Detection of fixed points in spatiotemporal signals by clustering method

We present a method to determine fixed points in spatiotemporal signals. A 144-dimensioanl simulated signal, similar to a Kueppers-Lortz instability, is analyzed and its fixed points are reconstructed.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure

CHARITIES-STATUTORY RESTRICTIONS ON TESTAMENTARY DISPOSITIONS TO CHARITY-INTERPRETATION OF CALIFORNIA STATUTE

Testatrix, domiciled in California, devised her residuary estate to the Eastern Star Lodge, expressly disinheriting her heirs. A further clause provided, Any portion of my estate which shall be held to have been disposed of in violation of section 41 of the Probate Code shall be distributed to my friend, Eleanor Mott. Section 41 provides that charitable gifts made by a testator, survived by certain designated relatives, including nephews and nieces, who, under the will, or the laws of succession, would otherwise have taken the property so bequeathed or devised, would be invalid unless executed at least thirty days prior to the testator\u27s death, and that property bequeathed contrary to these provisions should go to the relatives of the statutory class, if and to the extent that they would otherwise have taken said property as aforesaid but for such. devises and legacies and that otherwise the testator\u27s estate shall\u27 go in accordance with his will and such devises and legacies shall be unaffected. A final clause, an amendment of 1943, directs that nothing in the statute should be so construed as to vest the property in anyone not a relative, or in any such relative, unless and then only to the extent that such relative takes the same under a substitutional or residuary bequest or devise in the will or under the laws of succession because of other effective disposition in the will. Within thirty days of the execution of the will testatrix died, leaving as heirs a half-brother and nephews and nieces. The lower court found the charitable gift invalid and awarded the residue to the substitutional legatee. Held, on appeal, that the gift to charity was valid. The heirs were precluded from taking under the will, being named neither as substitutional nor residuary legatees; nor could they take under the laws of succession, since intestacy was effectively prevented by the inclusion of a substitutional legatee. However, this legatee, being a non-relative, was expressly prohibited from taking by the statute. Haines\u27 Estate, (Cal. 1946) 173 P. (2d) 693

RESTITUTION-RECOVERY OF INSURANCE PAYMENTS MADE UNDER A MISTAKE OF FACT AS TO THE DEATH OF THE INSURED

Respondent insurance company, upon receipt of claims filed by the appellant beneficiary and a copy of the original Certificate of Presumptive Death issued by the Maritime War Emergency Board, certifying that the insured was presumed to have died on or about November 28, 1942, paid to the beneficiary the face amount of a life insurance policy plus a refund of a premium payment received after the date of presumptive death. Subsequently it was discovered that the insured was a prisoner of war in Japan and, having received from the Maritime War Emergency Board a correction of the original certificate, the insurer requested the beneficiary to refund the money and reinstate the policy. Upon beneficiary\u27s refusal to do so, the insurer brought an equity action to recover the funds. Held, that the payments, having been made under a mutual mistake of fact, may be recovered. Pilot Life Insurance Co. v. Cudd, (S.C. 1945) 36 S.E. (2d) 860

CORPORATIONS - CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT CONFERRING VOTING RIGHTS ON OUTSTANDING PREFERRED STOCK-REMEDY OF NON-ASSENTING COMMON STOCKHOLDER UNDER NEW YORK APPRAISAL STATUTE

By amendment of its certificate of incorporation, defendant conferred upon its outstanding preferred stock voting rights equal to those of the common. This alteration reduced the voting interest of the plaintiff\u27s fifty shares of common stock from an approximately 1/33,000 to 1/36,000 part. Plaintiff, who at all times had opposed adoption of the amendment, instituted proceedings under a provision of the New York Stock Corporation Law awarding to dissenting stockholders the right to an appraisal of and payment for their stock if the certificate . . . abolishes any voting right of the holders of shares of any class or limits their voting rights, except as such rights may be limited by the voting rights given to new shares of any class authorized by the certificate. The Appellate Division unanimously affirmed an order of the Supreme Court at Special Term denying the appraisal on the ground that any limitation of the plaintiff\u27s voting rights was so insignificant as to be described as de minimus. On appeal, held, reversed. Granting the preferred stock voting rights altered, diminished and thus limited the voting power of the common; consequently an appraisal must be granted. Marcus v. R.H. Macy & Co., (N.Y. Ct. App. 1947) 74 N.E. (2d) 228

CONFLICT OF LAWS-LIMITATION OF ACTIONS-DETERMINATION OF PLACE OF ACCRUAL OF ACTION TO ENFORCE LIABILITY OF STOCKHOLDERS IN INSOLVENT NATIONAL BANKS

Suits in equity were brought in the federal district courts of Ohio and Pennsylvania against resident shareholders of Banco Kentucky Company, a bank-stock holding corporation. The purpose of the litigation was to enforce an assessment under the National Bank Act on the shares of an insolvent national bank which Banco owned. Ohio and Pennsylvania have six year statutes of limitations on such an action. They also have borrowing statutes, barring suit on a cause of action no longer enforceable in the jurisdiction in which it arose. The bank had been authorized to conduct its activities in Louisville, Kentucky, had engaged in business in no other place, and its receivership had been administered there. The Kentucky limitation was five years. Suit in each case had been commenced about five and a half years after the cause arose. The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals held that the cause of action arose in Kentucky and that suit was barred, while the Third Circuit Court disagreed. On certiorari to the Supreme Court, held the judgment in the sixth circuit affirmed and that in the third reversed. Anderson v. Helmers, (U.S. 1947) 67 S. Ct. 1340

CHATTEL MORTGAGE--VALIDITY OF RECORDED CHATTEL MORTGAGE AS AGAINST ORDINARY PURCHASER--POSSESSION ENTRUSTED TO MORTGAGOR-DEALER REGULARLY ENGAGED IN SALE OF SIMILAR ARTICLES

Plaintiffs purchased from a retail dealer, in the ordinary course of trade, automobiles which were subject to properly recorded mortgages given by the dealer to defendant finance company. The certificates of title which the mortgage-dealer had been permitted to retain indicated that the vehicles were free from lien. Claiming default in payments by the dealer, the defendant seized the automobiles. Plaintiffs brought actions seeking repossession and damages. As the evidence clearly disclosed, defendant anticipated that the dealer would make no disclosure of the encumbrance at the time of sale, but rather expected that the lien would subsequently be discharged with the proceeds of sale. Defendant contemplated that the chattel mortgage recording act would protect his security and that loss occurring through default by a dishonest dealer could be recovered from the purchaser. In addition, the evidence failed to explain satisfactorily why a part of the $100,000 paid over to the defendant during the two and a half month period following these sale transactions had not been applied to the discharge of these particular mortgagees. The trial court, on the theory that loss should fall on the party making the perpetration of the fraud possible, granted relief to the plaintiffs. On appeal, held, affirmed. By the course of its previous transactions with the dealer and its methods of doing business, the defendant waived its right to enforce the lien against purchasers having no actual notice. Dass v. Contract Purchase Corporation, 318 Mich. 348, 28 N.W. (2d).226 (1947)

Triple correlation for detection of damage-related nonlinearities in composite structures

Nonlinear effects in vibration responses are investigated for the undamaged composite plate and the composite plate with a delamination. The analysis is focused on higher harmonic generation in vibration responses for various excitation amplitude levels. This effect is investigated using the triple correlation technique. The dynamics of composite plate was modelled using two-dimensional finite elements and the classical lamination theory. The doubled-node approach was used to model delamination area. Mode shapes and natural frequencies were estimated based on numerical models. Next, the delamination divergence analysis was used to obtain relative displacements for delaminated plies. Experimental modal analysis test was carried out to verify the numerical models. The two strongest vibration modes as well as two vibration modes with the smallest and largest motion level of delaminated plies were selected for nonlinear vibration test. The Fisher criterion was employed to verify the effectiveness and confidence level of the proposed technique. The results show that the method can be used not only to reveal nonlinearities, but also to reliably detect impact damage in composites. These results are confirmed using the statistical analysis

Quantitative pharmacologic MRI: Mapping the cerebral blood volume response to cocaine in dopamine transporter knockout mice

The use of pharmacologic MRI (phMRI) in mouse models of brain disorders allows noninvasive in vivo assessment of drug-modulated local cerebral blood volume changes (ΔCBV) as one correlate of neuronal and neurovascular activities. In this report, we employed CBV-weighted phMRI to compare cocaine-modulated neuronal activity in dopamine transporter (DAT) knockout (KO) and wild-typemice. Cocaine acts to block the dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters (DAT, NET, and SERT) that clear their respective neurotransmitters from the synapses, helping to terminate cognate neurotransmission. Cocaine consistently reduced CBV, with a similar pattern of regional ΔCBV in brain structures involved inmediating reward in both DAT genotypes. The largest effects (−20% to −30% ΔCBV) were seen in the nucleus accumbens and several cortical regions. Decreasing response amplitudes to cocaine were noted in more posterior components of the cortico-mesolimbic circuit. DAT KO mice had significantly attenuated ΔCBV amplitudes, shortened times to peak response, and reduced response duration in most regions. This study demonstrates that DAT knockout does not abolish the phMRI responses to cocaine, suggesting that adaptations to loss of DAT and/or retained cocaine activity in other monoamine neurotransmitter systems underlie these responses in DAT KO mice

Interaction of the ionic liquid [BMP][TFSA] with rutile TiO2(110) and coadsorbed lithium

Aiming at a fundamental understanding of the processes at the electrode|ionic liquid interface in Li ion batteries, we investigated the interaction of the ionic liquid n-butyl-n-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [BMP][TFSA] and of Li with a reduced rutile TiO2(110) (1 × 1) surface as well as the interaction between [BMP][TFSA] and Li on the TiO2(110) surface under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy. Between 80 K and 340 K [BMP][TFSA] adsorbs molecularly on the surface and at higher temperatures decomposition is observed, resulting in products such as Sad, Fad and TiNx. The decomposition pattern is compared to proposals based on theory. Small amounts of Li intercalate even at 80 K into TiO2(110), forming Li+ and Ti3+ species. The stoichiometry in the near surface region corresponds to Li7Ti5O12. For higher coverages in the range of several monolayers part of the Li remains on the surface, forming a Li2O cover layer. At 300 K, Ti3+ species become sufficiently mobile to diffuse into the bulk. Li post-deposition on a [BMP][TFSA] covered TiO2(110) surface at 80 K results in two competing reactions, Li intercalation and reaction with the IL, resulting in the decomposition of the IL. Upon warming up, the Ti3+ formed at low T is consumed by reaction with the IL adlayer and intermediate decomposition products. Post-deposition of [BMP][TFSA] (300 K) on a surface pre-covered with a Li2O/Li7Ti5O12 layer results in the partial reaction of [BMP][TFSA] with the Li+ and Ti3+ species, which gets completed at higher temperatures