Does Islamic Banking Sector Matter for Income Disparity Reduction? Empirical Evidence from Indonesia

Purpose: This empirical study aims to investigate the impact of the Islamic banking sector, economic growth, and inflation on the reduction of income disparities in Indonesia from the short-run and long-run perspectives.   Theoretical framework: Since the 19th century, the interaction between the financial sector, economic growth, and income disparity has been intensively researched and received attention both from financial economists and practitioners. The linkages between the financial sector, including the banking industry, economic growth, and income inequality have been a debatable issue, whether the financial sector affects economic growth and income inequality or vice versa. Within this theoretical framework, the study builds an empirical model to examine the contribution of the Islamic banking industry to economic growth and income inequality in the context of Indonesia.   Design/methodology/approach: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method is adopted to analyse the monthly time-series data from January 2015 to December 2020 to measure the short-run and long-run effects of Islamic banking performance, economic growth, and inflation on income disparity in Indonesia.   Findings: The results of the study revealed that Islamic banks contributed to the reduction of income disparity in Indonesia both in the short run and long run.  In addition, economic growth and price stability also helped reduce income disparities in the country both in the short run and long run.   Research, Practical & Social implications: The findings of the study suggest the importance for Islamic banks to provide quality of balanced, effective, affordable, and high-quality financing to the priority real sector to enhance their impacts on economic growth and income disparity reduction. The Indonesian Monetary Authority should continuously strengthen the policy mix through various innovations to continuously ensure banks' ability to channel financing to the real economic sector and build an effective financing allocation mechanism to promote inclusive economic growth that reduces income disparity nationwide.   Originality/value: The study is among the first attempts to measure and evaluate the contribution of the Islamic banking industry to income disparity reduction in Indonesia using various indicators to measure Islamic banking performance and an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration

Measuring and Decomposing Productivity of Co-operatives in Aceh, Indonesia

This study empirically assesses the co-operatives' productivity across 23 districts/cities in Aceh province, Indonesia, over 2014-2018 using the Malmquist Total Factor of Productivity Index (MTFPI) based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Unlike previous studies that focused only on selected sectors and industries, this study examines the co-operative productivity of all industries and sectors within one province. Overall, this study recorded a low productivity level of co-operatives. Only co-operatives in Subulussalam City consistently experienced a fully productive using both Constant Return to Scale (CRS) and Variable Return to Scale (VRS) estimations. Meanwhile, based on the VRS estimation, the study found that the co-operatives in Aceh Besar and Aceh Utara's districts had experienced total productivity. Overall, the co-operatives' productivity level has slightly declined, contributed mainly by a decline in technical efficiency. However, the co-operatives' efficiency level has increased, mainly due to their scale efficiency improvement. The findings suggested the importance of implementing sound co-operative governance principles and enhancing technical efficiency by adopting e-marketing and the internet of things in their business activities.How to Cite:Majid, M.S.A., Faisal, F., Fahlevi, H., & Azhari, A. (2022). Measuring and Decomposing Productivity of Co-operatives in Aceh, Indonesia. Etikonomi, 21(1), 55-66. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v21i1.21299

KONTRIBUSI USAHATANI KOPI ROBUSTA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI DI NAGARI GUGUAK MALALO KECAMATAN BATIPUH SELATAN KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR

ABSTRAK Penentuan kontribusi berguna sebagai dasar untuk mengetahui seberapa besar peranan usaha yang selama ini dikerjakan oleh seseorang terhadap pendapatan dan akhirnya dapat diandalkan untuk sumber penghasilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil usahatani kopi robusta di Nagari Guguak Malalo Kecamatan Batipuh Selatan, Kabupaten Tanah Datar dan menganalisa kontribusi usahatani kopi robusta terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga petani di Nagari Guguak Malalo, Kecamatan Batipuh Selatan, Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan metode survey dengan jumlah populasi pada penelitian adalah 140 sedangkan yang dijadikan sampel sebanyak 34, melalui pengambilan data sekunder dan data primer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanenan kopi hanya dilakukan satu kali dalam satu tahun dengan rata-rata produksi kopi 429,76 Kg. Harga berkisar antara Rp. 20.000 – Rp. 25.000 per kilogramnya, rata-rata penerimaan yang didapatkan sebesar Rp. 9.187.029,41/Tahun sedangkan rata-rata biaya yang dikeluarkan adalah Rp. 1.421.470,59/Tahun dan rata-rata pendapatan usahatani Kopi sebesar Rp. 7.636441,17/Tahun. Untuk kontribusi usahatani Kopi para petani di Nagari Guguak Malalo terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga bernilai 28,53% termasuk kategori kecil karena berada pada (<30%). Perlunya bagi petani meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang usahatani kopi agar meningkatkan produksi dan produktivitas kopi

The Effect of Brisk Walking Exercise on Changes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Factor in Older Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease in which the joints become inflamed causing swelling, pain and often eventually causing damage to the inside of the joint. Hence, physical exercise is believed could gives healing effects on health issues. The research design used by researchers is quasi-experimental designs with a pre-test – post-test group design without a control group. The results showed that there was a significant effect of brisk walking exercise on rheumatoid factor levels (IU/ml) in elderly women with rheumatoid arthritis symptoms with a significant value (Sig) <0.05. It means giving Brisk Walking Exercise to changes in Rheumatoid factor levels (RF) has a significant effect on elderly women with rheumatoid arthritis symptoms

STUDI PERLAKUAN TERHADAP TANAH UNTUK MENENTUKAN NILAI RESISTANSI DAN TAHANAN JENIS PENTANAHAN

Sistem pentanahan  pada suatu perangkat instalasi yang berfungsi untuk melepaskan arus petir ke dalam bumi atau arus gangguan. Semakin kecil nilai resistansi atau tahanan pentanahan akan semakin baik terutama untuk pengamanan personil dan peralatan-peralatan listrik. Perlakuan terhadap elektroda pentanahan jenis rod yang terbuat dari tembaga dan baja diharapkan sarana efektif untuk menurunkan nilai  resistansi tanah. Pencampuran kalsium oksida (CaO) seberat 10 kg pada tanah kerikil basah mengakibatkan kenaikan nilai resistansi tanah 547-745 ?, dan nilai tahanan jenis tanah 749,06-1020,19 ?.m mendekati nilai dengan  jenis tanah berkerikil kering, sebaliknya  penambahan zat aditif gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) yang dapat menyerap air berhasil menurunkan nilai resistansi pentanahan menjadi 54,72-63.70 ? dan merubah tahanan jenis tanah dari tanah kerikil basah menjadi jenis tanah ladang

Impact of Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investment and Financial Development on Stock Prices in China: Empirical Evidence from Time Series Analysis

The study aims to empirically examine the dynamic relationship between GDP, stock prices, FDI and domestic credit to the private sector for China by using the ARDL approach for the period 1999Q1:2015Q1. The study confirmed the long-run cointegration among the variables. The empirical results revealed that stock prices and the associated regressors are in a long-term equilibrium relationship; stock prices converge to the long-run equilibrium position by 18.6% speed of adjustment via channel of GDP, stock price, FDI, and domestic credit to the private sector. The findings of the study further revealed that FDI has a positive impact on stock prices in the long-run, while financial development has a negative effect. The robustness of the ARDL bounds test of cointegration was examined by using Johansen and Juselius's (1990) maximum likelihood cointegration approach. Finally, the results of Granger causality under the framework of VECM showed a unidirectional short-run Granger causality that runs from stock prices to economic growth and from economic growth to FDI, specifying the absence of the FDI-led growth hypothesis. Likewise, a bi-directional causality has been found between financial development and stock prices. Keywords: Stock price, ARDL, Cointegration, Granger causality. JEL Classifications: C22, G10, B2

THE EFFECT OF BEHAVIOUR FACTOR ON THE SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF LOW-RISE AND HIGH-RISE RC BUILDINGS

This study investigates the performance of RC buildings designed according to Eurocode 8. Two families of RC buildings (i.e., 3 storey and 18 storey) are investigated using nonlinear static or push over analysis (POA). Each family of the buildings consists of five generic RC models with different behaviour factor namely 1, 1.5, 2, 4 and 6. The effect of behaviour factor to the buildings response characteristic parameters, i.e., elastic and inelastic stiffness, base shear strength at yield and maximum strength level and top displacement ductility are discussed thoroughly in this study. It is found that, the behaviour factor has a significant effect on the performance of RC buildings. Furthermore, this study also propose the relationship between displacement ductility and behaviour factor for high-rise and low-rise RC buildings and this equation which has high correlation factor can be used by designer or engineer to estimate the ductility capacity of low rise and high rise RC buildings based on their designed behaviour factor

Risk of neuropsychiatric adverse effects of lipid-lowering drugs: a Mendelian randomization study

Background: Recent studies have highlighted the possible risk of neuropsychiatric adverse effects during treatment with lipid-lowering medications. However, there are still controversies that require a novel genetic-based approach to verify whether the impact of lipid-lowering drug treatment results in neuropsychiatric troubles including insomnia, depression, and neuroticism. Thus, we applied Mendelian randomization to assess any potential neuropsychiatric adverse effects of conventional lipid-lowering drugs such as statins, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, and ezetimibe. Methods: A 2-sample Mendelian randomization study was conducted based on summary statistics from genome-wide association studies for lipids, insomnia, depression, and neuroticism. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms located in or near drug target genes of HMGCR, PCSK9, and NPC1L1 were used as proxies for statins, PCSK9 inhibitors, and ezetimibe therapy, respectively. To assess the validity of the genetic risk score, their associations with coronary artery disease were used as a positive control. Results: The Mendelian randomization analysis showed a statistically significant (P &lt;.004) increased risk of depression after correcting for multiple testing with both statins (odds ratio=1.15, 95% CI: 1.04–1.19) and PCSK9 inhibitor treatment (odds ratio =1.19, 95%CI: 1.1–1.29). The risk of neuroticism was slightly reduced with statin therapy (odds ratio=0.9, 95%CI: 0.83–0.97). No significant adverse effects were associated with ezetimibe treatment. As expected, the 3 medications significantly reduced the risk of coronary artery disease. Conclusion: Using a genetic-based approach, this study showed an increased risk of depression during statin and PCSK9 inhibitor therapy while their association with insomnia risk was not significant

Improving the stiffness of multilayer 3D woven composites by the integration of shape memory alloys (SMAs) into structures

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are capable of shape-retaining and stress generation when activated. SMA wires are embedded in laminated composites for improving the properties of the composites. Laminated composites have low through-the-thickness properties and poor delamination resistance. 3D composites are well known for having higher through-the-thickness properties. In 3D woven composites, a set of yarn is in through-the-thickness direction that improves through-the- thickness properties and provides resistance to delamination of layers. As in multilayer 3D woven structures, yarns are distributed from in-plane to through-the-thickness direction, so in-plane properties are reduced with the same number of yarns compared to 2D laminated composites. In this research, SMA wires are embedded into different types of 3D woven structures for utilising stress generation property of SMA wires for improving in-plane properties, specifically stiffness of the composites. Three types of 3D orthogonal interlocking composites: layer-to-layer, through-the-thickness, and modified multilayer interlock structures are fabricated with and without SMA wires. From the tensile test, results show that embedding SMA wires into structures significantly improves the stiffness of the structures due to the stress-induced martensite phase of SMA wire when subjected to load. When these SMA wires are activated, stresses are generated by SMA wires due to phase transformation from martensite to austenite that further gives remarkable higher values of stiffness. This results in a composite structure that has higher in-plane properties due to embedded SMA wire and through-the-thickness properties due to 3D structure of composite reinforcement. The interlocking pattern in the through-the-thickness direction of 3D structures was also found to have an effect on the extent of the improvement in stiffness