility, biodiversity, and visitor congestion in reef areas. We found that, on average, tourists are willing to pay USD 190 per visit to avoid a projected decrease in biodiversity, USD 120 per visit to prevent a projected decline in visibility, and USD 98 to avoid high congestion during reef visits. We find high heterogeneity in willingness to pay estimates, which may be useful for targeting both conservation and marketing efforts. On the other hand, increasing the reef access fee from USD 2 to USD 6 could fully fund effective protected area management, with no substantial effect on visitors’ consumer surplus. Results suggest that a conservation surcharge could be added to all tours, with little impact on visitation, and that significantly increasing private sector collaboration and government spending on conservation would be good economic choices