A infusão de cascas de romã é efetiva na desinfecção de escovas dentais?

Introdução: Os métodos de descontaminação ou desinfecção de escovas dentais têm sido questionados. Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou a eficácia da infusão de cascas de romã como um desinfetante de escovas dentais contra Streptococcus mutans. Material e método: Uma amostra de 16 escolares com idade entre 7 e 9 anos realizou escovação dentária cuidadosa, uma vez ao dia por 5 dias/semana durante 4 semanas. Após cada dia de escovação, as escovas foram lavadas e pulverizadas com uma solução desinfetante. Este procedimento foi repetido por 4 semanas utilizando uma das diferentes soluções por semana: água destilada (G1; grupo controle), infusão de casca de romã (Punica granatum Linn) (G2), hipoclorito de sódio a 1% (G3) e digluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% (G4). Após o quinto dia, as escovas foram coletadas para análise laboratorial. As cabeças das escovas foram agitadas em solução salina diluída em 10–1, 10–2,10–3, e 25μL de cada diluição foi semeada em meio de cultura agar mitis salivarius para contagem de unidade formadora de colônias (UFC) de S. mutans. Um examinador calibrado (Kappa = 0,91) realizou a contagem de UFC mL–1 × 104 . Os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e de Comparações Múltiplas de Dunn foram usados em um nível de significância de 5%. Resultado: G1 apresentou o maior número de UFC (3,9 ± 8,4), seguido de G2 (3,2 ± 4,0). Não foi observado crescimento de S. mutans em G3 e G4. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre G1 e G2 e entre G3 e G4 (p>0,05). Conclusão: A infusão de romã foi completamente ineficaz para a desinfecção de escovas dentais contra S. mutans quando comparada às soluções de hipoclorito de sódio a 1% e digluconato de clorexidina a 0,12%.Introduction: Methods of decontamination or sanitization of toothbrushes have been questioned. Objective: This study assessed the effectiveness of pomegranate peels infusion as a disinfectant of toothbrushes against Streptococcus mutans. Material and method: A sample of 16 schoolchildren aged between 7 and 9 years performed brushing 5 days/week, with a careful brushing once a day. After each day of brushing, the toothbrushes were washed and sprayed with one disinfectant solution. This procedure was repeated for 4 weeks using one of the different solutions per week: distilled water (G1; negative control), pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn) peels infusion (G2), 1% sodium hypochlorite (G3) and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (G4). After the fifth day, toothbrushes were collected for laboratory analysis. Toothbrushes heads were subjected to agitation in saline dilution of 10–1, 10–2,10–3, and 25 μL of each dilution were seeded in mitis salivarius agar culture medium for S. mutans colony-forming unit (CFU) counting. One calibrated examiner (Kappa = 0.91) performed the CFU (mL–1 × 104 ) counts. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn Multiple Comparison tests were used at a significance level of 5%. Result: G1 presented the highest number of CFU (3.9 ± 8.4), followed by G2 (3.2 ± 4.0). No S. mutans growth was observed in G3 and G4. There was no statistically significant difference between G1 and G2 and between G3 and G4 (p>0.05). Conclusion: Pomegranate infusion was completely ineffective for the disinfection of toothbrushes against S. mutans when compared with 1% sodium hypochlorite and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate solution

Antimicrobial, mechanical and biocompatibility analysis of chlorhexidine digluconate-modified cements

The focus of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of glass ionomer (GICs) modified by Chlorhexidine (CHX). For biocompatibility, 105 male Wistar rats were used, divided into 7 groups (n=15): Group C (Control,Polyethylene), Groups M, M10, M18, and Groups RL, RL10, RL18 (M-Meron and RL-Riva Luting: conventional, and modified with 10%, and 18% CHX, respectively). The tissues were analyzed under optical microscope for different cellular events and time intervals. Antibacterial effect and Shear Bond Strength Test (SBST) were also analyzed. Biocompatibility was analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests; SBST one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (P<0.05). For the antibacterial effect, the Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman, followed by Dunn (P<0.05) tests were used. Morphological study of the tissues showed inflammatory infiltrate with significant differences between Groups C and RL18, in the time intervals of 7(P=0.013) and 15(P=0.032) days. The antimicrobial effects of the cements was shown to be CHX concentration-dependent (P=0.001). The SBST showed no significant difference between the Groups of Meron cement (P=0.385), however, there was difference between Group RL and Groups RL10 and RL18 (P=0.001). The addition of CHX did not negatively influence the SBST. Meron-CHX-10% was the most biocompatible, and Riva-CHX-18% had more influence on the inflammatory process and presented slower tissue repair

Effect of orthodontic treatment on tooth autotransplantation : systematic review of controlled clinical trials

This systematic review was focused on evaluating tooth autotransplantation, considering its impacts on the teeth, bone, soft tissues, and aesthetics in orthodontic patients. A bibliographic search was conducted without limitations on year of publication or language in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline Complete, Cochrane, Clinical Trials, and Trials Central. For triage of articles, indications, surgical planning, orthodontic movement, risk factors for treatment, and long-term follow-ups were considered. For outcomes, the results with reference to teeth, alveolar bone, periodontal tissues, and esthetic satisfaction were considered. Risk of bias was evaluated using the methodological index for nonrandomized studies-MINORS. The results showed 10 controlled clinical trials, and no randomized clinical trials were found. The selected studies included 715 patients and 934 autotransplanted teeth among which there were premolars, molars, and anterior teeth evaluated in the long term, indicating that orthodontics associated with autotransplantation indicated a result that was generally clinically acceptable. The quality of the set of evidence was considered medium due to the presence of different methodological problems, risk of bias, and significant heterogeneity in the evaluated studies. There was a sufficient body of evidence that justified autotransplantation in patients who needed orthodontic movement. In teeth, there was an increase in root resorption influenced by orthodontics, but without impacting on the general clinical result in the long term. Bone and periodontal tissue do not appear to be affected by orthodontics. The patient’s aesthetic satisfaction was not considered in the studies

Effect of hydrochloric acid commercial presentation for microabrasion technique on loss of enamel structure and surface

Introdução: A técnica de microabrasão pode ser realizada através de pasta pronta para uso, disponível comercialmente, ou o profissional pode manipulá-la no consultório. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito da apresentação comercial do ácido clorídrico a 10% na manipulação de pasta para microabrasão sobre a superfície do esmalte. Metodologia: Foram selecionados incisivos bovinos e divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com a apresentação comercial do ácido clorídrico (líquido ou em gel). O tratamento foi realizado através de dez aplicações com 10s de duração cada, intercaladas por lavagem de 10s. Vinte incisivos (n=10) foram utilizados para se determinar a perda de estrutura do esmalte. Cada amostra foi pesada, em balança analítica, antes e após submissão à microabrasão. Outras 20 amostras (n=10) foram utilizadas para determinação da rugosidade superficial média (Ra) utilizando-se um rugosímetro. Três amostras de cada grupo do experimento anterior foram selecionadas, aleatoriamente, e outras três amostras adicionais foram preparadas como controle (baseline) para análise em MEV. Resultados: Verificou-se diferença estatística significativa entre a massa final e a inicial e rugosidade superficial das amostras, independente da apresentação comercial do ácido. Nas imagens de MEV observou-se presença de superfície regular para o grupo controle (baseline). Nas demais imagens verificou-se superfície com considerável irregularidade e dissolução discreta do esmalte. Conclusões: O tratamento realizado causou perda significativa de estrutura e aumentou a rugosidade superficial dos espécimes, independente da apresentação comercial do ácido e sem apresentar diferença entre os grupos ao final. A apresentação comercial do ácido não parece ser um fator a interferir no tratamento.Introduction: The microabrasion technique can be performed using a commercially available paste, or the dentist can prepare it in his office. Objective: To verify the effect of hydrochloric acid commercial presentation in the handling of microabrasion paste on the enamel surface. Methodology: Bovine incisors were divided into two groups, according to the commercial presentation of 10% hydrochloric acid (liquid or gel). The treatment was carried out through ten applications of 10 s duration each, intercalated with a 10s wash. Twenty teeth (n=10) were used to determine the loss of enamel structure. Each sample was weighed on an analytical balance before and after submission to microabrasion. Another 20 teeth (n=10) were used to determine the average surface roughness (Ra) using a rugosimeter. Three samples from each group of the previous experiment were selected, randomly, and another three additional samples were prepared as a control (baseline) for SEM analysis. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the final and initial mass and the surface roughness of the samples, regardless of the acid commercial presentation. In the SEM images, a regular surface was observed for the control group (baseline). In the other images, there was a surface with considerable irregularity and a slight dissolution of the enamel. Conclusions: The treatment carried out caused a significant loss of structure and increased the surface roughness of the specimens, regardless of the acid commercial presentation and without showing any difference between groups at the end of the treatment. The acid commercial presentation did not appear to be a factor interfering

Presence of mutans streptococci and Candida spp. in dental plaque/dentine of carious teeth and early childhood caries

This study determined the presence of mutans streptococci and Candida spp. in supragingival. dental plaque and infected dentine of caries-free children, with early childhood caries and caries. Pooled samples of dental plaque and infected dentine were collected from 56 children aged 1-5 years, which were divided into 3 groups: early childhood caries (ECC); caries and caries-free. Infected dentine was collected in ECC and caries groups to compare the frequency of these microorganisms in the collected sites. The samples were inoculated in SB20 and SA medium, for mutans streptococci and Candida spp., respectively, and incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 h. Colony growth was verified and the identification was performed by biochemical tests and CHROMagar Candida. Fisher's test or chi-square (chi(2)) were applied (p = 0.05). The more prevalent species were S. mutans and Candida albicans in ECC (85.4% and 60.4%, respectively), independently of the sample site. S. mutans only was significantly associated with carious teeth, whether in early childhood caries or not. However, the frequency of C. albicans in ECC was higher when compared to caries and caries-free groups. There is a significant association between the presence of C. albicans and early childhood caries. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Histological analysis of biocompatibility of ionomer cements with an acid-base reaction

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory and cure events of acid-based reactions using glass ionomer cement used for cementation of crowns, bridges, onlays and orthodontic bands implanted in subcutaneous tissue, at different time intervals. A total of 48 male Wistar rats were used, distributed into 4 groups (n = 12), as follows: Group C (control, polyethylene), Group ME (Meron), Group KC (Ketac Cem) and Group PR (Precedent). The animals were sacrificed after time intervals of 7, 15 and 30 days, and their tissues were analyzed under an optical microscope for such events as inflammatory infiltrate, edema, necrosis, granulation tissue, multinucleated giant cells, young fibroblasts and collagen. The results was assessed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (p < 0.05). In the initial period, intense inflammatory infiltrate was observed for all the materials with no significant difference among them (p = 0.104). Groups PR and KC showed significant difference in relation to Group C, at 7 days (p = 0.025) and 15 days (p = 0.006). Edema and giant cells were more expressive in Group ME, differing significantly from Groups C (p = 0.023) and KC (p = 0.039), respectively, at 7 days. Group ME showed a statistically significant difference in relation to Groups PR and KC for the presence of young fibroblasts (p = 0.009) and for collagen (p = 0.002), at 7 days. Within the limits of this in vivo study, Precedent and Ketac Cem glass ionomer cements showed better tissue healing with a greater number of fibroblasts and collagen, as compared to Meron

Antifungal activity, mode of action and anti-biofilm effects of laurus nobilis linnaeus essential oil against Candida spp

The present study demonstrated the antifungal potential of the chemically characterized essential oil (EO) of Laurus nobilis L. (bay laurel) against Candida spp. biofilm adhesion and formation, and further established its mode of action on C albicans. Methods: L nobilis EO was obtained and tested for its minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations (MIC/MFC) against Candida spp., as well as for interaction with cell wall biosynthesis and membrane ionic permeability. Then we evaluated its effects on the adhesion, formation, and reduction of 48 h C albicans biofilms. The EO phytochemical profile was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results: The MIC and MFC values of the EO ranged from (250 to 500) mu g/mL. The MIC values increased in the presence of sorbitol (osmotic protector) and ergosterol, which indicates that the EO may affect cell wall biosynthesis and membrane ionic permeability, respectively. At 2 MIC the EO disrupted initial adhesion of C. albicans biofilms (p 0.05). When applied for 1 min, every 811, for 24 h and 48 h, the EO reduced the amount of C. albicans mature biofilm with no difference in relation to nystatin (p > 0.05). The phytochemical analysis identified isoeugenol as the major compound (53.49%) in the sample. Conclusions: L nobilis ED has antifungal activity probably due to monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in its composition. This EO may affect cell wall biosynthesis and membrane permeability, and showed deleterious effects against C. albicans biofilms. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.The present study demonstrated the antifungal potential of the chemically characterized essential oil (EO) of Laurus nobilis L. (bay laurel) against Candida spp. biofilm adhesion and formation, and further established its mode of action on C albicans. Methods: L nobilis EO was obtained and tested for its minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations (MIC/MFC) against Candida spp., as well as for interaction with cell wall biosynthesis and membrane ionic permeability. Then we evaluated its effects on the adhesion, formation, and reduction of 48 h C albicans biofilms. The EO phytochemical profile was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results: The MIC and MFC values of the EO ranged from (250 to 500) mu g/mL. The MIC values increased in the presence of sorbitol (osmotic protector) and ergosterol, which indicates that the EO may affect cell wall biosynthesis and membrane ionic permeability, respectively. At 2 MIC the EO disrupted initial adhesion of C. albicans biofilms (p 0.05). When applied for 1 min, every 811, for 24 h and 48 h, the EO reduced the amount of C. albicans mature biofilm with no difference in relation to nystatin (p > 0.05). The phytochemical analysis identified isoeugenol as the major compound (53.49%) in the sample. Conclusions: L nobilis ED has antifungal activity probably due to monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in its composition. This EO may affect cell wall biosynthesis and membrane permeability, and showed deleterious effects against C. albicans biofilms7317918

Thickness and nanomechanical properties of protective layer formed by TiF4 varnish on enamel after erosion

The layer formed by fluoride compounds on tooth surface is important to protect the underlying enamel from erosion. However, there is no investigation into the properties of protective layer formed by NaF and TiF4 varnishes on eroded enamel. This study aimed to evaluate the thickness, topography, nanohardness, and elastic modulus of the protective layer formed by NaF and TiF4 varnishes on enamel after erosion using nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Human enamel specimens were sorted into control, NaF, and TiF4 v arnish g roups ( n = 1 0). T he initial nanohardness and elastic modulus values were obtained and varnishes were applied to the enamel and submitted to erosive challenge (10 cycles: 5 s cola drink/5 s artificial saliva). Thereafter, nanohardness and elastic modulus were measured. Both topography and thickness were evaluated by AFM. The data were subjected to ANOVA, Tukey’s test and Student’s t test (α = 0 .05). A fter e rosion, TiF4 showed a thicker protective layer compared to the NaF group and nanohardness and elastic modulus values were significantly lower than those of the control group. It was not possible to measure nanohardness and elastic modulus in the NaF group due to the thin protective layer formed. AFM showed globular deposits, which completely covered the eroded surface in the TiF4 group. After erosive challenge, the protective layer formed by TiF4 varnish showed significant properties and it was thicker than the layer formed by NaF varnish