A weak group inverse for rectangular matrices

[EN] In this paper, we extend the notion of weak group inverse to rectangular matrices (called WweightedWGinverse) by using the weighted core EP inverse recently investigated. This new generalized inverse also generalizes the well-known weighted group inverse given by Cline and Greville. In addition, we give several representations of the W-weighted WG inverse, and derive some characterizations and properties.First author was partially supported by UNRC (Grant PPI 18/C472) and CONICET (Grant PIP 112-201501-00433CO). Third author was partially supported by Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad of Spain (Grants DGI MTM2013-43678-P and Red de Excelencia MTM2017-90682-REDT).Ferreyra, DE.; Orquera, V.; Thome, N. (2019). A weak group inverse for rectangular matrices. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales Serie A Matemáticas. 113(4):3727-3740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-019-00674-9S372737401134Ben-Israel, A., Greville, T.N.E.: Generalized Inverses: Theory and Applications, 2nd edn. Springer, New York (2003)Baksalary, O.M., Trenkler, G.: Core inverse of matrices. Linear Multilinear Algebra 58, 681–697 (2010)Baksalary, O.M., Trenkler, G.: On a generalized core inverse. Appl. Math. Comput. 236, 450–457 (2014)Bajodah, A.H.: Servo-constraint generalized inverse dynamics for robot manipulator control design. Int. J. Robot. Autom. 25, (2010). https://doi.org/10.2316/Journal.206.2016.1.206-3291Campbell, S.L., Meyer Jr., C.D.: Generalized Inverses of Linear transformations. SIAM, Philadelphia (2009)Cline, R.E., Greville, T.N.E.: A Drazin inverse for rectangular matrices. Linear Algebra Appl. 29, 53–62 (1980)Dajić, A., Koliha, J.J.: The weighted g-Drazin inverse for operators. J. Aust. Math. Soc. 2, 163–181 (2007)Doty, K.L., Melchiorri, C., Bonivento, C.: A theory of generalized inverses applied to robotics. Int. J. Rob. Res. 12, 1–19 (1993)Drazin, M.P.: Pseudo-inverses in associate rings and semirings. Am. Math. Mon. 65, 506–514 (1958)Ferreyra, D.E., Levis, F.E., Thome, N.: Revisiting of the core EP inverse and its extension to rectangular matrices. Quaest. Math. 41, 265–281 (2018)Ferreyra, D.E., Levis, F.E., Thome, N.: Maximal classes of matrices determining generalized inverses. Appl. Math. Comput. 333, 42–52 (2018)Gigola, S., Lebtahi, L., Thome, N.: The inverse eigenvalue problem for a Hermitian reflexive matrix and the optimization problem. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 291, 449–457 (2016)Hartwig, R.E.: The weighted $$*$$ ∗ -core-nilpotent decomposition. Linear Algebra Appl. 211, 101–111 (1994)Kirkland, S.J., Neumann, M.: Group inverses of M-matrices and their applications. Chapman and Hall/CRC, London (2013)Malik, S., Thome, N.: On a new generalized inverse for matrices of an arbitrary index. Appl. Math. Comput. 226, 575–580 (2014)Male $${{\check{\rm s}}}$$ s ˇ ević, B., Obradović, R., Banjac, B., Jovović, I., Makragić, M.: Application of polynomial texture mapping in process of digitalization of cultural heritage. arXiv:1312.6935 (2013). Accessed 14 June 2018Manjunatha Prasad, K., Mohana, K.S.: Core EP inverse. Linear Multilinear Algebra 62, 792–802 (2014)Mehdipour, M., Salemi, A.: On a new generalized inverse of matrices. Linear Multilinear Algebra 66, 1046–1053 (2018)Meng, L.S.: The DMP inverse for rectangular matrices. Filomat 31, 6015–6019 (2017)Mosić, D.: The CMP inverse for rectangular matrices. Aequaetiones Math. 92, 649–659 (2018)Penrose, R.: A generalized inverse for matrices. Proc. Cambrid. Philos. Soc. 51, 406–413 (1955)Soleimani, F., Stanimirović, P.S., Soleymani, F.: Some matrix iterations for computing generalized inverses and balancing chemical equations. Algorithms 8, 982–998 (2015)Xiao, G.Z., Shen, B.Z., Wu, C.K., Wong, C.S.: Some spectral techniques in coding theory. Discrete Math. 87, 181–186 (1991)Wang, H.: Core-EP decomposition and its applications. Linear Algebra Appl. 508, 289–300 (2016)Wang, H., Chen, J.: Weak group inverse. Open Math. 16, 1218–1232 (2018)Wei, Y.: A characterization for the $$W$$ W -weighted Drazin inverse and a Crammer rule for the $$W$$ W -weighted Drazin inverse solution. Appl. Math. Comput. 125, 303–310 (2002

Optimization of the protein concentration process from residual peanut oil-cake

The objective of this study was to find the best process conditions for preparing protein concentrate from residual peanut oil-cake (POC). The study was carried out on POC from industrial peanut oil extraction. Different protein extraction and precipitation conditions were used: water/ flour ratio (10:1, 20:1 and 30:1), pH (8, 9 and 10), NaCl concentration (0 and 0.5 M), extraction time (30, 60 and 120 min), temperature (25, 40 and 60 °C), extraction stages (1, 2 and 3), and precipitation pH (4, 4.5 and 5). The extraction and precipitation conditions which showed the highest protein yield were 10:1 water/flour ratio, extraction at pH 9, no NaCl, 2 extraction stages of 30 min at 40 °C and precipitation at pH 4.5. Under these conditions, the peanut protein concentrate (PC) contained 86.22% protein, while the initial POC had 38.04% . POC is an alternative source of protein that can be used for human consumption or animal nutrition. Therefore, it adds value to an industry residue.<br><br>El objetivo de este trabajo fue encontrar las mejores condiciones para obtener un concentrado de proteínas a partir de la torta residual de maní (POC). El estudio se llevó a cabo en POC provenientes de la extracción industrial de aceite de maní. Se utilizaron distintas condiciones para la extracción y precipitación de proteínas: relación agua / harina (10:1, 20:1 y 30:1), pH de extracción (8, 9 y 10), concentración de NaCl (0 y 0,5 M), tiempo de extracción (30, 60 y 120 min), temperatura (25, 40 y 60 °C), número de etapas de extracción (1, 2 y 3), y el pH de precipitación (4, 4,5 y 5). Las condiciones de extracción y de precipitación que mostraron mayor rendimiento de proteína fueron: relación de 10:1 en agua / harina, pH de extracción de 9, en ausencia de NaCl, 2 etapas de extracción de 30 min cada una a 40 °C y el pH de precipitación de 4,5. En estas condiciones, el concentrado de proteína de maní (PC) fue de 86,22%, mientras que el porcentaje de proteínas de la POC inicial fue de 38,04%. Las POC son una fuente alternativa de proteínas que pueden ser utilizadas para el consumo humano o la alimentación animal. De esta manera, se le puede dar un valor agregado extra a un residuo de la industria del aceite del maní

cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I Is Implicated in the Regulation of the Timing and Quality of Sleep and Wakefulness

Many effects of nitric oxide (NO) are mediated by the activation of guanylyl cyclases and subsequent production of the second messenger cyclic guanosine-3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP). cGMP activates cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PRKGs), which can therefore be considered downstream effectors of NO signaling. Since NO is thought to be involved in the regulation of both sleep and circadian rhythms, we analyzed these two processes in mice deficient for cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (PRKG1) in the brain. Prkg1 mutant mice showed a strikingly altered distribution of sleep and wakefulness over the 24 hours of a day as well as reductions in rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) duration and in non-REM sleep (NREMS) consolidation, and their ability to sustain waking episodes was compromised. Furthermore, they displayed a drastic decrease in electroencephalogram (EEG) power in the delta frequency range (1–4 Hz) under baseline conditions, which could be normalized after sleep deprivation. In line with the re-distribution of sleep and wakefulness, the analysis of wheel-running and drinking activity revealed more rest bouts during the activity phase and a higher percentage of daytime activity in mutant animals. No changes were observed in internal period length and phase-shifting properties of the circadian clock while chi-squared periodogram amplitude was significantly reduced, hinting at a less robust oscillator. These results indicate that PRKG1 might be involved in the stabilization and output strength of the circadian oscillator in mice. Moreover, PRKG1 deficiency results in an aberrant pattern, and consequently a reduced quality, of sleep and wakefulness, possibly due to a decreased wake-promoting output of the circadian system impinging upon sleep

Correction: Pulsed moxifloxacin for the prevention of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Acute exacerbations contribute to the morbidity and mortality associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This proof-of-concept study evaluates whether intermittent pulsed moxifloxacin treatment could reduce the frequency of these exacerbations. METHODS: Stable patients with COPD were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to receive moxifloxacin 400 mg PO once daily (N = 573) or placebo (N = 584) once a day for 5 days. Treatment was repeated every 8 weeks for a total of six courses. Patients were repeatedly assessed clinically and microbiologically during the 48-week treatment period, and for a further 24 weeks' follow-up. RESULTS: At 48 weeks the odds ratio (OR) for suffering an exacerbation favoured moxifloxacin: per-protocol (PP) population (N = 738, OR 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.565-0.994, p = 0.046), intent-to-treat (ITT) population (N = 1149, OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.645-1.008, p = 0.059), and a post-hoc analysis of per-protocol (PP) patients with purulent/mucopurulent sputum production at baseline (N = 323, OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.36-0.84, p = 0.006).There were no significant differences between moxifloxacin and placebo in any pre-specified efficacy subgroup analyses or in hospitalization rates, mortality rates, lung function or changes in St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total scores. There was, however, a significant difference in favour of moxifloxacin in the SGRQ symptom domain (ITT: -8.2 vs -3.8, p = 0.009; PP: -8.8 vs -4.4, p = 0.006). Moxifloxacin treatment was not associated with consistent changes in moxifloxacin susceptibility. There were more treatment-emergent, drug related adverse events with moxifloxacin vs placebo (p < 0.001) largely due to gastrointestinal events (4.7% vs 0.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent pulsed therapy with moxifloxacin reduced the odds of exacerbation by 20% in the ITT population, by 25% among the PP population and by 45% in PP patients with purulent/mucopurulent sputum at baseline. There were no unexpected adverse events and there was no evidence of resistance development. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00473460 (ClincalTrials.gov)

Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 attenuates the toxicity of carbon tetrachloride

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is routinely used as a model compound for eliciting centrilobular hepatotoxicity. It can be bioactivated to the trichloromethyl radical, which causes extensive lipid peroxidation and ultimately cell death by necrosis. Overactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) can rapidly reduce the levels of (β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and adenosine triphosphate and ultimately promote necrosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether inhibition of PARP-1 could decrease CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, as measured by degree of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxidation,and oxidative DNA damage. For this purpose, male ICR mice were administered intraperitoneally a hepatotoxic dose of CCl4 with or without 6(5H)-phenanthridinone, a potent inhibitor of PARP-1. Animals treated with CCl4 exhibited extensive poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in centrilobular hepatocytes, elevated serum levels of LDH, and increased lipid peroxidation. In contrast, animals treated concomitantly with CCl4 and 6(5H)-phenanthridinone showed significantly lower levels of poly(ADP-ribosyl) ation, serum LDH, and lipid peroxidation. No changes were observed in the levels of oxidative DNA damage regardless of treatment. These results demonstrated that the hepatotoxicity of CCl4is dependent on the overactivation of PARP-1 and that inhibition of this enzyme attenuates the hepatotoxicity of CCl4

Traditional medicinal plant use in Northern Peru: tracking two thousand years of healing culture

This paper examines the traditional use of medicinal plants in Northern Peru, with special focus on the Departments of Piura, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Cajamarca, and San Martin. Northern Peru represents the center of the old Central Andean "Health Axis," stretching from Ecuador to Bolivia. The roots of traditional healing practices in this region go at least as far back as the Moche period (AC 100–800). Although about 50% of the plants in use reported in the colonial period have disappeared from the popular pharmacopoeia, the plant knowledge of the population is much more extensive than in other parts of the Andean region. 510 plant species used for medicinal purposes were collected, identified and their vernacular names, traditional uses and applications recorded. The families best represented were Asteraceae with 69 species, Fabaceae (35), Lamiaceae (25), and Solanaceae (21). Euphorbiaceae had twelve species, and Apiaceae and Poaceae 11 species. The highest number of species was used for the treatment of "magical/ritual" ailments (207 species), followed by respiratory disorders (95), problems of the urinary tract (85), infections of female organs (66), liver ailments (61), inflammations (59), stomach problems (51) and rheumatism (45). Most of the plants used (83%) were native to Peru. Fresh plants, often collected wild, were used in two thirds of all cases, and the most common applications included the ingestion of herb decoctions or the application of plant material as poultices

Nutraceutical therapies for atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting large and medium arteries and is considered to be a major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the development of pharmacotherapies to treat CVD has contributed to a decline in cardiac mortality in the past few decades, CVD is estimated to be the cause of one-third of deaths globally. Nutraceuticals are natural nutritional compounds that are beneficial for the prevention or treatment of disease and, therefore, are a possible therapeutic avenue for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this Review is to highlight potential nutraceuticals for use as antiatherogenic therapies with evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, the current evidence from observational and randomized clinical studies into the role of nutraceuticals in preventing atherosclerosis in humans will also be discussed