Survival of GEJ and gastric adenocarcinoma patients admitted at Imam Khomeini and Aram oncology clinic and treated with preoperative EOX chemotherapy

Abstract Objective: We aimed to investigate safety and efficacy of preoperative chemotherapy using EOX regime in patients with locally advanced gastric and GEJ cancer who were admitted at Imam-Khomeini Oncology clinic and Aram clinic. Method: We performed a mix-cohort study in 51 gastric cancer patients. In the beginning, we performed contrast thorax and abdominal CT scan or ECO cardiograph to determine cancer staging. After that, each patient received 3-weeks EOX regime in 6 cycle. After each three cycles follow-up CT scan was performed to assess any possible progression. Response to the treatment, Overall survival, and Progression-Free Survival were the main outcomes that we evaluated in the current study. We used Kaplan-Meier approach and Cox regression to address survival rate and its prognostic factors. Results: Overall, 72.5% percent were male and mean age of study participants was 57.6. Complete response rate was observed in 11.1%, while 51.1% showed partial response. Median of overall survival and Progression-Free Survival was estimated 35.0 and 28.0 month, respectively. The 5-year overall survival was 74.2% and for PFS it was estimated at 57.7%. Conclusion: Preoperative chemotherapy using EOX regime could increase survival rate among patients with gastric and GEJ cancer

A Post-Marketing Surveillance Study to Evaluate the Safety Profile of AlvotereⓇ (Docetaxel) in Iranian Patients Diagnosed with Different Types of Cancers Receiving Chemotherapy

Background Docetaxel is a clinically well established antimitotic chemotherapy medication. Labeled docetaxel indications are breast cancer, gastric cancer, head and neck cancer, non–small cell lung cancer, and prostate cancer. Objective This is a Phase IV study to evaluate the safety profile of docetaxel (Alvotere; NanoAlvand, Iran) in Iranian patients diagnosed with different types of cancers receiving chemotherapy regimens with docetaxel. Methods Patients who received Alvotere as a part of their chemotherapy regimen were enrolled in this Phase IV, observational, multicenter, open-label study. Alvotere was administrated as a single agent or in combination with other chemotherapy agents. Safety parameters in each cycle were assessed, and the related data were recorded in booklets. Findings A total of 411 patients with different types of cancers were enrolled from 25 centers in Iran. The most common malignancies among participants were breast cancer (49.88%), followed by gastric cancer (22.63%). Participants’ mean age was 53.33 years, and the mean total dose used in each cycle was 132 mg. According to the results, 341 patients experienced at least 1 adverse event, that the most common was alopecia (41.12%). In total, 92 (22.38%) patients had at least 1 adverse event of grade 3 or 4, and 25 (6.08%) patients showed 54 serious adverse events, which the causality assessment for all was possibly related to Alvotere. There was a significant difference between men and women in the incidence of skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (55.63% in women vs 41.73% in men; P = 0.009). Also, the incidence of gastrointestinal disorders, nervous system disorders, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders, hepatic enzymes increase, and fluid retention was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in patients receiving anthracyclines in their chemotherapy regimens. Conclusions The findings of this open-label, observational, multicenter, postmarketing surveillance showed that Alvotere appears to have an acceptable safety profile in Iranian cancer patients receiving chemotherapeutic regimens. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2022; 82:XXX–XXX) © 2022 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Entropy generation due to natural convection in a partially open cavity with a thin heat source subjected to a nanofluid

This article presents a numerical study of natural convection cooling of a heat source mounted inside the cavity, with special attention being paid to entropy generation. The right vertical wall is partially open and is subjected to copper-water nanofluid at a constant low temperature and pressure, while the other boundaries are assumed to be adiabatic. The governing equations have been solved using the finite volume approach, using SIMPLE algorithm on the collocated arrangement. The study has been carried out for a Rayleigh number in the range 10 3 < Ra < 10 6, and for solid volume fraction 0 <φ <0.05. In order to investigate the effect of the heat source and open boundary location, six different configurations are considered. The effects of Rayleigh numbers, heat source and open boundary locations on the streamlines, isotherms, local entropy generation, Nusselt number, and total entropy generation are investigated. The results indicate that when open boundary is located up, the fluid flow augments and hence the heat transfer and Nusselt number increase and total entropy generation decreases

MHD natural convection and entropy generation in a trapezoidal enclosure using Cu–water nanofluid

The present work investigates the entropy generation and enhancement of heat transfer in natural convection flow and heat transfer using Copper (Cu)-water nanofluid in the presence of a constant magnetic field. The analysis uses a two dimensional trapezoidal enclosure with the left vertical wall and inclined walls kept in a low constant temperature and a heat source with constant heat flux placed on the bottom wall of the enclosure. The governing equations were discretized by the control volume method and solved numerically by SIMPLE algorithm. The computations were carried out for a wide range of the Rayleigh number (104 ≤ Ra ≤ 107), Hartman number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 100) and solid volume fraction (0 ≤ φ ≤ 0.05). The results show that at Ra=104 and 105 the enhancement of the Nusselt number due to presence of nanoparticles increases with the Hartman number, but at higher Rayleigh number, a reduction has been observed. In addition it was observed that the entropy generation is decreased when the nanoparticles are present, while the magnetic field generally increases the magnitude of the entropy generation

Neuropathy caused by B12 deficiency in a patient with ileal tuberculosis: A case report

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

The Effect of Aromatherapy with Peppermint Essential Oil on Nausea and Vomiting in the Acute Phase of Chemotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Chemotherapy is one of the main treatment options for cancer patients. Nausea and vomiting are also the most common side effects of chemotherapy drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aromatherapy with peppermint essential oil on nausea and vomiting in the acute phase of chemotherapy (the first 24 hours) in patients with breast cancer. METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 100 women with breast cancer who were referred to the chemotherapy centers of Imam Khomeini Hospital on an outpatient basis for the first course. Patients were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Peppermint essential oil was used in the intervention group, while normal saline was used in the control group. Frequency and severity of acute nausea and vomiting in the first night after chemotherapy were recorded and compared using Rhodes standard questionnaire with a mean score of 0 – 32. FINDINGS: The two groups were not statistically different in terms of age, duration of cancer, history of alcohol abuse and history of nausea and vomiting. The mean score of nausea in the aromatherapy group was 1.1±1.02 and in the in the control group was 1.82±1.39 (p<0.014). The mean score of vomiting in the intervention group was 0.34±0.66 and in the control group was 0.66±0.97 (p<0.032). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the use of aromatherapy with peppermint essential oil, along with the use of routine anti-nausea / vomiting drugs, can reduce nausea and vomiting in the acute phase of chemotherap

Bacteroides Fragilis Supernatant Plays Anti-Viability Roles Accompanied by Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest via P62/Caspase8/ Bax/Fas Pathway in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cell Line: Anticancer effects of B. fragilis

From two classes of Bacteroides fragilis, enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF) is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), yet several non-toxigenic B. fragilis (NTBF) confers powerful health benefits to the host and may be potential probiotic. In this study, the HT-29 cell line was treated with the supernatant of NTBF strain ATCC-23745. Then, the expression level of mTOR /p62/Caspase8/Bax proposed signaling pathway and cell viability, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle progression were determined using Real-time PCR and flow cytometry, respectively. We found that the B. fragilis supernatant inhibited cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Further, the arrest of the HT-29 cells at the G1 and sub-G1 phases also signified apoptotic cell death after 24 and 72h. The gene expression study revealed that the supernatant significantly up-regulated the Caspase8/Bax/Fas-mediated apoptosis signaling while suppressing the anti-apoptotic mTOR and p62 expression. Our findings suggest that the NTBF ATCC-23745 strain may be a potential probiotic and can be used in CRC treatment

Influence of HER2 Overexpression on Response to Cetuximab in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, Tehran, Iran

Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the fourth cause of mortality in the world. HER2, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has an influence on prognosis and overall survival in breast and metastatic gastric cancers. We evaluated the prevalence of HER2 positivity among Iranian patients with CRC and determined the response rate to Cetuximab, an EGFRtargeted drug in eligible HER2 positive patients. Methods: HER2 immunohistochemistry staining was carried out in samples of 150 CRC patients and the prevalence of HER2 overexpression was estimated. We also investigated the association of HER2 overexpression with the prognostic factors, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) as well as response to Cetuximab in the patients by reviewing the medical Results: The prevalence of HER2 overexpression was12%. The mean of follow-ups was 40.67 ± 21.57 weeks in the patients with HER2 overexpression. PFS and OS were lower in HER2 overexpressed patient than other. There was only a borderline relation between the distant metastasis and HER2 expression. Considering the response to Cetuximab, there was a significant difference between HER2 positive and HER2 negative groups. Conclusions: Our study provides further evidence in the effect of HER2 overexpression in CRC patients on the OS, PFS, and response to Cetuximab