Magnetic Properties And Giant Magnetoresistance Of Melt-spun Granular Cu100-x-cox Alloys

Room-temperature measurements of magnetization and giant magnetoresistance were performed on rapidly solidified granular Cu100-xCox systems (x=5,10,15). The magnetoresistance of melt-spun Cu100-xCox ribbons was enhanced either by suitable furnace annealings or by exploiting the dc Joule-heating technique in the attempt of precipitating smaller magnetic particles. The particle-size distribution, the particle density, and mean distance are obtained for all compositions and heat treatments through a suitable analysis of the magnetic behavior of samples. The magnetoresistance is plotted as a function of the reduced magnetization, and a significant deviation from the quadratic behavior predicted by the independent-moment approach is observed at low fields. A simple theory taking explicitly into account the correlation existing among the magnetic particles is proposed. A general expression for the magnetoresistance in granular magnetic systems is obtained, and shown to accurately fit all the experimental curves, indicating that this effect is basically determined by the ratios between two distinct correlation ranges for the magnetic-moment fluctuations and the electronic mean free path. © 1995 The American Physical Society.5221153981541

Short-time dynamics of correlated magnetic moments in superparamagnetic Cu-Co melt spun alloys exhibiting giant magnetoresistance

Evidence for correlation among superparamagnetic particles in melt-spun Cu100-xCox systems (x = 5-20) exhibiting a giant magnetoresistance is obtained by plotting this quantity as a function of reduced magnetization. Two ranges, R-theta(H-e) and R-theta(H-e), have been recently introduced to describe the extent of correlation among angles of tilt (theta) and of twist (phi) of superparamagnetic moments precessing around a local field axis. The angle of tilt appears to be spatially correlated over a distance larger by a factor of 3 than the angle of twist. This difference is explained by analyzing the short-time dynamics of magnetic moments in superparamagnetic granular systems with long-range interactions (of dipolar and the RKKY-like type). The typical time constants characterizing the process of scattering of conduction electrons by adjacent magnetic moments (electronic time of flight, relaxation times for theta and phi) are discussed in detail. An explicit expression for R-phi(H) is obtained by considering the competition between a magnetic interaction favoring parallel (or antiparallel) alignment or adjacent moments, and thermal disturbances resulting in a continuous loss of the phase coherence. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics

Magnetic properties and giant magnetoresistance of melt-spun granular Cu-100-x Co-x alloys

Room-temperature measurements of magnetization and giant magnetoresistance were performed on rapidly solidified granular Cu100-xCox systems (x=5,10,15). The magnetoresistance of melt-spun Cu100-xCox ribbons was enhanced either by suitable furnace annealings or by exploiting the de Joule-heating technique in the attempt of precipitating smaller magnetic particles. The particle-size distribution, the particle density, and mean distance are obtained for all compositions and heat treatments through a suitable analysis of the magnetic behavior of samples. The magnetoresistance is plotted as a function of the reduced magnetization, and a significant deviation from the quadratic behavior predicted by the independent-moment approach is observed at low fields. A simple theory taking explicitly into account the correlation existing among the magnetic particles is proposed. A general expression for the magnetoresistance in granular magnetic systems is obtained, and shown to accurately fit all the experimental curves, indicating that this effect is basically determined by the ratios between two distinct correlation ranges for the magnetic-moment fluctuations and the electronic mean free path

Magnetic hysteresis in granular CuCo alloys

Room-temperature hysteresis loops of granular Cu100-xCox alloys (5 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 15) obtained by planar flow casting in air and submitted to proper annealing treatments have been measured up to a field of 10 kOe by means of a vibrating sample magnetometer. In major loops (\H-vert\ = 10 kOe), the reduced remanence-to-saturation ratio m(r) = M-r/M-s and the coercivity H-c measured on all studied materials appear to be related by an almost linear law of the type m(r) approximate to 1/3 (mu H-c/kT), mu being the average magnetic moment on Co particles. A similar relation is also observed on minor symmetrical loops (100 Oe less than or equal to\H-vert\ less than or equal to 9 kOe). The observed results are accounted for by a model which considers the hysteresis as originating by magnetic interactions among nearly superparamagnetic Co particles. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)51408-4]

Sustainable solutions for the construction sector: integration of secondary raw materials in the production cycle of concrete

The construction industry is one of the largest consumers of raw materials and energy and one of the highest contributor to green-houses gases emissions. In order to become more sustainable it needs to reduce the use of both raw materials and energy, thus lim-iting its environmental impact. Developing novel technologies to integrate secondary raw materials (i.e. lightweight recycled aggre-gates and alkali activated “cementless” binders - geopolymers) in the production cycle of concrete is an all-inclusive solution to im-prove both sustainability and cost-efficiency of construction industry. SUS-CON “SUStainable, Innovative and Energy-Efficiency CONcrete, based on the integration of all-waste materials” is an European project (duration 2012-2015), which aim was the inte-gration of secondary raw materials in the production cycle of concrete, thus resulting in innovative, sustainable and cost-effective building solutions. This paper presents the main outcomes related to the successful scaling-up of SUS-CON concrete solutions in traditional production plants. Two European industrial concrete producers have been involved, to design and produce both pre-cast components (blocks and panels) and ready-mixed concrete. Recycled polyurethane foams and mixed plastics were used as aggre-gates, PFA (Pulverized Fuel Ash, a by-product of coal fuelled power plants) and GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag, a by-product of iron and steel industries) as binders. Eventually, the installation of SUS-CON concrete solutions on real buildings has been demonstrated, with the construction of three mock-ups located in Europe (Spain, Turkey and Romania

A study of the dynamics of magnetic disaccommodation in amorphous ferromagnets. II. Theoretical considerations

The results obtained in part I are interpreted in terms of the viscosity field arising from independent processes of directional ordering for magnetic defects dispersed in the amorphous structure and interacting with the magnetization vector. A specific model is developed in order to take into account the changes in the ordering kinetics induced by the periodic magnetization rotations described in part I. This model, however, requires that the magnetic induction remain constant during the whole measurement; as a consequence, the model's predictions cannot be directly compared with the experimental results, obtained instead at constant applied field. This difficulty is overcome by deriving a general relationship between the magnetic‐induction decay and the viscosity field kinetics for an arbitrary number of half‐periods of the square‐wave field. The agreement of our theory with the experimental results turns out to be quite satisfactory. As consequence, the ordering processes responsible for the magnetic aftereffect in amorphous ferromagnets may be described as essentially uncorrelated

Magnetic Properties And Giant Magnetoresistance Of Magnetic Granular Co10cu90 Alloys Obtained By Direct-current Joule Heating

The direct-current (dc) joule heating technique was exploited to fabricate giant magnetoresistance (GMR) Co10Cu90 granular alloys. The Co cluster precipitation process was investigated by calorimetric and x-ray diffraction measurements. At T=10 K, the largest MR change of 25.0% has been observed for the melt-spun Co10Cu90 ribbon annealed at I=5 A. The magnetoresistance scales approximately as the inverse Co particle size. At room temperature, it was found that the dc joule-heated samples show relatively high GMR in comparison with furnace-annealed samples. Based on the phenomenological GMR model, we assumed that it is a consequence of smaller Co particles formed in dc joule-heated samples. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.7885062506

Mechanical, thermal, hygroscopic and acoustic properties of bio-aggregates – lime and alkali - activated insulating composite materials: A review of current status and prospects for miscanthus as an innovative resource in the South West of England

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordBio-based building materials are composites of vegetal particles embedded in an organic or mineral matrix. Their multi-scale porous structure confers to them interesting thermal, hygroscopic and acoustic properties. These performance properties have spurred research on these materials as alternative building materials with low embodied energy. This review contains a comprehensive critical analysis of mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties of bio-based building materials with a particular focus on the interactions of various constituents and manufacturing parameters. Alkali-activated binders are reviewed for their potential use in high strength bio-based composites. A detailed physico-chemical characterisation of the aggregates and compatibility analysis allow a comprehensive understanding of fundamental phenomena affecting mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties of bio-based building materials. A wide range of biomass materials is available for building composites, and hemp shives remain the most prevalent bio-aggregate. In the context of England, the farming of industrial hemp remains limited, due in part to the long, costly licencing process and the abandonment of processing subsidy as part of the EU common agricultural policy in 2013. On the other hand, Miscanthus (elephant grass) is a perennial, low-energy, and well-established crop in the England which is gaining interest from farmers in the South West region. Its development aligns with actual agricultural, land management and environmental policies with potential to fuel innovative industrial applications. This review performs a critical assessment of the performance of bio-based materials in an attempt to identify potential frameworks and opportunities to develop building insulating materials from miscanthus.Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)Miscanthus Nursery LtdAgrikinetics Lt