Marcas digitales y empresas de la Web 3.0: análisis de redes sociales y análisis temático de las actividades de los usuarios y patrones de comportamiento del comercio minorista en línea

Considering the importance of web 3.0 enterprises in online retailing, this article addresses how these enterprises operate in Iranian context. DigiKala, is an online retailer that has been one of the most successful Start-ups in Iran and has gains 85-90% of the online retailers market of the country. This enterprise has started to evolve its value chain to a platform business. On the other hand, twitter as a free social networking microblogging has been one of the most important tools in online market, as customers, especially on digital markets, share their positive and negative comments in regard with their purchase experience. In this research, firstly social network analysis (SNA) method used to understand the relationships and individual nodes in the network. Then, thematic analysis method applied to analyze the sent tweets to achieve users’ behavioral patterns. Using different social media, like twitter, and sharing the feedback is also valid for Digikala as a web 3.0 enterprises. This research studied the network of tweets in a special events namely Black Friday which DigiKala offered considerable discounts for the customers. Some implications of our research are also presented at the end of this article.Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de las empresas Web 3.0 en el comercio minorista en línea, este artículo explica cómo operan estas empresas en el contexto iraní. DigiKala, es un minorista en línea que ha sido una de las empresas emergentes (start-ups) más exitosas en Irán y ha ganado entre el 85 y el 90% del mercado de minoristas en línea del país. Esta empresa ha comenzado a transformar su cadena de valor hacia un negocio de plataforma. Por otro lado, Twitter como microblogging de redes sociales gratuito, ha sido una de las herramientas más importantes en el mercado en línea, ya que los clientes, especialmente en los mercados digitales, comparten sus comentarios positivos y negativos con respecto a su experiencia de compra. En esta investigación, en primer lugar, se utilizó el método de análisis de redes sociales (SNA) para comprender las relaciones y los nodos individuales en la red. Luego, se aplicó un método de análisis temático para analizar los trinos (tweets) enviados para lograr los patrones de comportamiento de los usuarios. El uso de diferentes redes sociales, como Twitter, y compartir los comentarios también es válido para DigiKala como empresa Web 3.0. Esta investigación estudió la red de tweets en eventos especiales, a saber, el Black Friday, en el que DigiKala ofreció descuentos considerables a sus clientes. Algunas implicaciones de nuestra investigación también se presentan al final de este artículo

Social Innovation: Towards a Better Life after COVID-19 Crisis: What to Concentrate On

We know that saving lives of people is the most important issue during COVID-19 crisis, but we should not forget that due to this crisis, the quality of life for many people will change and new social needs will appear and we must be prepared for that. The main purpose of this research is to find out the areas, which are the most affected ones by the pandemic and have a direct impact on citizens’ lives. This research is a quantitative study, which plans to use the opinions of business and management graduates in Iran to present the status of affected fields of better life index by COVID-19 crisis. A fuzzy TOPSIS method is used here to do this ranking. This research has ranked the most affected indicators of better life index by COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the profile of this impact including the indicators of better life index and their change is also presented in this research. We found out that most affected indicators are Income, jobs, health, life satisfaction and education, respectively. The output of this research can be used for policy makers to start providing support on policies, infrastructures and social innovations on the most affected dimensions in order to reduce the impact of this pandemic on citizens’ everyday life and their quality of life. Also using fuzzy TOPSIS in recognizing the most affected dimensions of quality of life of citizens is a theoretical implication of this research for similar ideas of future researchers. This study is a pioneer in investigating the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on dimensions of life quality of citizens. Also linking the better life index, as a comprehensive index, which has a direct impact on people’s lives to social innovation is another novelty of this research. As it opens a new window for social innovators to know how they can use their innovation capacity to have higher impact on society by shedding light on the main challenges occurred in people’s lives. In this research we have decided to use primary data on perceptions of citizens as waiting to get the official secondary data might take long and, on that time, we might be deep in these societal problems and it might be late to make new directions on them. Research paper Keywords: Social innovation; Better life index; OECD; Fuzzy TOPSIS; Iran; COVID-19 Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Sharafi Farzad, F., Salamzadeh, Y., Bin Amran, A., & Hafezalkotob, A. (2020). Social Innovation: Towards a Better Life after COVID-19 Crisis: What to Concentrate On, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 8(1), 89–120

Social Innovation: Towards a Better Life after COVID-19 Crisis: What to Concentrate On

We know that saving lives of people is the most important issue during COVID-19 crisis, but we should not forget that due to this crisis, the quality of life for many people will change and new social needs will appear and we must be prepared for that. The main purpose of this research is to find out the areas, which are the most affected ones by the pandemic and have a direct impact on citizens’ lives. This research is a quantitative study, which plans to use the opinions of business and management graduates in Iran to present the status of affected fields of better life index by COVID-19 crisis. A fuzzy TOPSIS method is used here to do this ranking. This research has ranked the most affected indicators of better life index by COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the profile of this impact including the indicators of better life index and their change is also presented in this research. We found out that most affected indicators are Income, jobs, health, life satisfaction and education, respectively. The output of this research can be used for policy makers to start providing support on policies, infrastructures and social innovations on the most affected dimensions in order to reduce the impact of this pandemic on citizens’ everyday life and their quality of life. Also using fuzzy TOPSIS in recognizing the most affected dimensions of quality of life of citizens is a theoretical implication of this research for similar ideas of future researchers. This study is a pioneer in investigating the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on dimensions of life quality of citizens. Also linking the better life index, as a comprehensive index, which has a direct impact on people’s lives to social innovation is another novelty of this research. As it opens a new window for social innovators to know how they can use their innovation capacity to have higher impact on society by shedding light on the main challenges occurred in people’s lives. In this research we have decided to use primary data on perceptions of citizens as waiting to get the official secondary data might take long and, on that time, we might be deep in these societal problems and it might be late to make new directions on them. Research paper Keywords: Social innovation; Better life index; OECD; Fuzzy TOPSIS; Iran; COVID-19 Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Sharafi Farzad, F., Salamzadeh, Y., Bin Amran, A., & Hafezalkotob, A. (2020). Social Innovation: Towards a Better Life after COVID-19 Crisis: What to Concentrate On, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 8(1), 89–120

Digital leadership and organizational capabilities in manufacturing industry: A study in Malaysian context

The research is conducted to study the outcome of digital leadership on dynamic capabilities, innovation capabilities, and alliances capabilities in manufacturing industries within the Malaysian context. Today, developing corporations and industries, at the least, require a virtual transformation to have greater organisational abilities in shaping and growing their new and present commercial enterprise to healthy the brand-new generation paradigm. A cross-sectional quantitative method has been used in this study with a sample of 132 respondents with different industry back grounds. These respondents are organisations, which are based on the nature of a business role like authorised representative, distributor, importer, manufacturer, combination authorised representative, distributor and importer, and combination distributor and importer that located in Selangor, Malaysia. The research used the SMART PLS software to analyse and interpret the results. There main hypotheses are proposed and tested. The results showed that digital leadership positively affects dynamic capabilities, innovation capabilities, and alliances capabilities

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens

What Drives Organizations to Start a Cross-sector Partnership? A Review on Typologies and Dimensions

Due to the importance of cross-sector partnerships (CSPs) in today’s world on the one hand and the diversity of the research done in this field, a need for comprehensive frameworks about this practical phenomenon is felt. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive view about drivers of cross-sector partnership to help all actors from government, business, and nonprofit sectors to recognize the big picture of the initial stage of a successful CSP. Although this paper is not a pure literature review article, but a literature review is used as a tool to find all relevant factors which influence starting a CSP. This paper categorizes all these factors into five types of drivers and motives, including main drivers, secondary drivers, partner selection drivers, organizational factors, and contextual factors. Proposing the above-mentioned framework for CSPs drivers is the main novelty of the current paper, and due to its potential to be used both in academia and practices related to CSPs, this framework can be the starting point for many other research policy-making initiatives. On the other hand, CSP partners can also use it to make wiser decisions on building a partnership with other sectors. Research paper Keywords: Cross-Sector Partnership; Typologies; Drivers of Partnership; Partner Selection; Cross-Sector Partnerships’ Antecedents Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Sharafi Farzad, F., Amran, A., Salamzadeh, Y., & Hafezolkotob, A. (2021). What drives organizations to start a cross-sector partnership? A review on typologies and dimensions. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 9(1), 121–162.    &nbsp

Digital leadership and organizational capabilities in manufacturing industry: A study in Malaysian context

The research is conducted to study the outcome of digital leadership on dynamic capabilities, innovation capabilities, and alliances capabilities in manufacturing industries within the Malaysian context. Today, developing corporations and industries, at the least, require a virtual transformation to have greater organizational abilities in shaping and growing their new and present commercial enterprise to healthy the brand-new generation paradigm. A cross-sectional quantitative method has been used in this study with a sample of 132 respondents with different industry back grounds. These respondents are organizations, which are based on the nature of a business role like authorized representative, distributor, importer, manufacturer, combination authorized representative, distributor and importer, and combination distributor and importer that located in Selangor, Malaysia. The research used the SMART PLS software to analyze and interpret the results. There main hypotheses are proposed and tested. The results showed that digital leadership positively affects dynamic capabilities, innovation capabilities, and alliances capabilities

Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries

The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1–4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5–8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 × 5-km2 pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations; strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children

MAPPING LOCAL PATTERNS OF CHILDHOOD OVERWEIGHT AND WASTING IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES BETWEEN 2000 AND 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018

: Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000-2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15-49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization's Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations