141 research outputs found
A Utilização do LĂșdico no Ensino de QuĂmica OrgĂąnica: Uma PrĂĄtica Envolvendo Jogos
Anais do 3° Encontro Nacional de Jogos e Atividades LĂșdicas no Ensino de QuĂmica, FĂsica e Biologia (Jalequim - Level III) - NĂșcleo de Desenvolvimento de Pesquisas em Ensino de QuĂmica/CiĂȘncias da UNILA (NuDDEQ)Um dos desafios dos professores de QuĂmica do
terceiro ano do Ensino MĂ©dio estĂĄ em tornar o
estudo das funçÔes orgùnicas mais atrativo e
interessante aos alunos. Uma das dificuldades
encontradas Ă© a de quebrar o carĂĄter repetitivo que
a abordagem desse conteĂșdo pode conter. Dentro
desse contexto, a utilização de atividades lĂșdicas
pode contribuir para o processo de aprendizagem
dos alunos e melhorar a participação dos
estudantes em sala de aula. Nesse panorama,
utilizou-se o aplicativo Quizlet, disponĂvel para
celulares e computadores, que se baseia na
utilização de flashcards e jogos. Através do
aplicativo, buscou-se trabalhar com os alunos a
diferenciação de funçÔes e grupos funcionais
Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice treated with aqueous ethanol plant extract from Euphorbia tirucalli showed signs of systemic toxicity
Purpose: To evaluate the antitumor effect of a latex extract from Euphorbia tirucalli Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) and its toxicity.Methods: Aqueous ethanol and petroleum ether extracts were obtained through maceration. .Maximum tolerated dose was determined in healthy mice. Antitumor activity was measured in Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice treated with the extract through intraperitoneal injection (62.5, 125 or 250 mg/kg) every 48 h (four doses). Efficacy was assessed by weight gain, abdominal circumference, volume of ascitic fluid and packed tumor cells, tumor cell viability and survival. Toxicity indicators were serum glucose, triglycerides, total proteins, activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and mass of heart, spleen, kidney and liver. A hemolysis assay was also performed.Results: Doses of 62.5 and 125 mg/kg caused no antitumor activity, while 250 mg/kg dose reduced weight gain (3-fold), abdominal circumference and volume of ascitic fluid (> 50 %) and packed cells (50 %), but lowered tumor cell viability (40 %). However, mice treated with the extract survived for a shorter time than control mice. Furthermore, the 250 mg/kg dose caused cardiac atrophy, splenomegaly and fasting hyperglycemia. The extract caused hemolysis, and the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) was 1.6 (0.9 â 2.7) mg/mL.Conclusion: Euphorbia tirucalli extract inhibits Ehrlich ascites tumor in mice, but the therapeutic dose is also harmful to non-tumor tissues.Keywords: Euphorbia tirucalli, Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice, Antitumor, Toxicity, Cardiac atrophy, Splenomegal
IMPACTO DA âMĂE DE LEITE ELETRĂNICAâ NO DESEMPENHO ZOOTĂCNICO DE LEITĂES LACTENTES
Com os avanços da genĂ©tica na suinocultura e a aplicação de tecnologias no manejo o nĂșmero de leitĂ”es nascidos, por parto, tem aumentado significativamente. Por consequĂȘncia, as leitegadas raramente sĂŁo uniformes e muitos leitĂ”es apresentam baixo peso ao nascimento. Pesquisas indicam que a cada leitĂŁo extra na mĂ©dia de nascidos acarreta uma redução de 100g no peso ao nascimento, dobrando o nĂșmero de leitĂ”es que nascem com peso abaixo de 800g. O aumento da taxa de mortalidades entre os leitĂ”es com baixo peso, ainda nos primeiros dias de vida, Ă© algo comum. Logo, torna-se essencial o emprego de alternativas que contribuam tanto para a diminuição da mortalidade prĂ©-desmame quanto para o alcance da uniformidade da leitegada. Com o intuito de melhorar esses Ăndices foi avaliado a influĂȘncia do equipamento âmĂŁe de leite eletrĂŽnicaâ sobre o desempenho zootĂ©cnico de leitĂ”es no perĂodo entre o nascimento e o desmame. O equipamento foi cedido por colaboradores da Empresa STA, de Joinville/SC. Cada lote experimental contou com dois grupos: o controle (GC) e o tratamento (GT). No GC os leitĂ”es receberam apenas aleitamento natural, fornecido pela mĂŁe. No GT os leitĂ”es foram submetidos ao regime de aleitamento misto (natural, fornecido pela mĂŁe; e o artificial, fornecido pelo equipamento o leite de vaca). Foram avaliadas 6 leitegadas, duas por experimento. As fĂȘmeas eram provenientes de matrizes hĂbridas Landrace x Large White, entre o 3Âș e 6Âș parto. Ao todo realizaram-se 3 procedimentos experimentais. O aleitamento propiciado pelo equipamento beneficiou todas as leitegadas do GT jĂĄ nos trĂȘs primeiros dias de vida. Muitos leitĂ”es que apresentaram dificuldades de amamentarem-seadequadamente na mĂŁe, pela competição da leitegada pelos tetos, conseguiram sobreviver pela disponibilidade de leite oferecida artificialmente. Por ocasiĂŁo do desmame, o peso mĂ©dio e o nĂșmero de leitĂ”es foram similares numericamente entre as 6 leitegadas avaliadas durante o perĂodo experimental. No entanto, no GT observou-se maior desuniformidade entre os leitĂ”es, uma vez que alguns animais ganharam peso mais rĂĄpido pelo acesso tambĂ©m ao leite artificial. Apesar de auxiliar na sobrevivĂȘncia dos leitĂ”es, evitando maiores taxas de mortalidade prĂ©-desmame, principalmente nos primeiros dias apĂłs o parto, nĂŁo houve contribuição do equipamento sobre a uniformidade dos lotes. ConcluĂmos que a âmĂŁe de leite eletrĂŽnicaâ possibilitou nĂŁo sĂł o interesse como tambĂ©m a ingestĂŁo de leite artificial pelos leitĂ”es, de modo com que mais tetos ficassem disponĂveis para outros leitĂ”es durante a mamada. Evidenciamos tambĂ©m que tanto leitĂ”es refugos como os mais fracos se beneficiaram do aleitamento misto, mantendo seu desenvolvimento de forma adequada atĂ© o desmame. Por fim, a equipe indica a utilização do equipamento, no mĂnimo, durante os 14 primeiros dias de vida dos leitĂ”es
The germline mutational landscape of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Brazil
The detection of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 is essential to the formulation of clinical management strategies, and in Brazil, there is limited access to these services, mainly due to the costs/availability of genetic testing. Aiming at the identification of recurrent mutations that could be included in a low-cost mutation panel, used as a first screening approach, we compiled the testing reports of 649 probands with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants referred to 28 public and private health care centers distributed across 11 Brazilian States. Overall, 126 and 103 distinct mutations were identified in BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively. Twenty-six novel variants were reported from both genes, and BRCA2 showed higher mutational heterogeneity. Some recurrent mutations were reported exclusively in certain geographic regions, suggesting a founder effect. Our findings confirm that there is significant molecular heterogeneity in these genes among Brazilian carriers, while also suggesting that this heterogeneity precludes the use of screening protocols that include recurrent mutation testing only. This is the first study to show that profiles of recurrent mutations may be unique to different Brazilian regions. These data should be explored in larger regional cohorts to determine if screening with a panel of recurrent mutations would be effective.This work was supported in part by grants from Barretos Cancer Hospital (FINEP - CT-INFRA, 02/2010), Fundação de Amparo Ă Pesquisa do Estado de SĂŁo Paulo (FAPESP, 2013/24633-2 and 2103/23277-8), Fundação de Apoio Ă Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Norte (FAPERN), Fundação de Amparo Ă Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo Ă Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), MinistĂ©rio da SaĂșde, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (Avon grant #02-2013-044) and National Institute of Health/National Cancer Institute (grant #RC4 CA153828-01) for the Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network. Support in part was provided by grants from Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa e Eventos (FIPE) from Hospital de ClĂnicas de Porto Alegre, by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NĂvel Superior (CAPES, BioComputacional 3381/2013, Rede de Pesquisa em GenĂŽmica Populacional Humana), Secretaria da SaĂșde do Estado da Bahia (SESAB), LaboratĂłrio de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular (UFBA), INCT pra Controle do CĂąncer and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientĂfico e TecnolĂłgico (CNPq). RMR and PAP are recipients of CNPq Productivity Grants, and BĂĄrbara Alemar received a grant from the same agencyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A gente vive equilibrando pratos: olhares sobre a violĂȘncia que interroga a rede pĂșblica de saĂșde mental do municĂpio do Rio de Janeiro
Este artigo buscou caracterizar a rede de saĂșde mental do municĂpio do Rio de Janeiro e compreender os caminhos, prĂĄticas e discursos voltados Ă atenção prestada Ă s pessoas em situação de violĂȘncia que chegam a esses serviços. Realizou-se um estudo exploratĂłrio de abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa que abordou profissionais e gestores em 22 unidades de saĂșde mental. Como resultado identificou-se a produção de conhecimentos e estratĂ©gias para lidar e intervir nas situaçÔes tendo como efeitos a interrupção do ciclo de violĂȘncia, entretanto estas açÔes tĂȘm pouca visibilidade em toda a rede de saĂșde e estĂŁo pouco integradas Ă s diretrizes da PolĂtica Nacional de Redução da Morbimortalidade por Acidentes e ViolĂȘncias (PNRMAV). Conclui-se que a atenção na ĂĄrea da saĂșde mental Ă s vĂtimas da violĂȘncia vem sendo realizada, entretanto, de forma nĂŁo integrada Ă PNRMAV o que expĂ”e lacunas importantes
The Genomic Ancestry of Individuals from Different Geographical Regions of Brazil Is More Uniform Than Expected
Based on pre-DNA racial/color methodology, clinical and pharmacological trials have traditionally considered the different geographical regions of Brazil as being very heterogeneous. We wished to ascertain how such diversity of regional color categories correlated with ancestry. Using a panel of 40 validated ancestry-informative insertion-deletion DNA polymorphisms we estimated individually the European, African and Amerindian ancestry components of 934 self-categorized White, Brown or Black Brazilians from the four most populous regions of the Country. We unraveled great ancestral diversity between and within the different regions. Especially, color categories in the northern part of Brazil diverged significantly in their ancestry proportions from their counterparts in the southern part of the Country, indicating that diverse regional semantics were being used in the self-classification as White, Brown or Black. To circumvent these regional subjective differences in color perception, we estimated the general ancestry proportions of each of the four regions in a form independent of color considerations. For that, we multiplied the proportions of a given ancestry in a given color category by the official census information about the proportion of that color category in the specific region, to arrive at a âtotal ancestryâ estimate. Once such a calculation was performed, there emerged a much higher level of uniformity than previously expected. In all regions studied, the European ancestry was predominant, with proportions ranging from 60.6% in the Northeast to 77.7% in the South. We propose that the immigration of six million Europeans to Brazil in the 19th and 20th centuries - a phenomenon described and intended as the âwhitening of Brazilâ - is in large part responsible for dissipating previous ancestry dissimilarities that reflected region-specific population histories. These findings, of both clinical and sociological importance for Brazil, should also be relevant to other countries with ancestrally admixed populations
Multidisciplinary Scientific Cruises for Environmental Characterization in the Santos Basin â Methods and Sampling Design
The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 mÂČ) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 mÂČ) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 ÎŒm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobrasâ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency â IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development
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