English Non-generic Negation: A Problematic Area for Arabic Translators

The present paper aims to show that the appropriate textualization into Arabic of English non-generic negation by the Adverbials (namely too and hardly/barely/scarcely) can be a problematic area for Arabic translators. The textual data is extracted from several published translations in an attempt to show what procedures translators follow when encountering such negation and how successful they are. While the findings provide solid evidence for the serious mishaps (about 34.2% of the renderings involve one kind of problem or another) that Arabic translators experience in this area, the critical discussion unravels several textual procedures that can capture the subtleties inherent in this kind of adverbial negation.   Keywords: generic negation, non-generic negation, English, Arabic, translation

Determination of the antioxidant activity of surface treated PET films coated with natural extracts

Food oxidation is one of the major concerns that food producers and consumers face. In that regard, we are developing antioxidant polyethylene terephthalate (PET) filmthat could be employed for packaging fish products. Commercial PET films were surface treated and subsequently coated with either rosemary or clove extracts. Surface treatments involveda) corona treatment and b) chemical modification which are industrial means of surface treatment; Plasma treatment, at laboratory scale, was also used.Radical scavenging activities (RSA) of both pure plant extracts and coated film extractsweremeasured using the 2,2- Diphenyl-1-Picryl Hydrazyl(DPPH) method. Treated films coated with rosemary showed %RSA of 25.6%, 22.4% and 24.1% pertaining to plasma, chemical modification and corona treated films at 1402 ppm respectively and AE values of 0.35, 0.26 and 0.28 respectively, whilepure rosemaryextract showed %RSA of 16.03% and AE value of 0.19. As for the treated films that were coated with clove, it showed %RSA of 25.0%, 25.22% and 25.15% for plasma, chemical modification and corona treatments at 1402 ppm respectively and AE values of 0.31, 0.32 and 0.33 respectively, while the plantextract showed %RSA of 47.62% and AE value of 0.72. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) antioxidant testwas also performed on fish muscle wrapped in all types of filmswhich all showed a remarkable decrease in the degree of fish oxidationranging between 50 to 80%. All TBA tests were terminated on day 6 of storage which is in accordance with the end of the product microbiological shelf life, where TVC reached the borderline of 7 log cfu/g. Contact angle measurements confirmedthat chemicallymodifiedfilms have the highest adhesion power followed by corona then plasmatreated films. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) results supported contact angle measurements where chemically modified films showed the roughest surface followed by corona then plasma treated films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements also revealedthat chemicallymodified filmsresulted in the formation of a higher concentration of oxygen containing functional groups on the PET surface as compared to other treatments, indicative of the highest surface adhesion capacity of the chemically modified film. Finally, the oxygen permeability of chemically modified PET films was the same as untreated films which is an indication that treatment did not affect film barrier properties

Remodeling in kuwaiti newspaper commentary titles

The paper examines remodeling as a discourse mechanism in two Kuwaiti newspaper commentary titles, in an attempt to shed light on their thematic, phraseological and linguistic resources and to see whether ideology or policy making plays a role in the choice between a remodeled title and a commonplace one. It argues that remodeled titles inhere a semiotic power that far exceeds their ordinary counterparts due to their possessing properties such as appeal, amusingness and informativeness. In terms of phraseology, collocations and clichéd expressions emerge as the most exploited material for creating remodeled titles. As for linguistic resources,writers fall back on semantic, structural, and prosodic strategies in the process of remodeling titles

Studying the Adaptive Comfort Model - A Case Study in Arid Climate: Cairo, Egypt

This study focused on investigating the thermal environment and its effect on the comfort mechanism in the hot arid climate of Cairo, Egypt. The effects of individual factors on the perception and preference of occupants in three educational buildings in the Greater Cairo Region were studied

The chaos theory as experimental Starting in developmental imagination to build contemorary paintings

ABSTRACT:This Research enables the studying of scientific essence and extracting their laws to the artist for perceiving the relationships and the systems that enriching both oF Innovation and creativity to him , In goth century , It appeared many of intellectual and philosophical theories and the chaos theory is an important of them that considered as of mathe and physical recently theary that took a curriculum in thinring throughout the total cognitive integration and recomstruction of the elements and the trace structural systems associated with shape and randomness , the research problem was identified in the followting question IS it possible to reveal some athetic solutions to the systems on which the chaos theory is based to be anew entry point for updating intellectual and technical practices in the fields of drawing and painting ? and the research was aimed to enriching and developing mental imagination broadening the artistic vision and variety of the students , and the importance of the research becomes clear to comtribute to opening the field of becomes clear to comtribute to opening the field of experimentation as one of the important entrances to finding plastic solutions based om benefiting from the chaos theory as an experimental basis for con structing contem porary porary figurative paintings .The research adopts the descriptive analyticai and empirical approach one of the results of the research is that the chaos theory is replete with aesthetic solutions that enrich intellectual and technical practices . The research recommends deepening the study of scientific theories and searching for innovative performance methods in various branches of plastic art in general and in the field of drawing and painting in particular

Comparing Occupants' Satisfaction in LEED Certified Office Buildings and Non-LEED Certified Office Buildings: A Case Study of Office Buildings in Egypt and Turkey

Energy consumption and users' satisfaction were compared in three LEED certified office buildings in turkey and an office building in Egypt. The field studies were conducted in summer 2012. The measured environmental parameters in the four buildings were indoor air temperature, relative humidity, CO2 percentage and light intensity. The traditional building is located in Smart Village in Abu Rawash, Cairo, Egypt. The building was studied for 7 days resulting in 84 responds. The three rated buildings are in Istanbul; Turkey. A Platinum LEED certified office building is owned by BASF and gained a platinum certificate for new construction and major renovation. The building was studied for 3 days resulting in 13 responds. A Gold LEED certified office building is owned by BASF and gained a gold certificate for new construction and major renovation. The building was studied for 2 days resulting in 10 responds. A silver LEED certified office building is owned by Unilever and gained a silver certificate for commercial interiors. The building was studied for 7 days resulting in 84 responds. The results showed that all buildings had no significant difference regarding occupants' satisfaction with the amount of lighting, noise level, odor and access to the outdoor view. There was significant difference between occupants' satisfaction in LEED certified buildings and the traditional building regarding the thermal environment and the perception of the general environment (colors, carpet and decoration. The findings suggest that careful design could lead to a certified building that enhances the thermal environment and the perception of the indoor environment leading to energy consumption without scarifying occupants' satisfaction

Comparing Occupants' Satisfaction in LEED Certified Office Buildings and Non-LEED Certified Office Buildings: A Case Study of Office Buildings in Egypt and Turkey

Energy consumption and users' satisfaction were compared in three LEED certified office buildings in turkey and an office building in Egypt. The field studies were conducted in summer 2012. The measured environmental parameters in the four buildings were indoor air temperature, relative humidity, CO2 percentage and light intensity. The traditional building is located in Smart Village in Abu Rawash, Cairo, Egypt. The building was studied for 7 days resulting in 84 responds. The three rated buildings are in Istanbul; Turkey. A Platinum LEED certified office building is owned by BASF and gained a platinum certificate for new construction and major renovation. The building was studied for 3 days resulting in 13 responds. A Gold LEED certified office building is owned by BASF and gained a gold certificate for new construction and major renovation. The building was studied for 2 days resulting in 10 responds. A silver LEED certified office building is owned by Unilever and gained a silver certificate for commercial interiors. The building was studied for 7 days resulting in 84 responds. The results showed that all buildings had no significant difference regarding occupants' satisfaction with the amount of lighting, noise level, odor and access to the outdoor view. There was significant difference between occupants' satisfaction in LEED certified buildings and the traditional building regarding the thermal environment and the perception of the general environment (colors, carpet and decoration. The findings suggest that careful design could lead to a certified building that enhances the thermal environment and the perception of the indoor environment leading to energy consumption without scarifying occupants' satisfaction

Comparing Occupants' Satisfaction in LEED Certified Office Buildings and Non-LEED Certified Office Buildings: A Case Study of Office Buildings in Egypt and Turkey

Energy consumption and users' satisfaction were compared in three LEED certified office buildings in turkey and an office building in Egypt. The field studies were conducted in summer 2012. The measured environmental parameters in the four buildings were indoor air temperature, relative humidity, CO2 percentage and light intensity. The traditional building is located in Smart Village in Abu Rawash, Cairo, Egypt. The building was studied for 7 days resulting in 84 responds. The three rated buildings are in Istanbul; Turkey. A Platinum LEED certified office building is owned by BASF and gained a platinum certificate for new construction and major renovation. The building was studied for 3 days resulting in 13 responds. A Gold LEED certified office building is owned by BASF and gained a gold certificate for new construction and major renovation. The building was studied for 2 days resulting in 10 responds. A silver LEED certified office building is owned by Unilever and gained a silver certificate for commercial interiors. The building was studied for 7 days resulting in 84 responds. The results showed that all buildings had no significant difference regarding occupants' satisfaction with the amount of lighting, noise level, odor and access to the outdoor view. There was significant difference between occupants' satisfaction in LEED certified buildings and the traditional building regarding the thermal environment and the perception of the general environment (colors, carpet and decoration. The findings suggest that careful design could lead to a certified building that enhances the thermal environment and the perception of the indoor environment leading to energy consumption without scarifying occupants' satisfaction