Enfoques teórico-conceptuales sobre la economía del desarrollo desde América Latina

http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4521626 The present work shows the different approaches that have succeeded in the development economy in American lands, specifically in the South of the continent, where it has been possible to consolidate a school of thought called structuralist that has marked an important space in the academic, economic, social and political fields worldwide. The deepening of globalization determined the evolution of that thought adapting to the new circumstances, conforming the so-called neo-structuralism that today is the contradictory tendency of the dominant paradigm: neoliberalism. That questions that the origin of global economic problems lies in the market distortions since it considers that these are mainly due to structural and historical causes and, therefore, the solutions to this current problem must be approached from a different perspective. Finally, a new current of thought on this subject is analyzed, arising from the very essence of the American Andes: the Sumak Kawsay that is framed in post-developmental and heterodox tendencies and that constitutes a theory still under construction, but that marks a new stage in the design of an own and authentic thought about our reality and its solutions.http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4521626 El presente trabajo muestra los diferentes enfoques que sobre la economía del desarrollo han germinado en tierras americanas, específicamente en el Sur del continente, en donde se ha logrado consolidar una escuela del pensamiento denominada estructuralista que ha marcado un espacio importante en el campo académico, económico, social y político a nivel mundial. La profundización de la globalización determinó la evolución de ese pensamiento adaptándose a las nuevas circunstancias, conformándose el denominado neo estructuralismo que hoy es la tendencia contradictora del paradigma dominante: el neoliberalismo, a quien cuestiona que el origen de los problemas económicos globales se encuentre en las distorsiones del mercado puesto que considera que éstos se deben a causas de tipo estructural e histórico principalmente y, por lo tanto, las soluciones a esa problemática actual deben ser encaradas desde una óptica diferente. Finamente, se analiza una nueva corriente del pensamiento sobre esta temática, surgida de la esencia misma de los andes americanos: el Sumak Kawsay que se enmarca en las tendencias post desarrollistas y heterodoxas y que constituye una teoría todavía en construcción, pero que marca una nueva etapa en el diseño de un pensamiento propio y auténtico sobre nuestra realidad y sus soluciones

Microwave sintering of dense and lattice 3Y-TZP samples shaped by digital light processing

Nowadays it is possible to produce ceramic parts with solid and complex shapes with rapid and efficient shaping and sintering techniques. In this paper, 3mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP) dense and lattice parts were shaped by Digital light processing method (DLP) and densified by conventional (CV) and microwave (MW) sintering. 3Y-TZP samples were MW sintered up to 1550 °C with different heating rates (10, 30, and 50 °C/min) for the dense samples and 30 °C/min for the lattice samples. Controlled thermal cycles with a homogenous heating and no thermal runaway was reached. CV sintering was carried out at 10 °C/min up to 1550 °C. No inter-layer delamination was detected after sintering by the two methods. Both dense and lattice MW-sintered samples reached high final densities (equivalent to obtained values with CV-sintered samples, i.e., ≥98% T.D.), but exhibited a lower average grain size than CV-sintered materials. The different architectures between dense and lattice samples resulted in a different specific absorbed power: the power absorbed by the dense sample is lower than that absorbed by the lattice one meaning that this sample architecture heats up easily

Las industrias militares y su aporte al desarrollo socioeconómico del país

La institución militar siempre ha estado presente en la evolución política, económica y social del país es así que en aplicación a lo prescrito en la Constitución Política del Estado, se propende al desarrollo de las industrias militares destinadas a la defensa nacional que se orienta a fortalecer la capacidad logística y administrativa de la institución y el bienestar del personal, en correspondencia con las demandas operativas y de desarrollo de cada Fuerza. Actualmente nuestra nación enfrenta un reto en el campo económico-social, reto que implica alcanzar urgentemente el desarrollo armónico. Equitativo y sustentable que posibilite la satisfacción de las necesidades presentes, sin comprometer los recursos que las futuras generaciones requieran para atender sus necesidades. En este contexto es, por tanto imprescindible que todas las organizaciones e instituciones del Estado participen activamente y se involucren decididamente para con trabajo y esfuerzo mancomunado, permitir al país alcanzar el desarrollo deseado.1. ESCENARIO SOCIO ECONÓMICO Y POLÍTICO 2.ASPECTOS NORMATIVOS 3. SITUACIÓN GENERAL DE LAS EMPRESAS DE FUERZAS ARMADAS 4. DIRECCIÓN DE INDUSTRIAS DEL EJÉRCITO 5. PROACTIVIDAD O MOTIVACIÓN CORPORATIVA 6. ESCENARIOS TENDENCIALES 7. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONE

Animal Model Reveals Potential Waterborne Transmission of Helicobacter pylori Infection

BackgroundHelicobacter pylori infection has been consistently associated with lack of access to clean water and proper sanitation, but no studies have demonstrated that the transmission of H. pylori can occur from drinking contaminated water. In this study, we used a laboratory mouse model to test whether waterborne H. pylori could cause gastric infection.Materials and MethodsGroups of immunocompetent C57/BL6 Helicobacter‐free mice were exposed to static concentrations (1.29 × 105, 106, 107, 108, and 109 CFU/L) of H. pylori in their drinking water for 4 weeks. One group of Helicobacter‐free mice was exposed to uncontaminated water as a negative control. H. pylori morphology changes in water were examined using microscopy Live/Dead staining. Following exposure, H. pylori infection and inflammation status in the stomach were evaluated using quantitative culture, PCR, the rapid urease test, and histology.ResultsNone of the mice in the negative control or 105 groups were infected. One of 20 cages (one of 40 mice) of the 106 group, three of 19 cages (four of 38 mice) of the 107 CFU/L group, 19 of 20 cages (33 of 40 mice) of the 108 group, and 20 of 20 cages (39 of 40 mice) of the 109 CFU/L group were infected. Infected mice had significantly higher gastric inflammation than uninfected mice (27.86% higher inflammation, p < .0001).ConclusionsWe offer proof that H. pylori in water is infectious in mice, suggesting that humans drinking contaminated water may be at risk of contracting H. pylori infection. Much work needs to be performed to better understand the risk of infection from drinking H. pylori‐contaminated water.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/113676/1/hel12216.pd

The growth of COVID-19 scientific literature: A forecast analysis of different daily time series in specific settings

Paper submitted to the ISSI Conference 2021.We present a forecasting analysis on the growth of scientific literature related to COVID-19 expected for 2021. Considering the paramount scientific and financial efforts made by the research community to find solutions to end the COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented volume of scientific outputs is being produced. This questions the capacity of scientists, politicians and citizens to maintain infrastructure, digest content and take scientifically informed decisions. A crucial aspect is to make predictions to prepare for such a large corpus of scientific literature. Here we base our predictions on the ARIMA model and use two different data sources: the Dimensions and World Health Organization COVID-19 databases. These two sources have the particularity of including in the metadata information on the date in which papers were indexed. We present global predictions, plus predictions in three specific settings: by type of access (Open Access), by NLM source (PubMed and PMC), and by domain-specific repository (SSRN and MedRxiv). We conclude by discussing our findings

Fast optimized Monte Carlo phase-space generation and dose prediction for low energy x-ray intra-operative radiation therapy

Low energy x-ray intra-operative radiation therapy (IORT) is used mostly for breast cancer treatment with spherical applicators. X-ray IORT treatment delivered during surgery (ex: INTRABEAM (R), Carl Zeiss) can benefit from accurate and fast dose prediction in a patient 3D volume. However, full Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are time-consuming and no commercial treatment planning system (TPS) was available for this treatment delivery technique. Therefore, the aim of this work is to develop a dose computation tool based on MC phase space information, which computes fast and accurate dose distributions for spherical and needle INTRABEAM (R) applicators. First, a database of monoenergetic phase-space (PHSP) files and depth dose profiles (DDPs) in water for each applicator is generated at factory and stored for on-site use. During commissioning of a given INTRABEAM (R) unit, the proposed fast and optimized phase-space (FOPS) generation process creates a phase-space at the exit of the applicator considered, by fitting the energy spectrum of the source to a combination of the monoenergetic precomputed phase-spaces, by means of a genetic algorithm, with simple experimental data of DDPs in water provided by the user. An in-house hybrid MC (HMC) algorithm which takes into account condensed history simulations of photoelectric, Rayleigh and Compton interactions for x-rays up to 1 MeV computes the dose from the optimized phase-space file. The whole process has been validated against radiochromic films in water as well as reference MC simulations performed with pen Easy in heterogeneous phantoms. From the pre-computed monoenergetic PHSP files and DDPs, building the PHSP file optimized to a particular depth-dose curve in water only takes a few minutes in a single core ([email protected] GHz), for all the applicators considered in this work, and this needs to be done only when the x-ray source (XRS) is replaced. Once the phase-space file is ready, the HMC code is able to compute dose distributions within 10 min. For all the applicators, more than 95% of voxels from dose distributions computed with the FOPS+hybrid code agreed within 7%-0.5 mm with both reference MC simulations and measurements. The method proposed has been fully validated and it is now implemented into radiance (GMV SA, Spain), the first commercial IORT TPS

Hydrogen production during the irradiation of gaseous organic compounds: advantage of an extracted beam

ACE, Accélérateur, NIMBInternational audienceThis paper presents a fundamental study of the radiolysis of gaseous organic molecules induced by proton beam. For that purpose, a specific extracted beam line associated with a gas irradiation cell was set up on the 4 MV facility of the Institut de Physique Nucléaire of Lyon. The first experiments have been performed with gaseous alkanes and alkenes. The gaseous species formed during irradiation are analysed by an on-line gas chromatography instrument equipped with two detectors. In order to test our experimental faiclity, we have studied the influence of irradiation parameters (duration, beam intensity, pressure) on the production of hydrogen. In the case of propane, the radiolytic yield value of hydrogen G(H$_2$) is equal to 3.7 for total does in the range of 0.4 to 2.3 MGy at atmospheric pressure

Hybrid strategy for unstable patients with severe carotid and cardiac disease requiring surgery

Background: Concurrent severe carotid and cardiac disease is a challenging situation where staged surgery is probably the most common strategy. However, in patients with an unstable clinical presentation, the best approach is still a matter of debate. The aim of the study was to report in-hospital and midterm outcome in patients who received carotid artery stenting and synchronous cardiac surgery. Methods: From June 1998 to July 2012, 54 consecutive patients who were treated at a high-volume university medical center with this hybrid approach were included in the study. All of the patients received carotid angioplasty while being administered aspirin and regular unfractionated heparin. Then, all of the patients were immediately transferred to the operating room for coronary and/or cardiac valve surgery. All of the patients were administered aspirin and clopidogrel once bleeding was ruled out, after surgery. Results: There were 5 in-hospital surgical related deaths, and no patient suffered a stroke or required carotid urgent re-intervention. At follow-up (55 ± 28 months; range 1–144 months), there were no new neurological deficits, while one additional death occurred. Conclusions: In this series, synchronous carotid stenting and cardiac surgery were feasible with an acceptable complication rate in a high-surgical-risk population, which could not undergo staged procedures.

¿Cuál es su diagnóstico?

ResumenSe trata de un paciente masculino de 58 años de edad, procedente de área rural, que refiere dolor torácico y disfagia, asociado a disnea leve, de inicio hace varios meses. Tiene como antecedente haber presentado cáncer de esófago hace tres años, por lo cual fue operado y sometido a radioterapia; no aporta más información relacionada ni trae estudios previos. Niega otros antecedentes. El examen fisico no muestra hallazgos de importancia

¿Cuál es su diagnóstico?

ResumenMujer de 30 años que consultó por masa a nivel vulvar, acompañada de crecimiento del perimetro abdominal y pérdida de peso. TenÍa como antecedente dos intervenciones previas por quistes vaginales (1 y 2 años antes), sin informe histopatológico. GOPO con deseos de embarazo