Antioksidativni učinci N-acetilcisteina, lipoične kiseline, taurina i kurkumina u mišićnom tkivu šarana (Cyprinus carpio L.) tretiranih kadmijem

We investigated the muscle tissue of a teleost Cyprinus carpio L. to find out whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC), alpha-lipoic acid (LA), taurine (TAU), and curcumin (CUR) were able to counteract oxidative stress induced by acute exposure to cadmium (Cd). The muscle tissue was dissected 96 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of Cd (5 mg kg-1) and of antioxidant substances (50 mg kg-1). Using spectrophotometry, we determined the glutathione redox status, lipid peroxidation levels and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione disulphide reductase (GR). Accumulation of Cd in the muscle was analysed using inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). All substances lowered Cd levels in the following order of effi ciency; LA=NAC>TAU=CUR. Cadmium increased SOD activity, but CAT activity declined, regardless of antioxidant treatment. Treatment with CUR induced GPx activity. Treatment with TAU lowered Cd due to higher total glutathione (tGSH). The most effective substances on lipid peroxidation were LA and NAC due to a greater Cd-lowering potential. It seems that the protective role of TAU, LA, and NAC is not necessarily associated with antioxidant enzymes, but rather with their own activity.Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi mogu li N-acetilcistein (NAC), α-lipoična kiselina (LA), taurin (TAU) i kurkumin (CUR) svojim antioksidativnim djelovanjem smanjiti razinu oksidativnog stresa u mišićnom tkivu šarana (Cyprinus carpio L.) akutno otrovanih kadmijem. Uzorci mišićnog tkiva skupljeni su 96 h nakon što su ribama intraperitonealno injicirani kadmij (5 mg kg-1) i ispitivani antioksidansi (50 mg kg-1). Primjenom spektrofotometrijskih metoda izmjereni su redoks status glutationa, razine lipidne peroksidacije te aktivnosti enzima superoksid dismutaze (SOD), katalaze (CAT), glutation peroksidaze (GPx) i glutation disulfi d reduktaze (GR). Maseni udio kadmija u mišićnom tkivu izmjeren je s pomoću metode induktivno spregnute plazme – optičke emisijske spektrometrije (ICP-OES). Ispitivani spojevi smanjili su nakupljanje kadmija u tkivu šarana sljedećim redoslijedom: LA=NAC>TAU=CUR. Tretman šarana kadmijem izazvao je porast aktivnosti SOD, ali se aktivnost CAT smanjila bez obzira na primjenu antioksidativnih spojeva. Dodatak CUR pojačao je aktivnost GPx. Dodatak TAU povećao je razinu ukupnoga glutationa te smanjio nakupljanje kadmija. Svi spojevi osim CUR smanjili su razinu lipidne peroksidacije te pretpostavljamo da su LA i NAC pridonijeli detoksifi kaciji kadmija. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na to da testirani spojevi, osim CUR, imaju antioksidativni učina

Seasonal variation in copper, zinc, chromium, lead and cadmium levels in hepatopancreas, gill and muscle tissues of the mussel Brachidontes pharaonis Fischer, collected along the Mersin coast, Turkey

PubMedID: 17657395Levels of copper, zinc, cadmium, chromium and lead were determined in the gill, hepatopancreas and muscle tissues of Brachidontes pharaonis collected from the Mersin coasts of Turkey. Water and animal samples were collected monthly from the four stations between June 2002 and May 2003 for metal determinations. Metal levels in water samples of Mersin coasts were higher than those measured in other parts of Turkish coasts. Levels of metals in soft tissues of B. pharaonis showed an increase towards autumn and winter months which exceeded the levels that are recommended by Turkish Standart Institute's food codex. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Liver tissue trace element levels in HepB patients and the relationship of these elements with histological injury in the liver and with clinical parameters

PubMedID: 29173486Aim In this study, the relationship of liver tissue trace element concentrations with hepatitis B disease and the effects of several environmental factors were analysed. Method The liver tissue concentrations of Al, Fe, Cd, Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Ag, and Co were evaluated in 92 patients with hepatitis B using the Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS) method in the analyses. The patients were divided into the following two groups: low-high Ishak histologic activity index (HAI) (0–6: Low Histologic Activity, 7–18: High Histologic Activity) and low-high fibrosis (FS) (Fibrosis 1,1,2 and Fibrosis 3,4,5,6). The metal levels were compared between the groups. Results The Cd concentration was found to be statistically higher in the group with low HAI scores (p = 0.019). The hepatic Cu concentration was found to be higher in women than in men (p = 0.046). The hepatic Fe concentration was found to be higher in the group with increased FS compared to the group with decreased FS (p = 0.033). Cd was found to be higher in patients who worked in positions involving exposure to heavy metals and in individuals with an ALT level above 40 IU/L (p = 0.008). Several correlations have been found between the hepatic tissue metal levels in our study. In a linear regression analysis, Fe and Zn were found to be correlated with the fibrosis scores (p = < 0.001 and p = 0.029), and Cu was correlated with HAI (p = 0.023). In the linear regression model, Ni (p = 0.018) and Cr (p = 0.011) were correlated with gender. There was a correlation between the hepatic Fe level and the location where hepatitis B patients were living (village/city) (p = 0.001), frequency of fish consumption (p = 0.045) and smoking (p = 0.018) according to the linear regression analysis. Using a logistic regression analysis, Cr (p = 0.029), Ni (p = 0.031) and Pb (p = 0.027) were found to be correlated with smoking habit, and Zn (p = 0.010), Ag (p = 0.026), Cd (p = 0.007) and Al (p = 0.005) were correlated with fish consumption. Conclusion The liver tissue trace element levels are correlated with disease activity and histologic damage in patients with HepB disease. Additionally, smoking, the environment in which the patient works and the amount of fish consumption affect the accumulation of trace elements in the liver. © 2017 Elsevier Gmb

Effects of copper and lead on some hematological parameters of Oreochromis niloticus

Effects of sub-lethal concentrations of copper and lead on hematocrit and mean cell volume (MCV) levels and on erythrocyte numbers, erythrocyte and erythrocyte nucleus areas were determined after exposing Oreochromis niloticus to 4 ppm Cu and 0.2 ppm Pb over 7, 15 and 30 days. Micro-hematocrit methods were adopted in determining hematocrit levels and microscopic methods were used to determine MCV, erythrocyte numbers, erythrocyte and erythrocyte nucleus areas. Hematocrit and MCV levels and erythrocyte and nucleus areas increased significantly (P<0.05), whereas the erythrocyte numbers decreased under the effect of both metals at the exposure periods tested, except at 30 days of copper exposure. There was an increase in MCV levels under the effect of lead and an increase in erythrocyte and nucleus areas under the effect of both metals with increasing exposure periods. Prolonged exposure periods decreased other hematological parameters studied. Hematological parameters studied were higher in fish exposed to lead compared to copper during the experiments, except the erythrocyte area. It was concluded that both copper and lead caused significant changes in hematological parameters of O. niloticus which, in turn, affected the physiological conditions of fish

Effects of zinc and cadmium on condition factor, hepatosomatic and gonadosomatic index of Oreochromis niloticus

Effects of Zn and Cd on condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic (HIS) and gonadosomatic (GSI) of Oreochromis niloticus, after exposing the animals to 10 % of their LC50 values, namely 6.0 ppm Zn and 1.6 ppm Cd, over 7, 15, and 30 days. Standard mathematical formulations were used in determining the mentioned parameters. Cadmium, which is atoxic metal, increased GSI and decreased HSI and CF at the beginning of the experiments. The decrease in HSI and CF continued with increasing exposure periods. Zinc, however, decreased all three parameters compared with control at the end of experiments (P&lt;0.05). Changes in CF, GSI and HIS might reflect metabolic and physiologic disturbances under the effect of metals. © by PSP

Effects of cadmium on sera glucose and cortisol levels in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

The effects of cadmium on sera glucose and cortisol levels of Clarias gariepinus was studied after exposing the animals to 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 ppm Cd over 30 days. An autoanalyser was used in determining sera parameters. Sera glucose levels showed no significant difference between the control and 0.25 and 0.50 ppm Cd exposed fish whereas 1.00 ppm cadmium decreased sera glucose significantly (p<0.05). An inverse relationship was found in sera cortisol levels which showed significant increase at 0.25 and 0.50 ppm Cd compared with the control fish (p<0.05). © Medwell Journals, 2010

Accumulation of copper in liver, gill and muscle tissues of Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758)

Accumulation of copper in liver, gill and muscle tissues of Anguilla anguilla was studied after exposing the animals to 1.00, 2.00 and 4.00 ppm Cu over 96 h period. The levels of metals in the studied tissues were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometric techniques. All the copper concentrations tested increased the tissue levels of the metal significantly in liver and gill tissues compared to control fish while metal accumulation in muscle tissue was statistically significant only at 4.00 ppm Cu. Accumulation of the metal in gill tissue showed no difference between the concentrations tested despite the differences observed in liver and muscle tissues. Accumulation of the metal was highest in liver tissue and lowest in muscle tissue. © Medwell Journals, 2010

Accumulation and effect of chromium on protein and glycogen levels of Palaemonetes pugio

Total metal accumulation and the levels of total protein and glycogen were measured in Palaemonetes pugio after exposing the animals to 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 ppm concentrations of chromium over 1, 7 and 15 days. Metal accumulation in tisuues was measured using atomic absorbtion spectrophotometric techniques and the levels of total protein and glycogen were determined Lowry and Anthron methods, respectively. No mortality was observed under the effect of chromium at any concentrations and exposure periods tested. Total metal accumulation increased with increasing concentrations of chromium at given exposure period while total protein and glycogen levels showed a decrease on day 15th compared with day 1. © Medwell Journals, 2012

Heavy metal levels in five species of fish caught from Mersin Gulf

The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of cadmium, copper, zinc and chromium in the liver, gill and muscle tissues of some pelagic, benthopelagic and benthic fish species caught from Mersin Gulf and sold at Karaduvar Harbor. Pelagic species Sardinella aurita (Clupeidae), Liza ramado (Mugilidae), benthopelagic species Diplodus annularis (Sparidae) and benthic species Solea lutea (Soleidae) and Umbrina cirrosa (Sciaenidae) were selected as the study material. Atomic absorption spectrophotometric methods were applied in determining the tissue levels of metals. Metal levels showed tissue-dependent changes in the species studied. Pb and Cr levels were below detection limit; hence no comparison was made among the tissues. Cd, Cu and Zn levels were highest in the liver tissues and lowest in the muscle tissues of the species studied, except S. aurata. Gill Zn and Cd levels exceeded the liver and muscle levels in this species. Metal levels were higher in pelagic species compared with benthic ones. © by PSP

Accumulation of chromium in hepatopancreas, gill and muscle tissues of callinectes sapidus

Accumulation of chromium (VI) in hepatopancreas, gill and muscle tissues of Callinectes sapidus was studied after exposing the animals to 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 ppm chromium (IV) over 96 hours. Tissue levels of the metal were determined using Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometric (AAS) methods. No mortality was observed in any concentration of chromium after 96 hours of exposure. Accumulation of chromium in hepatopancreas and gill tissues increased with increasing concentrations of the metal, whereas muscle accumulation was below detection limits of AAS at the concentrations tested. The following relationship was found among the tissues in accumulating chromium; Gill > Hepatopancreas > Muscle © by PSP