Diagnoza stanu przeobrazenia odwodnionego torfowiska w zakresie mineralizacji azotu

The laboratory analyses and vegetation experiments (in pots) with the cocks foot cultivation constituted an attempt of determination of relationship between the transformation state of mucks and peats (from different sites) and their productivity and susceptibility to the carbon and organic nitrogen mineralization. Mucks and peats from different sites differed distinctly with the decomposition degree and the content of humus, lignin and nitrogen fractions, the C: N ratio and other geobotanical traits. The productivity of mucks and peats (measured by the cocksfoot yields) was the highest in formations with weak and medium decomposition degree. The cocksfoot d.m. yields depended on site, soil kind (muck, peat) and nitrogen fertilization. The carbon mineralization during the soil incubation ran by 40-70% intensiver in mucks than peats being the highest in weakly and medium transformed soils. An addition of organic matter (cocksfoot roots) led to an intensification of carbon mineralization in mucks and to weakening of this mineralization in peats. The organic nitrogen mineralization ran 2-3 fold intensiver in mucks than peats, being the strongest in medium transformed and the weakest in strongly transformed mucks. An addition of organic matter to mucks led mostly to lowering and this addition to peats to intensifying the organic nitrogen mineralization in the course of incubation of soil samples.Badania dotyczyły zależności między stanem przeobrażenia, murszów i torfów a ich urodzajnością, określaną plonowaniem kupkówki pospolitej oraz podatnością na mineralizację organicznych połączeń węgla i azotu. Wyniki badań wykazały, że plonowanie kupkówki na murszach i torfach było najwyższe na utworach o słabym i średnim stopniu przeobrażenia i rozkładu. Mineralizacja węgla organicznego ( w czasie inkubacji gleb) przebiegała w murszach z intensywnością o 40-70 % większą niż w torfach, przy czym najwyższa była w murszach słabo i średnio przeobrażonych. Mineralizacja azotu organicznego odbywała się również 2-3 krotnie szybciej w murszach niż w torfach, najszybciej jednak w murszach średnio przeobrażonych, najsłabiej w silnie przeobrażonych

Badanie właściwości termomechanicznych ferromagnetycznego stopu z pamięcią kształtu NiFeGa w procesie pseudosprężystego ściskania

In the study stress-induced reversible phase transformation in NiFeGa magnetically controlled shape memory alloy subjected to pseudoelastic compression test was investigated. The specimen's mechanical characteristics and temperature changes related to the exothermic martensite transformation and endothermic reverse transformation were measured in contact-less way by using a fast and sensitive infrared camera (IR). It was found that the stress-induced phase transformation process occurs in this alloy in heterogeneous way, since the observed specimen's temperature distribution was not uniform. Stress-strain curves obtained for the first, as well as for the subsequent six loading-unloading compression cycles and their related temperature changes, elaborated as average from the specimen's surface, were analyzed. It was concluded that the stress and the temperature changes developing in the subsequent cycles depend on the applied test conditions, however the highest discrepancies were observed between the first and the second cycles of the compression loading.W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań zmian parametrów mechanicznych oraz temperatury stopu Ni54Fe19Ga27, wykazującego magnetyczną pamięć kształtu. Próbki stopu poddawano procesowi pseudosprężystego ściskania. Temperaturę mierzono za pomocą szybkiej kamery termowizyjnej. Stwierdzono, że indukowana naprężeniem przemiana fazowa zachodzi w tym stopie w sposób niejednorodny, a przebieg charakterystyk mechanicznych i zmian temperatury w kolejnych cyklach obciążania i odciążania prówbki zależy od zastosowanej metodyki badawczej

REFLECT – Research flight of EURADOS and CRREAT: Intercomparison of various radiation dosimeters onboard aircraft

Aircraft crew are one of the groups of radiation workers which receive the highest annual exposure to ionizing radiation. Validation of computer codes used routinely for calculation of the exposure due to cosmic radiation and the observation of nonpredictable changes in the level of the exposure due to solar energetic particles, requires continuous measurements onboard aircraft. Appropriate calibration of suitable instruments is crucial, however, for the very complex atmospheric radiation field there is no single reference field covering all particles and energies involved. Further intercomparisons of measurements of different instruments under real flight conditions are therefore indispensable. In November 2017, the REFLECT (REsearch FLight of EURADOS and CRREAT) was carried out. With a payload comprising more than 20 different instruments, REFLECT represents the largest campaign of this type ever performed. The instruments flown included those already proven for routine dosimetry onboard aircraft such as the Liulin Si-diode spectrometer and tissue equivalent proportional counters, as well as newly developed detectors and instruments with the potential to be used for onboard aircraft measurements in the future. This flight enabled acquisition of dosimetric data under well-defined conditions onboard aircraft and comparison of new instruments with those routinely used. As expected, dosimeters routinely used for onboard aircraft dosimetry and for verification of calculated doses such as a tissue equivalent proportional counter or a silicon detector device like Liulin agreed reasonable with each other as well as with model calculations. Conventional neutron rem counters underestimated neutron ambient dose equivalent, while extended-range neutron rem counters provided results comparable to routinely used instruments. Although the responses of some instruments, not primarily intended for the use in a very complex mixed radiation field such as onboard aircraft, were as somehow expected to be different, the verification of their suitability was one of the objectives of the REFLECT. This campaign comprised a single short flight. For further testing of instruments, additional flights as well as comparison at appropriate reference fields are envisaged. The REFLECT provided valuable experience and feedback for validation of calculated aviation doses