A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF ADVANCES IN PHARMACOGENETICS AND PERSONALIZED MEDICINE IN PSYCHIATRY.

The variable effectiveness and side effects demonstrated in patients who receive psychotropic drugs show that there is a need for developing personalized medicines in psychiatry. Pharmacogenetics significantly impacts the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of psychotropic drugs. In the course of this review, the role of metabolism and receptor expression in the efficacy and adverse events of psychiatric drugs is discussed. Exogenous factors that affect the therapy are discussed. Further, key challenges in the application of pharmacogenomics to personalized medicine in psychiatry are discussed, along with their potential solutions. It is concluded that therapeutic drug monitoring along with pharmacogenetic testing in clinical practice can help devise personalized tailored treatment plans which can improve the mental health and quality of life of an individual and maintain a high benefit-to-risk ratio

A STUDY COMPARING SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS OF UNIPOLAR AND BIPOLAR DEPRESSION.

Background: Unipolar and bipolar depression are distinct in symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis, course of treatment, neurobiology, and genetics. The study aims to compare the subjective variables linked to bipolar and unipolar depression in inpatients. This study also aimed to investigate the psychosocial and demographic factors that affect bipolar and unipolar depression. Materials and Methods: 152 patients both males and females classified, into group I (unipolar) and group II (bipolar). The clinical profile and socio-demographic profile of both were recorded. The collected data was analyzed statistically. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Results: The difference was significant between the two groups i.e., unipolar and bipolar depression. A value of P less than 0.05 is considered significant. 60% of the unipolar group reported severe depression without psychotic symptoms compared to 80% of the bipolar group who had severe depression with psychotic symptoms. Group I & II parameters are relatively different as Delusions were seen in 30 and 2, panic symptoms in 22 and 14, anhedonia in 42 and 26, suicidal thoughts in 2 and 5, pseudodementia in 6 and 2, and depressive cognitions in 10 and 6 respectively. Conclusion: The authors found that patients with bipolar and unipolar depression have different QOL profiles. With the introduction of bipolar spectrum, Adequate measures should be taken to understand the clinical markers of bipolarity. It is important to understand the signs of the disorder to determine the precise neurobiology of bipolarity and to forecast its course, more research is required. Recommendation: A second drug is recommended if the patient presents while the condition is already managed with lithium monotherapy

THOUGHT, LANGUAGE, COMMUNICATION DISORDER IN SCHIZOPHRENIA – TYPE, PREVALENCE AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ACUTE AND CHRONIC CASES.

Objective: The objective of the current investigation is to the types, severity, and prevalence of thought, language, and communication disorders in individuals with schizophrenia, with a particular focus on discerning differences between “acute schizophrenia” and cases of “chronic schizophrenia.” Materials and Methods: 50 patients were considered for the investigation, who were sub-categorized under acute and chronic cases. Tools used to assess different effects of the disorder were - “Positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia” (PANSS) Scale 4 which is used for measuring symptoms and severity of the disease, “Mini-mental status examination test” (MMSE), “Andreasen scale” for assessment of “thought, language and communication” (TLC) and Socio-demographic data sheet. Statistical tools like chi-square, and standard deviation were also used during the research. Mental assessments were conducted with all the patients involved using different scales mentioned above. Statistical results were calculated for each assessment to draw a conclusion. Result: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of schizophrenia, revealing significant differences in the type, severity, and prevalence of thought and communication abnormalities in individuals with the disorder. When correlations were studied statistically, unique findings were observed. It is the influence of age and gender on the expression of these abnormalities, illustrating that as age increases, certain symptoms intensify while others diminish. Males and females also display distinct patterns, with males more prone to certain abnormalities and females to others. Conclusion: In this research, along with the influence of gender and age on schizophrenia, we concluded a correlation between thought process, linguistic, and communication disorders and socio-demographic factors like age and gender, providing valuable and unique insights into the complexities of schizophrenia. Recommendation: Talk therapy methods can help cope and manage the condition of patients

THE IMPACT OF COMORBID MEDICAL CONDITIONS ON PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effect of comorbid scientific situations on the accuracy of psychiatric prognosis and the effectiveness of psychiatric remedies. Specifically, this study aimed to evaluate how comorbid scientific conditions impact the diagnostic process and treatment effects for patients with psychiatric issues. Materials and Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed electronic medical data from a large psychiatric sanatorium over five years. We identified 200 patients with various psychiatric disorders and divided them into two agencies: those with comorbid scientific situations (n=100) and those without comorbid clinical conditions (n=100). We collected data on demographic traits, psychiatric diagnoses, medical comorbidities, prescribed medicines, and treatment results. Statistical analyses protected chi-square tests, logistic regression, and evaluation of variance (ANOVA) to examine the two corporations. Results: Comorbid medical situations considerably impacted psychiatric prognosis and treatment. Patients with comorbid clinical conditions were more likely to not acquire on-time psychiatric diagnoses than those without scientific comorbidities (p<0.05). Additionally, patients with comorbidities had been prescribed a more excellent range of medications. They had a better rate of polypharmacy, which improved the chance of destructive drug interactions and facet consequences (p<0.01). Treatment effects, such as symptom reduction and exceptional life development, were less favourable for patients with comorbid clinical conditions (p<0.001). Conclusion: Comorbid medical conditions significantly affect the accuracy of psychiatric diagnoses and the effectiveness of psychiatric remedies. Healthcare vendors must be vigilant in assessing and dealing with comorbid medical conditions while diagnosing and treating psychiatric disorders to improve affected person results. This study highlights the want for a multidisciplinary technique that considers each psychiatric and clinical aspect of care to optimize the well-being of patients with comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions. Further research is warranted to discover specific strategies for incorporated care and increase pointers for managing comorbidities in psychiatric settings

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH OCD.

Background:A complex and challenging mental health condition due to which millions of people are affected worldwide is depression. It extends well beyond mere sadness or occasional spells of low mood. Instead, depression is a persistent and pervasive sense of despair, hopelessness, and emotional pain that can significantly disrupt a person’s life.Objective:Anxiety disorders can significantly diminish a person’s quality of life (QOL), as this appears to be especially pertinent in the case of individuals dealing with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This research delves into how obsessions, compulsions, and depression uniquely influence the life quality of individuals living with OCD.Methods:A group of 86 individuals who had been diagnosed with OCD based on DSM-IV criteria and were dealing with significant compulsions and obsessions participated in this study. The completed assessments related to their quality of life, the intensity of their obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and the severity of their depression.Results:The severity of obsessive-compulsive disorders was found to significantly predict patients with depression, and a significant relationship between obsession severity and sickness intrusiveness was also found (t = 2.09, P<0.05), with higher obsession severity being associated with higher illness intrusiveness.Conclusion:Considering the importance of these symptoms, there is a clear need for OCD sufferers to get therapies that focus on obsessions and related depression symptoms. It’s crucial to remember that these results should be verified in prospective cohort research. The current cross-sectional approach does not establish the temporal order or causal links between obsessions, depression, and quality of life (QOL). Still, it does allow for the analysis of association between obsession depression, and QOL. Consequently, a longitudinal study is necessary to comprehend the chronological context of these components.Recommendations:The best treatment for OCD is a combination of CBT and SSRIs, especially if OCD symptoms are severe

Oropouche orthobunyavirus infection is mediated by the cellular host factor Lrp1

Oropouche orthobunyavirus (OROV