Start up ecosystem: Features, processes, and actors.

Successful start-ups can positively contribute to the well-being of countries' economies by creating jobs and new investment opportunities. The success of start-ups strongly depends on the ecosystem in which they are inserted. In this regard, it is important to understand the concept of the start-up ecosystem, in particular from the point of view of researchers and professionals. The desire to deepen the dimensions and components of the ecosystem and to observe more closely the best start-up-friendly ecosystems, then propose a comparison with the Italian context, is derived from evidence indicating that the most successful start-ups are concentrated mainly in certain areas of the world, and this concentration is by no means accidental. In fact, the presence of cities and districts recognized worldwide as real technological hubs appears to be directly connected to the presence of a series of conditions that are extremely favorable to their development. From this reasoning, the concept of "ecosystem," which we defined in the course of the work as a "set of conditions, actors and infrastructures capable of supporting the birth and development of innovative business projects; an absolutely heterogeneous system of elements, which embraces culture, regulatory and fiscal measures, public administration, financiers, businesses, universities and research centers." To better describe the phenomenon of start-up ecosystems and analyze the main components that characterize the latter, especially in relation to the geographical contexts in which they develop, we have chosen to start from a model that presents five essential components of start-up ecosystems: entrepreneurship with a particular focus on the diffusion of start-up companies; business incubators and accelerators; institutions (and in particular universities); and the possibility of accessing technologies as a lever for achieving the main objectives of start-ups. The work presents a qualitative research methodology on different levels of analysis. The process research is aimed at multiple case studies in which we first present a comparison between the start-up ecosystems of Rome and Naples and then conciliate with a first benchmarking with a context considered to be of excellence (despite the limitations it presents in recent times), i.e., that of Silicon Valley. The case studies were enriched by the results of narrative interviews of the main actors of the start-up ecosystem: start-uppers, directors of incubators and start-up accelerators and university professors engaged in the issues of new entrepreneurship

Decomposition approaches to integration without a measure

Extending the idea of Even and Lehrer [3], we discuss a general approach to integration based on a given decomposition system equipped with a weighting function, and a decomposition of the integrated function. We distinguish two type of decompositions: sub-decomposition based integrals (in economics linked with optimization problems to maximize the possible profit) and super-decomposition based integrals (linked with costs minimization). We provide several examples (both theoretical and realistic) to stress that our approach generalizes that of Even and Lehrer [3] and also covers problems of linear programming and combinatorial optimization. Finally, we introduce some new types of integrals related to optimization tasks.Comment: 15 page

Bipolar Fuzzy Integrals

In decision analysis and especially in multiple criteria decision analysis, several non additive integrals have been introduced in the last sixty years. Among them, we remember the Choquet integral, the Shilkret integral and the Sugeno integral. Recently, the bipolar Choquet integral has been proposed for the case in which the underlying scale is bipolar. In this paper we propose the bipolar Shilkret integral and the bipolar Sugeno integral. Moreover, we provide an axiomatic characterization of all these three bipolar fuzzy integrals.Comment: 15 page

Robust Integrals

In decision analysis and especially in multiple criteria decision analysis, several non additive integrals have been introduced in the last years. Among them, we remember the Choquet integral, the Shilkret integral and the Sugeno integral. In the context of multiple criteria decision analysis, these integrals are used to aggregate the evaluations of possible choice alternatives, with respect to several criteria, into a single overall evaluation. These integrals request the starting evaluations to be expressed in terms of exact-evaluations. In this paper we present the robust Choquet, Shilkret and Sugeno integrals, computed with respect to an interval capacity. These are quite natural generalizations of the Choquet, Shilkret and Sugeno integrals, useful to aggregate interval-evaluations of choice alternatives into a single overall evaluation. We show that, when the interval-evaluations collapse into exact-evaluations, our definitions of robust integrals collapse into the previous definitions. We also provide an axiomatic characterization of the robust Choquet integral.Comment: 24 page

PROGETTAZIONE E REALIZZAZIONE DEI SISTEMI DI CONTROLLO E GESTIONE WIRELESS DI UN VECIOLO TERRESTRE AUTONOMO

PROGETTAZIONE E REALIZZAZIONE DEI SISTEMI DI CONTROLLO E GESTIONE WIRELESS DI UN VECIOLO TERRESTRE AUTONOM

miR-210: More than a silent player in hypoxi

Multiple studies have consistently established that miR (microRNA)-210 induction is a feature of the hypoxic response in both normal and transformed cells. Here, we discuss the emerging biochemical functions of this miRNA and anticipate potential clinical applications. miR-210 is a robust target of hypoxia-inducible factor, and its overexpression has been detected in a variety of cardiovascular diseases and solid tumors. High levels of miR-210 have been linked to an in vivo hypoxic signature and associated with adverse prognosis in cancer patients. A wide spectrum of miR-210 targets have been identified, with roles in mitochondrial metabolism, angiogenesis, DNA repair, and cell survival. Such targets may broadly affect the evolution of tumors and other pathological settings, such as ischemic disorders. Harnessing the knowledge of miR-210's actions may lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches

The bipolar Choquet integral representation

Cumulative Prospect Theory of Tversky and Kahneman (1992) is the modern version of Prospect Theory (Kahneman and Tversky (1979)) and is nowadays considered a valid alternative to the classical Expected Utility Theory. Cumulative Prospect theory implies Gain-Loss Separability, i.e. the separate evaluation of losses and gains within a mixed gamble. Recently, some authors have questioned this assumption of the theory, proposing new paradoxes where the Gain-Loss Separability is violated. We present a generalization of Cumulative Prospect Theory which does not imply Gain-Loss Separability and is able to explain the cited paradoxes. On the other hand, the new model, which we call the bipolar Cumulative Prospect Theory, genuinely generalizes the original Prospect Theory of Kahneman and Tversky (1979), preserving the main features of the theory. We present also a characterization of the bipolar Choquet Integral with respect to a bi-capacity in a discrete setting

The bipolar Choquet integral representation

Cumulative Prospect Theory of Tversky and Kahneman (1992) is the modern version of Prospect Theory (Kahneman and Tversky (1979)) and is nowadays considered a valid alternative to the classical Expected Utility Theory. Cumulative Prospect theory implies Gain-Loss Separability, i.e. the separate evaluation of losses and gains within a mixed gamble. Recently, some authors have questioned this assumption of the theory, proposing new paradoxes where the Gain-Loss Separability is violated. We present a generalization of Cumulative Prospect Theory which does not imply Gain-Loss Separability and is able to explain the cited paradoxes. On the other hand, the new model, which we call the bipolar Cumulative Prospect Theory, genuinely generalizes the original Prospect Theory of Kahneman and Tversky (1979), preserving the main features of the theory. We present also a characterization of the bipolar Choquet Integral with respect to a bi-capacity in a discrete setting