Liver transplantation for alcoholic cirrhosis: Long term follow-up and impact of disease recurrence

Background. Alcoholic liver disease has emerged as a leading indication for hepatic transplantation, although it is a controversial use of resources. We aimed to examine all aspects of liver transplantation associated with alcohol abuse. Methods. Retrospective cohort analysis of 123 alcoholic patients with a median of 7 years follow-up at one center. Results. In addition to alcohol, 43 (35%) patients had another possible factor contributing to cirrhosis. Actuarial patient and graft survival rates were, respectively, 84% and 81% (1 year); 72% and 66% (5 years); and 63% and 59% (7 years). After transplantation, 18 patients (15%) manifested 21 noncutaneous de novo malignancies, which is significantly more than controls (P=0.0001); upper aerodigestive squamous carcinomas were over-represented (P=0.03). Thirteen patients had definitely relapsed and three others were suspected to have relapsed. Relapse was predicted by daily ethanol consumption (P=0.0314), but not by duration of pretransplant sobriety or explant histology. No patient had alcoholic hepatitis after transplantation and neither late onset acute nor chronic rejection was significantly increased. Multiple regression analyses for predictors of graft failure identified major biliary/vascular complications (P=0.01), chronic bile duct injury on biopsy (P=0.002), and pericellular fibrosis on biopsy (P=0.05); graft viral hepatitis was marginally significant (P=0.07) on univariate analysis. Conclusions. Alcoholic liver disease is an excellent indication for liver transplantation in those without coexistent conditions. Recurrent alcoholic liver disease alone is not an important cause of graft pathology or failure. Potential recipients should be heavily screened before transplantation for coexistent conditions (e.g., hepatitis C, metabolic diseases) and other target-organ damage, especially aerodigestive malignancy, which are greater causes of morbidity and mortality than is recurrent alcohol liver disease

Joseph Rabinowitsch : eine prophetische Gestalt aus dem neueren Judentum

von J. FauerholdtAus der Sammlung des Leo Baeck Institute, digitalisiert in Kooperation mit dem Center for Jewish History, N

A PR-investigation of the art museum's attraction of a new target audience

The art museum has undergone a transformation, gradually shifting its focus from the collections to placing the audience at the center. The shift implies a far more significant role for visitors in the museum's communication. The purpose of this paper is therefore to examine how the Danish art museum, Ordrupgaard, communicates with a young audience to attract them to visit. We will explore how Ordrupgaard establishes and maintains relationships with their stakeholders, particularly the young audience, through their external communication, more specifically through their press releases. To gain an insight into how the art museum accommodates the young audience using selected PR tools, we have chosen a collection of relevant theories that examine and create an understanding of how other museums involve and work strategically with young people. Additionally, we will utilize theories that shed light on how specific PR tools can appeal to a targeted audience and contribute to achieving the desired goal. This will result in an analysis which aims to identify weaknesses within Ordrupgaard's approach, so that it will be possible to prepare a campaign that improves and adds the necessary advantages that are worth taking forward to the manufacturing of a specific PR-product.To better understand how the art museum presents its historical art to its diverse audience, we discuss the importance of prioritizing various stakeholders and consider the benefits and complications of comparing Ordrupgaard with other museums. Our analysis reveals that while Ordrupgaard aims to reach a young audience, they face certain challenges in doing so. As a result, we conclude that a campaign consisting of multiple events that engage young people in art and relate it to their perspectives would be the most beneficial solution for Ordrupgaard. The campaign, titled "YOU DECIDE WHY YOU'RE HERE," aims to accommodate the diverse motivations behind visiting a museum, which is also aimed at making everyone feel welcome regardless of their reason for visiting the museum. <br/