The Hopf modules category and the Hopf equation

We study the Hopf equation which is equivalent to the pentagonal equation, from operator algebras. A FRT type theorem is given and new types of quantum groups are constructed. The key role is played now by the classical Hopf modules category. As an application, a five dimensional noncommutative noncocommutative bialgebra is given.Comment: 30 pages, Letax2e, Comm. Algebra in pres

Support varieties for selfinjective algebras

Support varieties for any finite dimensional algebra over a field were introduced by Snashall-Solberg using graded subalgebras of the Hochschild cohomology. We mainly study these varieties for selfinjective algebras under appropriate finite generation hypotheses. Then many of the standard results from the theory of support varieties for finite groups generalize to this situation. In particular, the complexity of the module equals the dimension of its corresponding variety, all closed homogeneous varieties occur as the variety of some module, the variety of an indecomposable module is connected, periodic modules are lines and for symmetric algebras a generalization of Webb's theorem is true

Cultivo in vitro de láminas de corteza ovárica en porcinos : efecto del suero fetal bovino y de la hormona folículo estimulante sobre la integridad de los folículos preantrales

El cultivo in vitro de láminas de tejido ovárico sería un método eficaz para analizar el potencial daño criogénico sobre los folículos preantrales (FPA). El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de distintos porcentajes de suero fetal bovino (SFB) en el medio de cultivo en presencia o ausencia de hormona folículo estimulante (FSH), sobre la morfología y morfometría de los FPA porcinos en láminas de corteza ovárica. Se utilizaron ovarios de faena (n=4). Las muestras se cultivaron 24 h a 39 °C, en cámara húmeda (5% de CO2), en medio D-MEM, ITS (insulina 1mg/L, transferrina 0,55 mg/mL, selenio 0,5 μg/mL), glutamina 2 mM, gentamicina y anfotericina B 10 μg/mL, con SFB (0 %, 5%, 10% y 20%), en ausencia o presencia (50 ng/mL) de FSH. Se evaluaron morfológicamente cortes teñidos con Hematoxilina-Eosina por microscopía de campo claro (x400). Se analizó la morfométria sobre fotos digitales obtenidas con cámara LEICA DCC-380X® (programa de captura LAS LEICA Inc ®). Se determinó el área nuclear (AN), citoplasmática (AC) y total de cada ovocito con el software Leica Qwin Plus® 3.1. Se calculó la relación de área núcleo/citoplasma (AN/AC). Se analizaron 505 FPA (Test de Friedman p<0,05). Los medios de cultivo con 0% y 5% de SFB sin FSH produjeron una reducción significativa en el porcentaje de FPA normales con respecto al control y a los restantes tratamientos. Los FPA primordiales presentaron una reducción significativa del AN y AN/AC. En presencia de FSH combinada con 20% de SFB, se observó una reducción significativa del porcentaje de FPA morfológicamente normales con respecto al control y los demás tratamientos. Se sugeriría la suplementación del medio de cultivo con 10% de SFBFil: Gabriel, P.. Buenos Aires (Argentina). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET).Fil: Cisale, H.. Buenos Aires (Argentina). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET).Fil: Fischman, M.. Buenos Aires (Argentina). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET).Fil: Fratto, M.. Buenos Aires (Argentina). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET).Fil: Lombardo, D.. Buenos Aires (Argentina). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)

Bicarbonate-responsive “soluble” adenylyl cyclase defines a nuclear cAMP microdomain

Bicarbonate-responsive “soluble” adenylyl cyclase resides, in part, inside the mammalian cell nucleus where it stimulates the activity of nuclear protein kinase A to phosphorylate the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). The existence of this complete and functional, nuclear-localized cAMP pathway establishes that cAMP signals in intracellular microdomains and identifies an alternate pathway leading to CREB activation

The effect of distance on reaction time in aiming movements

Target distance affects movement duration in aiming tasks but its effect on reaction time (RT) is poorly documented. RT is a function of both preparation and initiation. Experiment 1 pre-cued movement (allowing advanced preparation) and found no influence of distance on RT. Thus, target distance does not affect initiation time. Experiment 2 removed pre-cue information and found that preparing a movement of increased distance lengthens RT. Experiment 3 explored movements to targets of cued size at non-cued distances and found size altered peak speed and movement duration but RT was influenced by distance alone. Thus, amplitude influences preparation time (for reasons other than altered duration) but not initiation time. We hypothesise that the RT distance effect might be due to the increased number of possible trajectories associated with further targets: a hypothesis that can be tested in future experiments

Potential of 18F-FDG PET toward personalized radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in lung cancer

Purpose We investigated the metabolic response of lung cancer to radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy by 18F-FDG PET and its utility in guiding timely supplementary therapy. Methods: Glucose metabolic rate (MRglc) was measured in primary lung cancers during the 3 weeks before, and 10–12 days (S2), 3 months (S3), 6 months (S4), and 12 months (S5) after radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The association between the lowest residual MRglc representing the maximum metabolic response (MRglc-MMR) and tumor control probability (TCP) at 12 months was modeled using logistic regression. Results: We accrued 106 patients, of whom 61 completed the serial 18F-FDG PET scans. The median values of MRglc at S2, S3 and S4 determined using a simplified kinetic method (SKM) were, respectively, 0.05, 0.06 and 0.07 μmol/min/g for tumors with local control and 0.12, 0.16 and 0.19 μmol/min/g for tumors with local failure, and the maximum standard uptake values (SUVmax) were 1.16, 1.33 and 1.45 for tumors with local control and 2.74, 2.74 and 4.07 for tumors with local failure (p < 0.0001). MRglc-MMR was realized at S2 (MRglc-S2) and the values corresponding to TCP 95 %, 90 % and 50 % were 0.036, 0.050 and 0.134 μmol/min/g using the SKM and 0.70, 0.91 and 1.95 using SUVmax, respectively. Probability cut-off values were generated for a given level of MRglc-S2 based on its predicted TCP, sensitivity and specificity, and MRglc ≤0.071 μmol/min/g and SUVmax ≤1.45 were determined as the optimum cut-off values for predicted TCP 80 %, sensitivity 100 % and specificity 63 %. Conclusion: The cut-off values (MRglc ≤0.071 μmol/min/g using the SKM and SUVmax ≤1.45) need to be tested for their utility in identifying patients with a high risk of residual cancer after standard dose radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy and in guiding a timely supplementary dose of radiation or other means of salvage therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00259-013-2348-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

The Foundation for Building the Conservation Capacity of Community Ecology

Ecology is a young discipline that needs to develop into a predictive science to confront the challenges of human population pressures and habitat degradation. Basic ecology has disproportionately focused on undisturbed, charismatic ecosystems, species and academic questions, leaving gaps in its ability to inform the conservation and management of degraded, threatened ecosystems. Foundation species-dependent organisms have been studied at the expense of the habitat-forming species that build and maintain communities. We used cobble beaches as a model system to discuss the consequences of this disparity on translational ecology. We suggest that the historic development of ecology has led to an academic discipline ill-suited for proactive conservation. We propose that the incorporation of foundation species and a hierarchical organization theory, into the conceptual framework of ecology, will improve its predictive ability and successful application in conservation and the restoration of degraded ecosystems

Towards a framework for critical citizenship education

Increasingly countries around the world are promoting forms of "critical" citizenship in the planned curricula of schools. However, the intended meaning behind this term varies markedly and can range from a set of creative and technical skills under the label "critical thinking" to a desire to encourage engagement, action and political emancipation, often labelled "critical pedagogy". This paper distinguishes these manifestations of the "critical" and, based on an analysis of the prevailing models of critical pedagogy and citizenship education, develops a conceptual framework for analysing and comparing the nature of critical citizenship

Recruitment, augmentation and apoptosis of rat osteoclasts in 1,25-(OH)2D3 response to short-term treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3in vivo

Background Although much is known about the regulation of osteoclast (OC) formation and activity, little is known about OC senescence. In particular, the fate of of OC seen after 1,25-(OH)2D3 administration in vivo is unclear. There is evidence that the normal fate of OC is to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death). We have investigated the effect of short-term application of high dose 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on OC apoptosis in an experimental rat model. Methods OC recruitment, augmentation and apoptosis was visualised and quantitated by staining histochemically for tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), double staining for TRAP/ED1 or TRAP/DAPI, in situ DNA fragmentation end labelling and histomorphometric analysis. Results Short-term treatment with high-dose 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased the recruitment of OC precursors in the bone marrow resulting in a short-lived increase in OC numbers. This was rapidly followed by an increase in the number of apoptotic OC and their subsequent removal. The response of OC to 1,25-(OH)2D3 treatment was dose and site dependent; higher doses producing stronger, more rapid responses and the response in the tibiae being consistently stronger and more rapid than in the vertebrae. Conclusions This study demonstrates that (1) after recruitment, OC are removed from the resorption site by apoptosis (2) the combined use of TRAP and ED1 can be used to identify OC and their precursors in vivo (3) double staining for TRAP and DAPI or in situ DNA fragmentation end labelling can be used to identify apoptotic OC in vivo

Stent placement compared with balloon angioplasty for obstructed coronary bypass grafts. Saphenous Vein De Novo Trial Investigators.

BACKGROUND: Treatment of stenosis in saphenous-vein grafts after coronary-artery bypass surgery is a difficult challenge. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of stent placement with those of balloon angioplasty on clinical and angiographic outcomes in patients with obstructive disease of saphenous-vein grafts. METHODS: A total of 220 patients with new lesions in aortocoronary-venous bypass grafts were randomly assigned to placement of Palmaz-Schatz stents or standard balloon angioplasty. Coronary angiography was performed during the index procedure and six months later. RESULTS: As compared with the patients assigned to angioplasty, those assigned to stenting had a higher rate of procedural efficacy, defined as a reduction in stenosis to less than 50 percent of the vessel diameter without a major cardiac complication (92 percent vs. 69 percent, P\u3c0.001), but they had more frequent hemorrhagic complications (17 percent vs. 5 percent, P\u3c0.01). Patients in the stent group had a larger mean (+/-SD) increase in luminal diameter immediately after the procedure (1.92+/-0.30 mm, as compared with 1.21+/-0.37 mm in the angioplasty group; P\u3c0.001) and a greater mean net gain in luminal diameter at six months (0.85+/-0.96 vs. 0.54+/-0.91 mm, P=0.002). Restenosis occurred in 37 percent of the patients in the stent group and in 46 percent of the patients in the angioplasty group (P=0.24). The outcome in terms of freedom from death, myocardial infarction, repeated bypass surgery, or revascularization of the target lesion was significantly better in the stent group (73 percent vs. 58 percent, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: As compared with balloon angioplasty, stenting of selected venous bypass-graft lesions resulted in superior procedural outcomes, a larger gain in luminal diameter, and a reduction in major cardiac events. However, there was no significant benefit in the rate of angiographic restenosis, which was the primary end point of the study