Актуализация принципов планирования деятельности предприятия

Рассматриваются вопросы развития некоторых принципов планирования показателей деятельности предприятий в контексте современной парадигмы менеджмента, дается характеристика принципов планирования и условий их применения

Controlled folding of synthetic polymer chains through the formation of positionable covalent bridges

Covalent bridges play a crucial role in the folding process of sequence-defined biopolymers. This feature, however, has not been recreated in synthetic polymers because, apart from some simple regular arrangements (such as block co-polymers), these macromolecules generally do not exhibit a controlled primary structure-that is, it is difficult to predetermine precisely the sequence of their monomers. Herein, we introduce a versatile strategy for preparing foldable linear polymer chains. Well-defined polymers were synthesized by the atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene. The controlled addition of discrete amounts of protected maleimide at precise times during the synthesis enabled the formation of polystyrene chains that contained positionable reactive alkyne functions. Intramolecular reactions between these functions subsequently led to the formation of different types of covalently folded polymer chains. For example, tadpole (P-shaped), pseudocyclic (Q-shaped), bicyclic (8-shaped) and knotted (alpha-shaped) macromolecular origamis were prepared in a relatively straightforward manner

Use of a poly(ionic liquid) as a binder material for electrodes in electrochemical devices

The present invention relates to the use of a non-particulate poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) polymer as a binder material for electrodes in electrochemical devices. The electrochemical device may be for example a battery, supercapacitor or a fuel cell. Preferably, the poly(ionic liquid) polymer comprises an imidazolium, pyridinium or thiazolium polycation. In one embodiment of the invention, the non-particulate PIL polymer is molecularly dissolved in a suitable solvent. An further aspect of the invention relates to electrodes for electrochemical devices comprising a non-particulate poly(ionic liquid) polymer as defined above as a binder material. In particular, the electrochemical device is selected from the group comprising batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells

Metal–Phenolic Carbon Nanocomposites for Robust and Flexible Energy-Storage Devices

Future electronic applications such as wearable electronics depend on the successful construction of energy storage devices with superior flexibility and high electrochemical performance. However, these prerequisites are challenging to combine: external forces often cause performance degradation while the trade-off between the required nanostructures for strength and electrochemical performance results only in energy storage. In this paper, we present a flexible supercapacitor design based on tannic acid (TA) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a unique nanostructure. Here, TA is self-assembled on the surface of the CNTs by metal-phenolic coordination bonds which provides the hybrid film with both, high strength and high pseudocapacitance. Besides a 17 times increased mechanical strength of the final composite, the hybrid film simultaneously exhibits excellent flexibility and volumetric capacitance