Correction to: Health risk assessment on human exposed to heavy metals in the ambient air PM10 in Ahvaz, southwest Iran

Heavy metals (HM) are one of the main components of urban air pollution. Today, megacities and industrial regions in southwest of Iran are frequently suffering from severe haze episodes, which essentially caused by PM10-bound heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health risk assessment on human exposed to heavy metals and Zn) in the ambient air PM10 in Ahvaz, southwest Iran. In this study, we estimated healthy people from the following scenarios: (S3) residential site; (S2) high-traffic site; (S1) industrial site in Ahvaz metropolitan during autumn and winter. In the current study, high-volume air samplers equipped with quartz fiber filters were used to sampling and measurements of heavy metal concentration. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was utilized for detection of heavy metal concentration (ng m−3 ). Also, an estimate of the amount of health risk assessment (hazard index) of Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn of heavy metal exposure to participants was used. Result of this study showed that the residential and industrial areas had the lowest and the highest level of heavy metal. Based on the result of this study, average levels of heavy metal in industrial, high-traffic, and residential areas in autumn and winter were 31.48, 30.89, and 23.21 μg m−3 and 42.60, 37.70, and 40.07 μg m−3 , respectively. Based on the result of this study, the highest and the lowest concentration of heavy metal had in the industrial and residential areas. Zn and Pb were the most abundant elements among the studied PM10-bound heavy metals, followed by Cr and Ni. The carcinogenic risks of Cr, Pb, and the integral HQ of metals in PM10 for children and adults via inhalation and dermal exposures exceeded 1 × 10−4 in three areas. Also, based on the result of this study, the values of hazard index (HI) of HM exposure in different areas were significantly higher than standard. The health risks attributed to HM should be further investigated from the perspective of the public health in metropolitans. The result of this study showed increasing exposure concentrations to heavy metal in the studied scenarios have a significant potential for generating different health endpoints, while environmental health management in ambient air can cause disorders in citizenship and causing more spiritual and material costs

Assessment of environmental risk factors effects on hypothyroidism in pregnant women

Background & Aims of the Study: The purpose of this study, was association of environmental factors of hypothyroidism in pregnant women in Abadan during 2016. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive research, 600 women were chosen according to random – stratified sampling. For this purpose at first an information form had been made then the files of pregnant women were checked to realize whether they have Hypothyroidism or not. After this they were asked to visit health centers to fill up the questionnaire at the appointed day. After filling up the questionnaire by each person, the interviewer give a code to each questionnaire related to the person and the center she visited and the information provided by each questionnaire was entered in SPSS  according to the coding. Results: The results showed that approximately environmental factors are one of the most important affects in accelerating of hypothyroidism in pregnant women. According result this study, there is a meaningful relation between hypothyroidism and factors smoking, air pollution, allergy and radiotherapy. Conclusion: finding our study showed that many of the environmental factors that are indicated in pregnancy references as risks for Hypothyroidism were seen in Abadan pregnant women and some of the factors are more common in healthy women. As result, it’s necessary to do examinations before pregnancy to control the situation