203 research outputs found
Multifractal properties of growing networks
We introduce a new family of models for growing networks. In these networks
new edges are attached preferentially to vertices with higher number of
connections, and new vertices are created by already existing ones, inheriting
part of their parent's connections. We show that combination of these two
features produces multifractal degree distributions, where degree is the number
of connections of a vertex. An exact multifractal distribution is found for a
nontrivial model of this class. The distribution tends to a power-law one, , in the infinite network limit.
Nevertheless, for finite networks's sizes, because of multifractality, attempts
to interpret the distribution as a scale-free would result in an ambiguous
value of the exponent .Comment: 7 pages epltex, 1 figur
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Advanced Crystal Growth Technology
Although the fundamental mechanism of crystal growth has received and continues to receive deserved attention as a research activity, similar research efforts addressing the need for advanced materials and processing technology required to grow future high quality crystals has been sorely lacking. The purpose of this research effort is to develop advanced rapid growth processing technologies and materials suitable for providing the quality of products needed for advanced laser and photonics applications. In particular we are interested in developing a methodology for growing high quality KDP crystals based on an understanding of the fundamental mechanisms affecting growth. One problem in particular is the issue of control of impurities during the growth process. Many unwanted impurities are derived from the growth system containers and can adversely affect the optical quality and aspect ratio (shape) of the crystals. Previous studies have shown that even trace concentrations ({approx}10{sup -9} M) of impurities affect growth and even 'insignificant' species can have a large impact. It is also known that impurities affect the two growth faces of KDP very differently. Traces of trivalent metal impurities such as Fe{sup 3+}, Cr{sup 3+}, and Al{sup 3+} in solution are known to inhibit growth of the prismatic {l_brace}100{r_brace} faces of KDP while having little effect on the growth of the pyramidal {l_brace}101{r_brace} faces. This differentiation opens the possibility of intentionally adding select ions to control the aspect ratio of the crystal to obtain a more advantageous shape. This document summarizes our research efforts to improve KDP crystal growth. The first step was to control unwanted impurity addition from the growth vessel by developing an FEP liner to act as a barrier to the glass container. The other focus to develop an understanding of select impurities on growth rates in order to be able to use them to control the habit or shape of the crystal for yield improvement
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Products of motor burnout. Final report
The Montreal Protocol of 1987 effectively banned a long list of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) traditionally used in air conditioning and refrigeration applications. The refrigeration and air conditioning industries have responded by developing and testing new, alternative refrigerants that are less damaging to the atmosphere upon release. Despite a reputation for quality and reliability, air conditioning systems do occasionally fail. One of the more common failure modes in a hermetic system is a motor burnout. Motor burnouts can occur by various mechanisms. One of the most common scenarios is a locked motor rotor, which may result from a damaged bearing. The resulting electrical motor burnout is caused by overheating of the locked rotor and subsequent failure of the insulation. This is primarily a thermal breakdown process
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A System for Measuring Defect Induced Beam Modulation on Inertial Confinement Fusion-class Laser Optics
A multi-wavelength laser based system has been constructed to measure defect induced beam modulation (diffraction) from ICF class laser optics. The Nd:YLF-based modulation measurement system (MMS) uses simple beam collimation and imaging to capture diffraction patterns from optical defects onto an 8-bit digital camera at 1053, 527 and 351 nm. The imaging system has a field of view of 4.5 x 2.8 mm{sup 2} and is capable of imaging any plane from 0 to 30 cm downstream from the defect. The system is calibrated using a 477 micron chromium dot on glass for which the downstream diffraction patterns were calculated numerically. Under nominal conditions the system can measure maximum peak modulations of approximately 7:1. An image division algorithm is used to calculate the peak modulation from the diffracted and empty field images after the baseline residual light background is subtracted from both. The peak modulation can then be plotted versus downstream position. The system includes a stage capable of holding optics up to 50 pounds with x and y translation of 40 cm and has been used to measure beam modulation due to solgel coating defects, surface digs on KDP crystals, lenslets in bulk fused silica and laser damage sites mitigated with CO{sub 2} lasers
The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centre in diamond: the electronic solution
The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centre is a unique defect in diamond
that possesses properties highly suited to many applications, including quantum
information processing, quantum metrology, and biolabelling. Although the
unique properties of the centre have been extensively documented and utilised,
a detailed understanding of the physics of the centre has not yet been
achieved. Indeed there persists a number of points of contention regarding the
electronic structure of the centre, such as the ordering of the dark
intermediate singlet states. Without a sound model of the centre's electronic
structure, the understanding of the system's unique dynamical properties can
not effectively progress. In this work, the molecular model of the defect
centre is fully developed to provide a self consistent model of the complete
electronic structure of the centre. The application of the model to describe
the effects of electric, magnetic and strain interactions, as well as the
variation of the centre's fine structure with temperature, provides an
invaluable tool to those studying the centre and a means to design future
empirical and ab initio studies of this important defect.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures, 10 table
Theory of the ground state spin of the NV- center in diamond: I. Fine structure, hyperfine structure, and interactions with electric, magnetic and strain fields
The ground state spin of the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy center in
diamond has been the platform for the recent rapid expansion of new frontiers
in quantum metrology and solid state quantum information processing. In ambient
conditions, the spin has been demonstrated to be a high precision magnetic and
electric field sensor as well as a solid state qubit capable of coupling with
nearby nuclear and electronic spins. However, in spite of its many outstanding
demonstrations, the theory of the spin has not yet been fully developed and
there does not currently exist thorough explanations for many of its
properties, such as the anisotropy of the electron g-factor and the existence
of Stark effects and strain splittings. In this work, the theory of the ground
state spin is fully developed for the first time using the molecular orbital
theory of the center in order to provide detailed explanations for the spin's
fine and hyperfine structures and its interactions with electric, magnetic and
strain fields.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, 3 table
Is paternal age associated with transfer day, developmental stage, morphology, and initial hCG-rise of the competent blastocyst leading to live birth?:A multicenter cohort study
In this study we investigated whether age of men undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment was associated with day of transfer, stage, morphology, and initial hCG-rise of the competent blastocyst leading to a live birth? The design was a multicenter historical cohort study based on exposure (age) and outcome data (blastocyst stage and morphology and initial hCG-rise) from men whose partner underwent single blastocyst transfer resulting in singleton pregnancy/birth. The ART treatments were carried out at sixteen private and university-based public fertility clinics. We included 7246 men and women, who between 2014 and 2018 underwent controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) or Frozen-thawed Embryo Transfer (FET) with a single blastocyst transfer resulting in singleton pregnancy were identified. 4842 men with a partner giving birth were included, by linking data to the Danish Medical Birth Registry. We showed that the adjusted association between paternal age and transfer day in COS treatments was OR 1.06, 95% CI (1.00;1.13). Meaning that for every increase of one year, men had a 6% increased probability that the competent blastocyst was transferred on day 6 compared to day 5. Further we showed that the mean difference in hCG values when comparing paternal age group 30–34, 35–39 and 40–45 with the age group 25–29 in those receiving COS treatment, all showed significantly lower adjusted values for older men. In conclusion we hypothesize that the later transfer (day 6) in female partners of older men may be due to longer time spent by the oocyte to repair fragmented DNA of the sperm cells, which should be a focus of future research in men
Cutting cardiovascular risk in barbershops
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jomh.2009.07.00
Wind anisotropies and GRB progenitors
We study the effect of wind anisotropies on the stellar evolution leading to
collapsars. Rotating models of a 60 M star with on the ZAMS, accounting for shellular rotation and a magnetic
field, with and without wind anisotropies, are computed at =0.002 until the
end of the core He-burning phase. Only the models accounting for the effects of
the wind anisotropies retain enough angular momentum in their core to produce a
Gamma Ray Burst (GRB). The chemical composition is such that a type Ic
supernova event occurs. Wind anisotropies appear to be a key physical
ingredient in the scenario leading to long GRBs.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in A&A Lette
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