Processi decisionali intuitivi e apprendimento di rete. Alcune evidenze empiriche dall\u2019analisi di un grande network internazionale pubblico/no-profit

Due capacit\ue0 organizzative sempre pi\uf9 necessarie nell\u2019attuale scenario competitivo sono la rapidit\ue0 decisionale e la capacit\ue0 di costruire e gestire alleanze strategiche. La prima \ue8 favorita da processi decisionali intuitivi. Le IT, in particolare le ICT, hanno un ruolo particolare per la continua implementazione di entrambe. Da un\u2019indagine condotta su di un grande network pubblico/non-profit operante a livello mondiale nel settore della conservazione della natura (Unione Internazionale per la Conservazione della Natura o IUCN) sembra emergere che tra le suddette capacit\ue0 organizzative si possano instaurare relazioni sinergiche di mutuo potenziamento. Nel network IUCN l\u2019attitudine a lavorare in rete e la rapidit\ue0 decisionale (insieme alla capacit\ue0 di apprendimento) sembrano stimolarsi vicendevolmente. In queste condizioni tali fattori uniti possono formare un\u2019unica capacit\ue0 organizzativa distintiva \u201cla capacit\ue0 di lavorare in rete e di decidere velocemente\u201d, diversa dalla somma delle precedenti

Sfide ambientali ardue e vision condivisa di rete

E\u2019 opinione diffusa che il network costituisca una delle risposte organizzative pi\uf9 efficaci, in molti casi una vera e propria \u201cconditio sine qua non\u201d, per affrontare con successo sfide ambientali \u201cardue\u201d. Meno diffusi e soprattutto consolidati sono gli studi e le opinioni in riferimento a quali siano le \u201ccapacit\ue0 organizzative distintive\u201d che permettano ad alcuni network di costituirsi, svilupparsi ed affermarsi meglio di altri nel fronteggiare tali sfide. Pi\uf9 di importanti network privati di successo, il network ibrido pubblico non-profit pu\uf2 dimostrarsi capace di sviluppare \u201cdifferenziali organizzativi\u201d, ossia un \u201cbagaglio di capacit\ue0 organizzative distintive\u201d, tali da permettergli di affrontare e vincere sfide ambientali particolarmente ardue. Ci\uf2 appare confermato nel settore della conservazione dei beni ambientali e culturali. L\u2019obiettivo della presente ricerca \ue8 di identificare alcune delle capacit\ue0 organizzative distintive di quel network che da pi\uf9 di otto decenni \ue8 la realt\ue0 organizzativa leader a livello mondiale nel settore della conservazione dei beni ambientali e culturali. L\u2019ambito di indagine \ue8 costituito dall\u2019insieme di organizzazioni che negli Stati Uniti concorrono, con ruoli diversi, alla gestione delle risorse naturali e culturali definite di interesse nazionale. In particolare l\u2019analisi si \ue8 focalizzata sull\u2019organizzazione pubblica che ricopre un ruolo centrale nel network (l\u2019US Department of Interior - National Park Service) e sui partner riconosciuti di maggior rilievo istituzionale. L\u2019oggetto dell\u2019analisi include anche le relazioni intercorrenti tra queste diverse organizzazioni studiate

L\u2019azienda turistica sostenibile. Prospettive culturali e assetti di network

Il tema dello sviluppo turistico sostenibile e delle aree protette visto nella prospettiva dell\u2019organizzazione aziendale. Il lavoro intende dare una risposta organizzativa ad alcuni quesiti di fondo: perch\ue9 alcuni sistemi turistici locali sono riusciti a vincere la sfida della sostenibilit\ue0 ed altri no? Come mai questi traguardi sono stati raggiunti quasi esclusivamente solo dove sono state istituite delle aree protette? Permeato dell\u2019esperienza dei parchi nazionali statunitensi, nei quali l'autore ha svolto per quattro anni ricerca intervento, il testo offre interessanti spunti di riflessione anche per tutti quegli amministratori o esperti di settore che desiderino migliorare l\u2019offerta turistica locale in termini di ecoturismo o di heritage tourism

Ecoturismo in Europa: metodologie per l\u2019eccellenza

L\u2019ecoturismo \ue8 un segmento che presenta forti potenzialit\ue0 per indirizzare l\u2019intero comparto turistico nella direzione della conservazione della natura, della Corporate Social Responsibility e dello sviluppo sostenibile. Per il raggiungimento di tale complessa sfida, \ue8 fondamentale che le organizzazioni impegnate nella filiera ecoturistica sviluppino un approccio sistemico riguardo l\u2019organizzazione, il management e il processo strategico. Per la valutazione dell\u2019efficacia di un sistema ecoturistico, \ue8 essenziale sviluppare una riflessione sulle varie metodologie per la ricognizione delle esperienze di successo

Visionary networks for Responsible Development

The paper argues that despite most scholars\u2019 support social responsibility (CSR) and stakeholder rights are central to organizational strategy still, the companies\u2019 socially responsible activities around the globe continue to fall short. In a globally integrated world this behavior produces a gradual weakening of social, ecological and economic systems. This weakness is particularly felt in the field of environmental sustainability where a more appropriate framework is one of Responsible Development. The authors argue that a broader, more integrated and systemic framework focused on \u201cresponsible development\u201d networks may be a more effective and desired pathway in the field of environmental sustainability. The current CSR framework has yet to systemically integrate values, mission and vision into the inter-organizational relationships framework. The authors provide some relevant examples of organizational networks (non-profit, public and private) that have achieved responsible development using a network model in which their actions become catalytic. The authors additionally provide a set of benchmarked \u201cresponsible networks\u201d that have enabled these actors to achieve a remarkable level of values congruence, purpose and mission convergence and shared vision coherence. The paper ends with recommendations for future research on the role of organizational values, mission, and visions in network effectiveness

Envisioning for sustainable development. A cross- country experience

The research is aimed at identifying and testing a methodology and a practical instrument that can guide a process for a shared strategic vision, through an organization or network. The resulted vision can have positive effects on knowledge-management and value-creation capabilities, also in a perspective of sustainability and within SMART development paths. The chosen methodology is of a mixed qualitative/quantitative type, since it is suitable for collecting data and information about a network or a community on objectives and future perspectives within a group of reference organizations. Vision sharing, implementation of the envisioning process, and its subsequent evolution was also studied via ethnographic research instruments. The adopted and tested methodology highlights the importance of the role of a scientific methodology in envisioning processes, in particular at the inter- organizational level and, more importantly, in a highly complex sector such as sustainable development. In fact, preparing a model of the envisioning process itself can represent an essential instrument for developing strategic objectives shared among networks or communities that intend to promote sustainable, responsible, and integrated development thanks to the simultaneous creation of valu

Latent ties identification in inter-firms social networks

Social networks are usually analyzed through manifest variables. However there are social latent aspects that strongly qualify the networks. This paper aims to propose a statistical methodology to identify latent variable in inter-firm social networks. A multidimensional scaling technique is proposed to measure this latent variable as a combination of an appropriate set of two or more manifest relational aspects. This method, tested on an inter-firm social network in theMarche region, is a new way to grasp social aspect with quantitative tools that could be implemented under several different conditions, using also other variable

Cholinergic imaging in dementia spectrum disorders

The multifaceted nature of the pathology of dementia spectrum disorders has complicated their management and the development of effective treatments. This is despite the fact that they are far from uncommon, with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) alone affecting 35 million people worldwide. The cholinergic system has been found to be crucially involved in cognitive function, with cholinergic dysfunction playing a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of dementia. The use of molecular imaging such as SPECT and PET for tagging targets within the cholinergic system has shown promise for elucidating key aspects of underlying pathology in dementia spectrum disorders, including AD or parkinsonian dementias. SPECT and PET studies using selective radioligands for cholinergic markers, such as [(11)C]MP4A and [(11)C]PMP PET for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), [(123)I]5IA SPECT for the α(4)β(2) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and [(123)I]IBVM SPECT for the vesicular acetylcholine transporter, have been developed in an attempt to clarify those aspects of the diseases that remain unclear. This has led to a variety of findings, such as cortical AChE being significantly reduced in Parkinson’s disease (PD), PD with dementia (PDD) and AD, as well as correlating with certain aspects of cognitive function such as attention and working memory. Thalamic AChE is significantly reduced in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy, whilst it is not affected in PD. Some of these findings have brought about suggestions for the improvement of clinical practice, such as the use of a thalamic/cortical AChE ratio to differentiate between PD and PSP, two diseases that could overlap in terms of initial clinical presentation. Here, we review the findings from molecular imaging studies that have investigated the role of the cholinergic system in dementia spectrum disorders

Acoustic Emission Monitoring of the Syracuse Athena Temple: Scale Invariance in the Timing of Ruptures

We perform a comparative statistical analysis between the acoustic-emission time series from the ancient Greek Athena temple in Syracuse and the sequence of nearby earthquakes. We find an apparent association between acoustic-emission bursts and the earthquake occurrence. The waiting-time distributions for acoustic-emission and earthquake time series are described by a unique scaling law indicating self-similarity over a wide range of magnitude scales. This evidence suggests a correlation between the aging process of the temple and the local seismic activit