56 research outputs found
Volunteer Bias in Recruitment, Retention, and Blood Sample Donation in a Randomised Controlled Trial Involving Mothers and Their Children at Six Months and Two Years: A Longitudinal Analysis
- Author
- A Britton
- A Schoetzau
- Alan Watkins
- AM McDonald
- B Kaur
- BC Martinson
- C Frangakis
- C Power
- C Propper
- C Schmoor
- C Snowdon
- Caroline J. Brooks
- Catherine A. Thornton
- D Francis
- D Zarin
- DA Southern
- DL Sackett
- DV Ford
- E McColl
- EA Akl
- ER Park
- FA Majeed
- G Godin
- Gareth Morgan
- HR Fisher
- Ian T. Russell
- IR White
- Iveta Garaiova
- J Eisner
- J Elliott
- J Krosnick
- J Wade
- JD Rothmier
- JM Watson
- JT Kotaniemi
- K Wahlbeck
- KS Hoehn
- L Olson
- LA Daniels
- LD DiMartino
- M Kalliomäki
- M Toerien
- M Violato
- Martin L. Heaven
- ME Kho
- ME Schram
- Mel Storey
- ML Fitzgibbon
- MN Fouad
- MR Perkin
- MS Fewtrell
- NJ McNally
- NN Duke
- OM Dekkers
- P Juni
- P Nystuen
- P Royston
- PC Elwood
- PH Caldwell
- R Chou
- R McMahon
- RA Lyons
- RD Remington
- RJ Prescott
- RL Tooher
- RM Groves
- RM Groves
- Robert K. Hills
- RT O’Neill
- Ruth Jones
- S Jordan
- S Jordan
- S Keeter
- S Kenyon
- S Mihrshahi
- S Vuchinich
- SC Harth
- SJ Allen
- SJ UyBico
- SR Cole
- SR Seaman
- SS Dhruva
- Steven J. Allen
- Sue F. Plummer
- Sue Jordan
- SW Lagakos
- TE Chantler
- TE Shaw
- V Shilling
- V Shilling
- X Sun
- Publication venue
- 'Public Library of Science (PLoS)'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2013
- Field of study
BACKGROUND: The vulnerability of clinical trials to volunteer bias is under-reported. Volunteer bias is systematic error due to differences between those who choose to participate in studies and those who do not. METHODS AND RESULTS: This paper extends the applications of the concept of volunteer bias by using data from a trial of probiotic supplementation for childhood atopy in healthy dyads to explore 1) differences between a) trial participants and aggregated data from publicly available databases b) participants and non-participants as the trial progressed 2) impact on trial findings of weighting data according to deprivation (Townsend) fifths in the sample and target populations. 1) a) Recruits (n = 454) were less deprived than the target population, matched for area of residence and delivery dates (n = 6,893) (mean [SD] deprivation scores 0.09[4.21] and 0.79[4.08], t = 3.44, df = 511, p<0.001). b) i) As the trial progressed, representation of the most deprived decreased. These participants and smokers were less likely to be retained at 6 months (n = 430[95%]) (OR 0.29,0.13-0.67 and 0.20,0.09-0.46), and 2 years (n = 380[84%]) (aOR 0.68,0.50-0.93 and 0.55,0.28-1.09), and consent to infant blood sample donation (n = 220[48%]) (aOR 0.72,0.57-0.92 and 0.43,0.22-0.83). ii) Mothers interested in probiotics or research or reporting infants' adverse events or rashes were more likely to attend research clinics and consent to skin-prick testing. Mothers participating to help children were more likely to consent to infant blood sample donation. 2) In one trial outcome, atopic eczema, the intervention had a positive effect only in the over-represented, least deprived group. Here, data weighting attenuated risk reduction from 6.9%(0.9-13.1%) to 4.6%(-1.4-+10.5%), and OR from 0.40(0.18-0.91) to 0.56(0.26-1.21). Other findings were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Potential for volunteer bias intensified during the trial, due to non-participation of the most deprived and smokers. However, these were not the only predictors of non-participation. Data weighting quantified volunteer bias and modified one important trial outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This randomised, double blind, parallel group, placebo controlled trial is registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials Register, Number (ISRCTN) 26287422. Registered title: Probiotics in the prevention of atopy in infants and children
Laparoscopy in management of appendicitis in high-, middle-, and low-income countries: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study.
- Author
- Abantanga F
- Abbas M
- Abbo O
- Abd El Galeel A
- Abd El Hameed OS
- Abd El Hamid N
- Abd El Salam Y
- Abd El Slam M
- Abd El-Salam F
- Abd Elrasoul Y
- Abd-Elrasoul Y
- Abdallah E
- Abdel-Wahab NYE
- AbdelFattah I
- Abdelgelil A
- Abdelghany S
- Abdelkader M
- Abdelkareem A
- Abdelraheim M
- Abdelshafy M
- Abdulgawad M
- Abdullah AAN
- Abdullah NAN
- Abebe NS
- Abebe NS
- Aber A
- Abington E
- Aboarab A
- Aboraya M
- Aboraya M
- Abouelnasr A
- Abouzahra A
- Abozaid M
- Abozeid K
- Abozyed MAF
- Abudeeb H
- Abuseif M
- Acharya P
- Adams R
- Adebanjo A
- Adekoya A
- Adel A
- Adel A
- Ademuyiwa A
- Ademuyiwa AO
- Adeniran J
- Adeniyi A
- Adesanya O
- Adesina A
- Adesuyi A
- Adeyeye A
- Adham W
- Afandy A
- Afifi AM
- Afzal M
- Agalianos C
- Agarwal A
- Agius M
- Aguilar-Jimenez J
- Aguilera M
- Aguilera O
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- Al-Azraqi IAA
- Al-Faifi JJ
- Al-Hameedi HII
- Al-Hasani RKMJ
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- Al-Mousa M
- Al-Nahrawi S
- Al-Obaedi O
- Al-shammari A
- Alahmady O
- Alakaloko F
- Alamoudi U
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- Aldalaq A
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- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide. Differences between high- and low-income settings in the availability of laparoscopic appendectomy, alternative management choices, and outcomes are poorly described. The aim was to identify variation in surgical management and outcomes of appendicitis within low-, middle-, and high-Human Development Index (HDI) countries worldwide. METHODS: This is a multicenter, international prospective cohort study. Consecutive sampling of patients undergoing emergency appendectomy over 6 months was conducted. Follow-up lasted 30 days. RESULTS: 4546 patients from 52 countries underwent appendectomy (2499 high-, 1540 middle-, and 507 low-HDI groups). Surgical site infection (SSI) rates were higher in low-HDI (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.33-4.99, p = 0.005) but not middle-HDI countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.76-2.52, p = 0.291), compared with high-HDI countries after adjustment. A laparoscopic approach was common in high-HDI countries (1693/2499, 67.7%), but infrequent in low-HDI (41/507, 8.1%) and middle-HDI (132/1540, 8.6%) groups. After accounting for case-mix, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.71, p < 0.001) and SSIs (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.33, p < 0.001). In propensity-score matched groups within low-/middle-HDI countries, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.23 95% CI 0.11-0.44) and SSI (OR 0.21 95% CI 0.09-0.45). CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach is associated with better outcomes and availability appears to differ by country HDI. Despite the profound clinical, operational, and financial barriers to its widespread introduction, laparoscopy could significantly improve outcomes for patients in low-resource environments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02179112
Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy
- Author
- Aahlin EK
- Aamer A
- Aaniana K
- Ababneh A
- Abaliksta T
- Abantanga F
- Abantanga F
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- Abd El Hameed OS
- Abd El Hamid N
- Abd El Salam Y
- Abd El Slam M
- Abd El-Salam F
- Abd Elrasoul Y
- Abd-Elmawla M
- Abd-Elrasoul Y
- Abdallah E
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- Abdel-Hameed N
- Abdel-Kader SM
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- Abdelhamed R
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- Mohamed M
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 15/10/2018
- Field of study
Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe
Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis
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- Publication venue
- Oxford University Press
- Publication date
- 01/01/2022
- Field of study
Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US 92492millionusingapproach1and73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was 95004millionusingapproach1and75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially
A century of trends in adult human height
- Author
- Abdeen ZA
- Abu-Rmeileh NM
- Acosta-Cazares B
- Adams R
- Aekplakorn W
- Aguilar-Salinas CA
- Agyemang C
- Ahmadvand A
- Ahrens W
- Al-Hazzaa HM
- Al-Othman AR
- Ali MM
- Alkerwi A
- Alvarez-Pedrerol M
- Aly E
- Amouyel P
- Amuzu A
- Andersen LB
- Anderssen SA
- Anjana RM
- Ano DJ
- Aounallah-Skhiri H
- Ariansen I
- Aris T
- Arlappa N
- Arveiler D
- Assah FK
- Ati JE
- Avdicová M
- Azizi F
- Babu BV
- Backer GD
- Bacquer DD
- Bahijri S
- Balakrishna N
- Bandosz P
- Banegas JR
- Bao Kle N
- Bao TQ
- Barbagallo CM
- Barceló A
- Barkat A
- Barros MV
- Bata I
- Batieha AM
- Batista RL
- Baur LA
- Beaglehole R
- Benet M
- Bennett JE
- Bentham J
- Bernabe-Ortiz A
- Bernotiene G
- Bettiol H
- Bhagyalaxmi A
- Bharadwaj S
- Bhargava SK
- Bhatti Z
- Bhutta ZA
- Bi H
- Bi Y
- Bixby H
- Bjerregaard P
- Bjertness E
- Bjertness MB
- Björkelund C
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- Widhalm K
- Widyahening IS
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- Zainuddin AA
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- Zdrojewski T
- Zeng Y
- Zhao D
- Zhao W
- Zheng Y
- Zhou B
- Zhou M
- Zhu D
- Zimmermann E
- Publication venue
- 'eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd'
- Publication date
- 28/10/2022
- Field of study
Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection
- Author
- Ç
- Ö
- Ž
- Ž
- Ž
- &apos
- Aahlin Ek
- Aamer A
- Aaniana K
- Ababneh A
- Abaliksta T
- Abantanga F
- Abantanga F
- Abbas A
- Abbas M
- Abbasy J
- Abbo O
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- Abdelhamed R
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- Aboelsoud Mr
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- Altibi A
- Altinel Y
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- Altoe F
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- Arachchige Lajj
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- Araujo Jslr
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- Ardley R
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- Armellini A
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- Atobatele K
- Attallah Na
- Attard M
- Attia A
- Attia Am
- Augestad Km
- Aung Kp
- Austraite A
- Aviles S
- Avoka A
- Awad I
- Awad Sa
- Awadallah S
- Awuku-Asabre J
- Ayad S
- Ayandipo O
- Ayandipo Oo
- Aydin Mc
- Ayyar S
- Aziz Dna
- Aziz Mra
- Aziz Na
- Azizeldine Mg
- Azmitia Jra
- Azodo Ia
- Azzie G
- Azzie G
- Azzis O
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- Bachri H
- Badawy M
- Badenjki Ma
- Badicel M
- Badr A
- Badr Mfm
- Badwi Nm
- Badwi Nm
- Badwy A
- Bahar S
- Baheeg M
- Bailey K
- Baillie K
- Baillie K
- Baird A
- Bakhaidar M
- Baki Be
- Bakr A
- Bakry Hm
- Baky Fahmy MA
- Bala M
- Balalis D
- Baldacchino M
- Balducci G
- Balila Rmh
- Balkan Aza
- Ballouhey Q
- Balmaceda R
- Balmaceda R
- Balmaceda R
- Balogun F
- Baltrunas R
- Baluch F
- Bamford R
- Bamicha A
- Bamicha A
- Banaitis Vj
- Bandi A
- Bandoh D
- Bani-Sadar A
- Banipal Gs
- Baraka H
- Barakat Sae
- Barendegere V
- Barker T
- Barkolias C
- Barmayehvar B
- Barnabas Gn
- Barnacle J
- Barneo L
- Barrantes Ams
- Barreda Lma
- Barrientos Lam
- Barrios E
- Barrios E
- Barrios E
- Barry J
- Basilicò
- Basir Erm
- Bassem M
- Bassit Ka
- Basso Sm
- Basson S
- Basto Caa
- Batt J
- Bautista Acm
- Bautista Acm
- Bayram S
- Beamon M
- Beasley W
- Beaton C
- Bedada Ag
- Bediako-Bowan A
- Behar N
- Beisa V
- Beisa V
- Bekhet Ah
- Bekhet Nm
- Beleñ
- Belkouchi A
- Belli A
- Bello B
- Benammi S
- Benevento A
- Benevento A
- Benger M
- Bennai Rm
- Benons N
- Bentounsi Z
- Benyaiche C
- Bermú
- Bernardo Cg
- Berti S
- Bertuello I
- Beuran M
- Beuran M
- Beyene R
- Bezzina M
- Bhangu A
- Bhangu A
- Bhangu A
- Bhangu A
- Bhargava A
- Bharj Is
- Bhat S
- Bhatnagar A
- Bhattacharya S
- Bhopal Kf
- Bhopal Kf
- Bianco F
- Bigaran A
- Billy M
- Birindelli A
- Birring A
- Bisset C
- Bjö
- Bjö
- Blacker S
- Blackwell J
- Blanco R
- Blanco-Colino R
- Blencowe N
- Blencowe N
- Bliksø
- Blower E
- Bluelle R
- Blundell R
- Boakye-Yiadom K
- Boal M
- Bocchetti T
- Boddy A
- Bode C
- Bode C
- Bodur S
- Boereboom C
- Boggon A
- Boijsen M
- Bokhari S
- Bonavia K
- Bonavina L
- Bonavina L
- Bond-Smith G
- Bondin J
- Bondurri A
- Bondurri A
- Boni S
- Bonnard A
- Bonney W
- Borda-Luque G
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- Borg E
- Borg E
- Borin E
- Bortolasi L
- Bortolasi L
- Boshnaq M
- Botero Jam
- Botes S
- Bottini C
- Botto N
- Bouali O
- Bougard H
- Boukhal K
- Bowabsak A
- Bowe R
- Bowley D
- Bowling K
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- Boyce T
- Bré
- Bradulskis S
- Bradulskis S
- Bratu M
- Bratu Mr
- Bratu Rm
- Braungart S
- Bravo Jac
- Bray Ld
- Breistrand M
- Breitenstein S
- Breslin R
- Brincat Sd
- Broch A
- Brogden T
- Brown D
- Brown E
- Brown J
- Brown J
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- Brunoni B
- Bsisu I
- Bucci L
- Bugaev N
- Bugeja R
- Buisson P
- Bukari M
- Bunting D
- Burger S
- Burmistrovas A
- Burns H
- Bustangi N
- Butt Mt
- Cabrera Ccrr
- Cacurri A
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- Cahill R
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- Calua Ac
- Camacho R
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- Camilleri-Brennan J
- Camilleri-Brennan J
- Camilleri-Brennan Jf
- Campagnaro T
- Canto Md
- Capito C
- Capleton P
- Carabott K
- Cardozo Jt
- Cardozo Ram
- Careta Mc
- Carlucci M
- Carmona Jm
- Carneros Vj
- Carpio J
- Carrasco N
- Carreira Ja
- Cassar K
- Castillo Vdp
- Castro Mr
- Catani M
- Cautiero R
- Caydiid H
- Cecilia T
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- Celis Jmv
- Cengiz Tb
- Cengiz Y
- Cengiz Y
- Cengiz Y
- Cengiz Y
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- Cevik M
- Chabok A
- Chachulski W
- Chai Ca
- Chai Fy
- Chambers A
- Chambers A
- Chan E
- Chan L
- Chan Tk
- Chan Xw
- Chan Z
- Chandrakumar C
- Chang K
- Chang Ky
- Chapman A
- Chapman Sj
- Charles A
- Cheah Aez
- Chen Cy
- Chen Jhc
- Chen Ky
- Chen Tl
- Chenn R
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- Chetta N
- Cheung Yhe
- Chew Ls
- Chhabra S
- Chibuye C
- Chidambaram S
- Chiesa D
- Chilton G
- Chin Px
- Chin Yr
- Chiong Jac
- Chiong Jac
- Chiu S
- Chiu S
- Chiu Smy
- Choi J
- Choi P
- Chong Bfhk
- Chong Cl
- Chong Cl
- Chong Cl
- Chong Cs
- Chong Hy
- Chong Hy
- Choudhry A
- Chow Cyn
- Chowdhury A
- Chowdhury D
- Chu K
- Chun A
- Chun T
- Chung Kj
- Chung S
- Ciccioli E
- Cirocchi R
- Ciubotaru C
- Claire R
- Clarissa A
- Clark Dj
- Clark T
- Clegg-Lampety Jn
- Clegg-Lamptey Jn
- Clement Kd
- Clements Jm
- Clerico G
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- Cloro Lm
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- Cohen F
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- Coletti M
- Collado Mv
- Colombani Jf
- Cona C
- Conci S
- Confalonieri G
- Conlon Kc
- Connor K
- Connor K
- Contreras E
- Contreras-Vergara Al
- Coomber R
- Coompson Cl
- Corbellini C
- Corbellino M
- Cornick J
- Coronel J
- Correa Jc
- Corro-Diaz S
- Costa C
- Costa-Maia J
- Costa-Maia J
- Costas-Chavarri A
- Costas-Chavarri A
- Courboin E
- Court E
- Cox D
- Cox M
- Coyoy-Gaitan O
- Cragg J
- Craus-Miguel A
- Cross K
- Cruz Dh
- Cruz H
- Cucumazzo S
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- Curletti G
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- Currow C
- Cury Adl
- Dé
- D&apos
- D&apos
- D&apos
- D&apos
- D&apos
- D&apos
- Da Silva LA
- Dabboor M
- Dabbour K
- Dabessa D
- Dablouk M
- Dablouk Mo
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- Dahy A
- Dainius E
- Dakubo J
- Dalli J
- Dally C
- Dambrauskas Z
- Dambrauskas Z
- Dan I
- Danelli P
- Daniels I
- Daniyan M
- Danys D
- Dao W
- Daqeeq A
- Dar M
- Dar W
- Dardenne S
- Darweesh M
- Darwish Ak
- Das A
- Das K
- Das S
- Dasari M
- Dashnyam E
- Dassah V
- Datta U
- Davenport R
- Davies J
- Davies R
- Davor A
- Dawnay G
- Dawood K
- Dawoud H
- Dayie M
- De Boni D
- De Bono P
- De Bono P
- De Castro Segundo LCB
- De Franciscis S
- De Freitas AVC
- De La Medina AR
- de Leó
- De Leon MZP
- De Leon MZP
- de Lima CVB
- De Luca E
- De Marco P
- De Sousa AV
- Deal R
- Dean R
- Deane C
- Debrah S
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- Dedekind B
- Dedey F
- Deichsel F
- Del Basso C
- Del Pilar Paucar A
- Delforge X
- Delgado Jm
- Delgado Msftl
- Dell A
- Dempster E
- Denewar A
- Depalma N
- Deputy M
- Der Y
- Dervenis C
- Despotidis V
- Desta S
- Deutschmann P
- Devadasar Gh
- Dharamshi Ha
- Dhillon D
- Di Franco F
- Di Martino N
- Di Saverio S
- Di Saverio S
- Diab A
- Diaconescu B
- Diaconescu Ib
- Dias S
- Diaz-Jover P
- Diaz-Zorrilla C
- Dick L
- Dickfos M
- Dickson L
- Dijan E
- Dimech T
- Din F
- Dindyal S
- Dindyal S
- Dissanayake T
- Djivoh F
- Domini E
- Domini E
- Donnelly P
- Donoghue D
- Dorani Rmnr
- Dorismé
- Dos Santos DV
- Dossou F
- Doughan S
- Doughty J
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- Drake Tm
- Drake Tm
- Driscoll A
- Drungilas M
- Du Plessis D
- du Plooy F
- Du Toit F
- Duane T
- Dubois A
- Dueñ
- Duffy L
- Duhoranenayo D
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- Dulskas A
- Durand Sya
- Dwydar A
- Ebdewi H
- Ebidy M
- Ebidy Mm
- Ebrahim Os
- Eduard P
- Edwards J
- Edye M
- Eid Mm
- Eisner L
- Ekow M
- El Ashal G
- El Dahab AA
- El Deen KN
- El Galeel AA
- El Gendy NH
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- El Hameed OSA
- El Hamid NA
- El Jamassi A
- El Kashash A
- El Kholy A
- El Magd AA
- El Mesery S
- El Salam YA
- El Sayed GS
- El Sayed IM
- El Shoura Y
- El Slam MA
- El-Badawy Ha
- El-Dien Ks
- El-Dien Ks
- El-Din Ra
- El-Din Sa
- El-Gizawy E
- El-Hamouly As
- El-Kashef H
- El-Latif Nka
- El-Ma&apos
- El-Rabaa S
- El-Sagheer N
- El-Salam Fa
- El-Sawy A
- El-Sehily A
- El-Shahat Ns
- El-Sheemy H
- El-Taher E
- Elabdin Hz
- Elashmawy M
- Elashry R
- Elazab A
- Elazayem Aa
- Elazoul M
- Elbanby E
- Elbanby Es
- Elbatahgy A
- Elbe P
- Elbermawy M
- Elbisomy Kh
- Eldafrawy M
- Eldamaty L
- Eldeeb Az
- Eldeen Ea
- Eldin Mab
- Elebute O
- Elebute O
- Elena G
- Elfarargy A
- Elfeki H
- Elfeki H
- Elfiky M
- Elfil M
- Elfouly N
- Elfouly N
- Elfouly Y
- Elfouly Y
- Elgebaly A
- Elgendy Ah
- Elgendy Fi
- Elgheriany M
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- Elhadary Nm
- Elhadry S
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- Elhamouly S
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- Elhendawy A
- Elhendawy Aoa
- Elhoseny G
- Elhusseiny Aae
- Elkadsh I
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- Elkelany A
- Elkelany A
- Elkelany A
- Elkhadrawi M
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- Elkholy A
- Elkholy Ss
- Elkolaly Ss
- Elkorashy Am
- Ellison Q
- Elmashala A
- Elmasry M
- Elmelegy R
- Elmihy S
- Elnagar A
- Elnajjar Ma
- Elnemr Ae
- Elrasoul Ya
- Elrazek Aa
- Elsabbagh N
- Elsameea Aa
- Elsawahly Dme
- Elsawy A
- Elsayed M
- Elsayed M
- Elsayed N
- Elsayed Nar
- Elsayed Zm
- Elsebaaye Ao
- Elsehimy M
- Elsemelawy R
- Elshaar M
- Elshaer K
- Elshaer M
- Elshaer M
- Elshafay Ae
- Elshami M
- Elshanwany S
- Elsharkawy Aa
- Elsheikh S
- Elsherbiney S
- Elsherbiny As
- Elsherif Fa
- Elshobary M
- Elsiddig M
- Elsobky S
- Elsorogy Deaa
- Elwaey A
- Elwakil H
- Elwan A
- Elwan A
- Elwy E
- Elzahed N
- Elzayat I
- Elzayat M
- Elzayyat I
- Elzowawi F
- Emadeldin D
- Emadeldin H
- Emara E
- Emile S
- Eng C
- English W
- Esam A
- Escobar Eg.
- Espin-Basany E
- Espinoza F
- Espinoza Kt
- Espinoza Kt
- Essam A
- Essam Aa
- Essam M
- Essoun S
- Esteban E
- Estee Mm
- Estupinian S
- Etchill E
- Etchill E
- Etienne S
- Etman M
- Etwire V
- Evajelista Cv
- Evans D
- Evans E
- Eysa A
- Eyssartier E
- Ezzat E
- Ezzat T
- Faboya O
- Faccincani R
- Fadel A
- Fahiem A
- Fahim M
- Fahy C
- Fairfield C
- Fairfield C
- Fairfield C
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- Falaschi F
- Falco N
- Falzon M
- Farag A
- Farag S
- Farah A
- Farahat Mm
- Faraz A
- Fares M
- Farfan Esf
- Farhad M
- Farhan-Alanie Mmh
- Farhangmehr N
- Farinella E
- Farmakis K
- Farooq T
- Farouk Sam
- Farquharson A
- Farrugia A
- Farrugia A
- Faruq A
- Fathy Am
- Fattah Aa
- Fatuga A
- Faturoti O
- Faturoti O
- Faure A
- Fautz T
- Favero A
- Fawzy A
- Feidantsis T
- Felipe Co
- Fergany A
- Fergusson Sj
- Fergusson Sj
- Fergusson Sj
- Fermani C
- Fermani Cg
- Ferná
- Fernandes C
- Fernandez-Bueno F
- Fernandez-Vega L
- Ferousis C
- Ferreira Sak
- Ferrero E
- Fievet L
- Filatau A
- Findlay-Cooper K
- Firdouse M
- Firdouse M
- Firdouse M
- Firwana A
- Fitsum A
- Fitzgerald Je
- Florez Ljg
- Foco M
- Fok Cyj
- Fontana T
- Foo Cc
- Forlin L
- Forno W
- Fouad A
- Fouad D
- Fouad D
- Fourcade L
- Fowler Aj
- Fozard T
- Fozard T
- Frade F
- Fraga Gp
- Franco H
- Francois P
- Francois-Coridon H
- Francone E
- Freitas Av
- Frey D
- Frisk B
- Fuentes-Rivera L
- Fujii F
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- Gaafar S
- Gaarder T
- Gad A
- Gad Mo
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- Gadhvi V
- Gado A
- Gaiž
- Gaignard E
- Gaignard E
- Gala T
- Gala T
- Galiqi G
- Galleano R
- Gallo G
- Galloway S
- Galvez Cp
- Gamal D
- Gamal E
- Gamal H
- Gamal S
- Gamaly E
- Gamil D
- Gan C
- Gan Yy
- Gani Ma
- Garaycochea O
- Garcí
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- Garcia-Marin Ja
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- Garland A
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- Gemeah M
- Gemenetzis G
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- Gerosa A
- Gerosa A
- Geuoshy A
- Ghaben A
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- Ghanem S
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- Ghannam M
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- Ghazy Aa
- Gheith A
- Ghetia M
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- Ghoneim O
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- Giardino Fr
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- Giuriato Tf
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- Glynn M
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- Goldin E
- Golding D
- Gomaa A
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- Goodstein M
- Gosling S
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- Grasset E
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- Grassi V
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- Grizhja B
- Grobler Dc
- Grosos C
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- Gudal A
- Gudal A
- Gudal A
- Gudlaugsdottir K
- Guevara R
- Guglielmo V
- Gui D
- Gulbinas A
- Gulcicek Ob
- Gulielmi A
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- Gustafsson U
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- Gyedu A
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- Habeebullah A
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- Haddad N
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- Hafiz S
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- Hajeh H
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- Halhouli O
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- Halicioglu I
- Hall E
- Hall N
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- Hamaguchi Jlh
- Hamarshi A
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- Hamdan A
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- Hanoun S
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- Hany E
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- Har Pa
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- Harper E
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- Harrison N
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- Hartford L
- Harvey N
- Hasan A
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- Hasanah A
- Hasanain D
- Hascoet J
- Hashad E
- Hasheminia A
- Hashim A
- Hashish A
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- Haslegrave A
- Hasnan Mb
- Hassaan A
- Hassaan A
- Hassan A
- Hassan A
- Hassan A
- Hassan Ata
- Hassan I
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- Hassan Omm
- Hassan S
- Hassan Z
- Hassanain M
- Hassanain M
- Hassanein Ab
- Havemann I
- Hawkins W
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- Hegazy Y
- Helene Fc
- Helguero-Santin Lm
- Hemeda D
- Hemingway D
- Hemmila M
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- Herebat A
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- Horobjowsky A
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- Hossameldin A
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- Hutch W
- Huwait A
- Iş
- Iacono C
- Iannone I
- Ibraheem Aa
- Ibraheem Hi
- Ibrahem Aa
- Ibrahem Aa
- Ibrahim A
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- Ibrahim A
- Ibrahim Am
- Ibrahim E
- Ibrahim Em
- Ibrahim I
- Ibrahim K
- Ibrahim M
- Ibrahim Mh
- Ibrahim Y
- Idress T
- Idris F
- Idris Sai
- Iftekhar F
- Iftikhar Z
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- Ignatavicius P
- Ihediwa G
- Imoro O
- Ingabire Jca
- Ingabire Jca
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- Ioannidis O
- Iordache Fm
- Iqbal Fm
- Iqbal Mr
- Ireland P
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- Irwin G
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- Israelsson L
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- Jabbar A
- Jaber S
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- Jacobe M
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- Jain P
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- Javed O
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- Kotobi H
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- Kouraklis G
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- Laurie K
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- Law Jh
- Lawal A
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- Lawther R
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- Lee C
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- Lee F
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- Leone N
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- Leung Kw
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- Leusink A
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- Lim G
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- Lo Conte A
- Loaloa Mr
- Lockey J
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- Loizides S
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- Macchitella Y
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- Macfarlane A
- Machaca M
- Maciejec L
- Madiba T
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- Maffioli A
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- Magdy A
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- Magdy H
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- Marey A
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- Margaritis M
- Mariani A
- Marinkovic B
- Marinos C
- Marks E
- Marples L
- Marret Jb
- Marshall Dc
- Martian Bv
- Martin A
- Mas R
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- Mentula P
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- Miranda C
- Mircea H
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- Mironescu A
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- Mirza A
- Mirza S
- Mistry A
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- Mitroudi M
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- Modolo Mm
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- Moe Tt
- Mogan Yp
- Moghazy Me
- Mohamed A
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- Mohamed Am
- Mohamed Ar
- Mohamed B
- Mohamed F
- Mohamed I
- Mohamed M
- Mohamed Ma
- Mohamed Maeh
- Mohamed Mm
- Mohamed O
- Mohamed Sr
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- Mohammad A
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- Mohammed Ae
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- Mohammed H
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- Mohammed S
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- Molina G
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- Monaghan E
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- Monrad-Hansen Pw
- Montejo Msg
- Monteleone M
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- Montes I
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- Montrimaite M
- Montrimaite M
- Moodley Y
- Moore R
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- Moreira G
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- Mosalum O
- Mostafa Ha
- Mostafa M
- Mostafa M
- Mousa M
- Moussa O
- Moustafa A
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- Mowafy B
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- Mshelbwala P
- Msiska N
- Msosa V
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- Mukuzunga C
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- Nada F
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- Nagy Gs
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- Nanthakumaran S
- Napolitano L
- Napolitano L
- Naqvi Sa
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- Naranjo Aristizã
- Narayanan R
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- Ndajiwo A
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- Ndegwa W
- Ndlovu Sr
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- Negida A
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- Nel D
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- Neo Yn
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- Nepogodiev D
- Nepogodiev D
- Nepogodiev D
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- Nesaratnam A
- Nessa A
- Nestorovic M
- Nevieraite V
- Newton T
- Ng S
- Ng Yk
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- Nicholson L
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- Nikoloudis N
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- Njokanma I
- Nnajiuba H
- Nocito A
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- Nofal E
- Noor F
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- Notarnicola M
- Notarnicola M
- Nouh T
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- Noukpozounkou B
- Novak A
- Nowers J
- Nsengimana Vjp
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- Ntirenganya F
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- Nurqistan Hd
- Nwabuoku E
- Nwinee V
- Nwokoro C
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- Obute Rd
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- Odeyemi B
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- Odutola O
- Ogunsua O
- Ogunyemi A
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- Olaolorun A
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- Redota Map
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- Publication venue
- 'Wiley'
- Publication date
- 27/11/2018
- Field of study
Background
End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection.
Methods
This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model.
Results
In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001).
Conclusion
Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone
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Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
- Author
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- Abarca-Gomez L
- Abbasi-Kangevari M
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- Adam I
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- Yardim N
- Yasuharu T
- Yiallouros PK
- Yngve A
- Yoosefi M
- Yoshihara A
- Yotov Y
- You QS
- You S-L
- Younger-Coleman NO
- Yu Y
- Yu Y-L
- Yusof SM
- Yusoff AF
- Yusoff MFM
- Zaccagni L
- Zafiropulos V
- Zainuddin AA
- Zakavi SR
- Zamani F
- Zambon S
- Zampelas A
- Zamrazilova H
- Zapata ME
- Zargar AH
- Zaw KK
- Zayed AA
- Zdrojewski T
- Zeglen M
- Zejglicova K
- Zeng Y
- Zentai A
- Zhang B
- Zhang L
- Zhang Z-Y
- Zhao D
- Zhao M-H
- Zhao W
- Zhecheva YV
- Zhen S
- Zheng W
- Zheng Y
- Zholdin B
- Zhou B
- Zhou M
- Zhu D
- Zimmet P
- Zins M
- Zitt E
- Zocalo Y
- Zoghlami N
- Zuziak M
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 14/03/2024
- Field of study
Background
Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories.
Methods
We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median).
Findings
From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness.
Interpretation
The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity.
Funding
UK Medical Research Council, UK Research and Innovation (Research England), UK Research and Innovation (Innovate UK), and European Union
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
- Author
- Aarestrup J
- Abarca-Gómez L
- Abbasi-Kangevari M
- Abdeen ZA
- Abdrakhmanova S
- Abdul Ghaffar S
- Abdul Rahim HF
- Abdurrahmonova Z
- Abu-Rmeileh NM
- Abubakar Garba J
- Acosta-Cazares B
- Adam I
- Adamczyk M
- Adams RJ
- Adu-Afarwuah S
- Aekplakorn W
- Afsana K
- Afzal S
- Agbor VN
- Agdeppa IA
- Aghazadeh-Attari J
- Aguenaou H
- Aguilar-Salinas CA
- Agyemang C
- Ahmad MH
- Ahmad NA
- Ahmadi A
- Ahmadi N
- Ahmadi N
- Ahmed I
- Ahmed SH
- Ahrens W
- Aitmurzaeva G
- Ajlouni K
- Al Asfoor D
- Al Hourani HM
- Al Qaoud NM
- Al-Hazzaa HM
- Al-Hinai H
- Al-Lahou B
- Al-Lawati JA
- Al-Raddadi R
- Alarouj M
- AlBuhairan F
- AlDhukair S
- Aldwairji MA
- Alexius S
- Ali MM
- Alieva AV
- Alkandari A
- Alkerwi A
- Alkhatib BM
- Allin K
- Alomary SA
- Alomirah HF
- Alshangiti AM
- Alvarez-Pedrerol M
- Aly E
- Amarapurkar DN
- Amiano Etxezarreta P
- Amoah J
- Amougou N
- Amouyel P
- Andersen LB
- Anderssen SA
- Androutsos O
- Anjana RM
- Ansari-Moghaddam A
- Anufrieva E
- Aounallah-Skhiri H
- Araújo J
- Ariansen I
- Aris T
- Arku RE
- Arlappa N
- Aryal KK
- Aspelund T
- Assah FK
- Assefa N
- Assembekov B
- Assunção MCF
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- Aurélio de Valois CJM
- Auvinen J
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- Díaz-Sánchez ME
- Díez Ripollés MP
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- Echeverría G
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- Łuszczki E
- Šalaj S
- Ševčíková Ľ
- Żegleń M
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
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- Field of study
Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/images/research_banner_face_lab_290.jpgunderweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity
Estimation of Stature in Upper Egypt Population from External Ear Morphometry
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- Publication date
- Field of study
Estimation of stature is considered an important parameter in medico-legal and forensic examinations. Therefore, this study
was carried out to investigate the possibility of estimating stature from external ear morphometry in a sample of Upper
Egypt population. This study was carried out on 200 persons (120 males and 80 females). Besides stature, eight measurements
were obtained from both ears of each participant using manual vernier caliper. Data were analyzed by SPSS version
20. There was a strong significant positive correlation between all measurements and stature. A linear equation model for
prediction of stature from given external ear dimension was generated. By simple linear regression analysis, the most accurate
predictable variable of stature from both ears in males was ear length (R2
= 0.928 in right ear and R2
= 0.915 in left
ear). While in females; right ear width (R2
= 0.855) and left conchal width (R2 = 0.771) are the most accurate variables that
can predict stature. Finally, it is concluded that external ear morphometry can be used as an additional tool in the estimation
of stature in Upper Egypt population
A network meta-analysis of the PD(L)-1 inhibitors in the salvage treatment of urothelial bladder cancer
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- Publication venue
- 'Future Medicine Ltd'
- Publication date
- Field of study
- …