Reverse Flotation

Reverse flotation of coal can be explained as a process where valuable minerals are depressed, while undesired and unhealthy minerals are floated with the help of some reagents. Nowadays, conventional enrichment method of coal could not achieve removing unhealthy minerals partially from internal structure of coal such as sulfur, Hg, Au, which propagate in air after burning treatment, or heavy metals such as Be, Cr, Ni, As, Cd, Co, Ni, Sb, Se, Pb, Co, Cl, Be, Ba, which involve in water and soil where habitat and human health can directly be influenced from them. In fact, reverse flotation of coal enables to remove these undesired mineral content from coal structure not only in macro size but also in micro size. On the other hand, like undesired minerals, valuable ones like vanadium, germanium, etc. are also taken from coal particles by using the same procedure. Thus, with all these respect, reverse flotation is considered as an alternative and innovative solution for coal beneficiation especially for low rank coal since low rank coal is more compatible for reverse flotation because of being more hydrophilic which means tendency to float is less. Around the world wide, most of the coal reserves belong to low rank coal, so application of reverse flotation is becoming more inevitably common in future

The Relationship between Orthodontic Treatment and Dental Caries

Orthodontic treatment is the main treatment procedure to achieve a well-aligned dental arch and an esthetic smile. For this purpose, various types of removable or fixed orthodontic appliances are designed. However, each has their specific disadvantages. The most important one is that orthodontic appliances especially the brackets and the ligation mode create new retention areas in addition to blocking plaque-removing shear forces arising from fluid flow and masticatory loads with a resultant undesired effect of accumulation of dental plaque. Increased amount of dental plaque containing cariogenic bacteria is the main etiologic factor in decalcification of enamel during orthodontic treatment. This demineralization of the tooth surfaces results in appearance of white spots or even caries. However, in the literature, there are conflicting results in the relationship between orthodontic treatment and development of dental caries. Many preventive methods such as topical fluoride application, using bonding materials releasing fluoride, using mouth rinse with sodium fluoride, applying chlorhexidine, and so on were defined. The general comment of the authors is that supplying an adequate oral hygiene has the main role in prevention of demineralization-caries during orthodontic treatment. In the light of the previous studies’ results, it can be concluded that professional application like a varnish can be provided for patients who have high caries incidence

Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Nitric Oxide Levels in Parkinson's Disease

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of circulating growth hormone (GH), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in the patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD). The study groups were consisted of 25 patients with PD and 25 matched healthy subjects as a control. The NO level of patients in PD group (2.3 ± 0.4 μmol/L) was significantly lower than that in the control group (2.8 ± 0.6 μmol/L) (P:.011). Although there were no statistically significant differences in the GH, IGF-1, and IGF BP-3 levels among the two groups, in this preliminary study, we found low NO and mildly elevated IGF-1 levels in the patients with PD. The results may be associated with adaptation or protective mechanisms in the neurodegenerative disease processes such as seen in the PD. Further studies should be carried out to confirm our results

EMOTIONS, PERCEPTIONS, PREPARATIONS AND EXPECTATIONS OF FAMILIES REGARDING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION (PRIMARY SCHOOL EXAMPLE)

This study was conducted to determine the feelings of families when they learned that their children should continue inclusive education, their perceptions, preparations and expectations regarding inclusive education. The study was carried out via a case study, one of the qualitative research methods. In the study, 26 volunteer families whose children were involved in inclusion practices participated in the study. The families were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview form and analysed using content analysis method. As a result of the study, it was determined that happiness and sadness were the first two important reactions of the families when they learned about their children’s need for inclusive. The terms perceived by families related to inclusion practices were identified as educational process together with peers, bringing together with the same disability group, a bad situation, illness, support education, children's socialisation, and ensuring harmony with peers, respectively.

Defining Dental Age for Chronological Age Determination

Dental age assessment is one of the most reliable methods of chronological age estimation used for criminal, forensic and anthropologic purposes. Visual, radiographic, chemical and histological techniques can be used for dental age estimation. Visual method is based on the sequence of eruption of the teeth and morphological changes that are caused due to function such as attrition, changes in color that are indicators of aging. Radiographs of the dentition can be used to determine the stage of dental development of the teeth from initial mineralization of a tooth, crown formation to root apex maturation. Histological methods require the preparation of the tissues for detailed microscopic examination. The chemical analysis of dental hard tissues determines alterations in ion levels with age, whereas the histological and chemical methods are invasive methods requiring extraction/sectioning of the tooth. In this chapter, the different techniques and considered studies were overviewed in conjunction with their advantages and disadvantages. It needs to be taken into consideration that rather than restricting on one age estimation technique, using the other available techniques additionally and performing repetitive measurements may be beneficial for accurate age estimation

A study on the implementation frequency of classroom management strategies by preschool teachers and how useful teachers find them

In this study, it is aimed to determine the classroom management strategies used by preschool teachers and to detect how useful they find these strategies. The screening model, which is among the quantitative research methods, was used in the study. The study group constitutes of 72 pre-school teachers, who work private and state kindergartens in Ankara and who take part in TUBITAK Project entitled the "Incredible Years (The Incredible Years-IY) Teacher Classroom Management Adaptation Program of Classroom: Turkey Sample". Teacher Classroom Management Strategies Questionnaire and the Personal Information Form were used as data collection tools in this study. In this study, only the data on the Specific Teaching Techniques Scale of the questionnaire were evaluated. Descriptive statistics and paired samples t-test were used to evaluate the data. As a result of the study, it was found that teachers used both developing and compulsive dimensions as classroom management strategies. However, teachers reported that although the developing dimension of classroom management strategies was more beneficial than the compulsive dimension, they did not frequently use strategies for the developing dimension. As a result, it has been determined that preschool teachers use compulsive classroom management strategies more frequently although they do not find it useful. © 2020, Ankara University. All rights reserved