5,059 research outputs found
Emergent Cosmos in Einstein-Cartan Theory
Based on the Padmanabhan's proposal, the accelerated expansion of the
universe can be driven by the difference between the surface and bulk degrees
of freedom in a region of space, described by the relation
where and are the
degrees of freedom assigned to the surface area and the matter-energy content
inside the bulk such that the indexes and represent
energy-momentum and dark energy, respectively. In the present work, the
dynamical effect of the Weyssenhoff perfect fluid with intrinsic spin and its
corresponding spin degrees of freedom in the framework of Einstein-Cartan (EC)
theory are investigated. Based on the modification of Friedmann equations due
to the spin-spin interactions, a correction term for the Padmanabhan's original
relation including the number of degrees of
freedom related to this spin interactions is obtained through the modification
in term as leading to in which is the corresponding
degrees of freedom related to the intrinsic spin of the matter content of the
universe. Moreover, the validity of the unified first law and the generalized
second law of thermodynamics for the Einstein-Cartan cosmos are investigated.
Finally, by considering the covariant entropy conjecture and the bound
resulting from the emergent scenario, a total entropy bound is obtained. Using
this bound, it is shown that the for the universe as an expanding
thermodynamical system, the total effective Komar energy never exceeds the
square of the expansion rate with a factor of .Comment: 12 Pages, Accepted for Publication in Eur. Phys. J.
Complications leading to hospitalization due to consumption of anti-TB drugs in patients with tuberculosis in Gorgan, Iran (2007-12)
Background and Objective: Anti tuberculosis drugs therapy is the most effective method for controling
the tuberculosis (TB). Early detection and appropriate treatment can prevent the TB-drug resistance. This
study was carried out to determine the complications leading to hospitalization due to consumption of
anti-TB drugs in patients with tuberculosis.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 1550 records of patients with TB in urban and rural health
centers of Gorgan, north of Iran were assessed during 2007-12. Checklist consists of demographic and
clinical data for each patient was recorded in a questionare.
Results: 44 cases experienced the complications of anti-TB drugs. 27 (61.4%) of cases with
complications were women. 77.3% and 22.7% of patients affected with pulmonary and extra pulmonary
tuberculosis,respectively. 38.6% of patients were diabetic. The hepatic complication was seen in 37 cases
(84.1%). Skin and other complications were seen in 5 and 2 cases, respectively. There was not any
relationship between drug complications and other disases.
Conclusion: Hepatic damage is the most common complication leading to hospitalization in tuberculosis
patients using anti-TB drugs.
Keywords: Tuberculosis, Anti-TB drug, Live
PEG-grafted Hyperbranched Polyethyleneimine-Oxidized Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Complex (PEG-PEI-SWNT) for Sustained Delivery of Doxorubicin
To take advantages of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for cellular delivery of chemotherapeutic
agents (e.g. doxorubicin) in order to decrease doxorubicin toxicity and increase its efficacy, we aimed to
develop a novel approach to aqueous disperse and stabilize SWNTs through consequent steps of oxidation
(oxSWNT) and PEG-PEI complexation (PEG-PEI-SWNT). Doxorubicin was loaded onto the modified
SWNTs in alkalione pH with more considerable capacity ( 900 %) than those previously reported, due to
complex formation with PEI proved by UV-visible spectroscopy. The loaded carrier was stable in physiologic
simulated medium. Drug release was prolonged and dilution independent, but exhibited pH-dependent
burst release that makes SWNTs as suitable in vivo drug carriers in acidic tumor milieu.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3492
Effect of pH on Solubilisation of Practically Insoluble Sorafenib by Classic and Stealth Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) Dendrimers and -cyclodextrin
This study is the first report of the solubilization of sorafenib (SFB), a water insoluble drug, by polyamidoamine
(PAMAM) dendrimers and -cyclodextrin ( -CD). For this study whole generations (G4 and G5)
of PAMAM dendrimers have been used. The aqueous solubility of sorafenib was measured in the presence
of dendrimers and -cyclodextin at 30 ◦ C at pH 4, 7.4, and 10 using the Higuchi rotating bottle method.
The amount of solubilized SFB was measured by HPLC-UV method. FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy were
used to confirm complexation. From the phase solubility studies, it was found that PAMAM dendrimers increased
SFB solubility most in pH 4. The maximum solubilizing effect was for G4 PAMAM dendrimers at
pH 4 up to 36 folds. -CD did not or slightly increased the solubility of SFB.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3494
The effect of environmental index on mental health in nurses working in emergency and non emergency wards in Khorramabad hospitals
زمینه و هدف : یکی از دغدغه های ذهنی جوامع امروزی ، تامین سلامت و بهداشت روانی افراد به خصوص پرستاران است . پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین عوامل مرتبط با شاخص های محیط کار بر سلامت روان پرستاران شاغل در بیمارستان های شهر خرم آباد انجام گرفته است. روش بررسی: این یک مطالعه مقطعی است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کلیه پرستاران در بیمارستان مذکور که شامل 433 نفر و نمونه آماری شامل 207 نفر از پرستاران دو بخش بودند که در بیمارستان عشایر با روش نمونه گیری در دسترس و در بیمارستان تامین اجتماعی با روش سرشماری انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات عبارت بودند از : پرسشنامه اطلاعات جمعیت شناختی، پرسشنامه سلامت عمومی GHQ و نمره بندی تنش های محیط کار WES که پایایی و روایی آنها تایید شده است. برای آزمودن فرضیات از آزمون t مستقل ، تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه و ضریب همبستگی استفاده گردید. یافته ها : در تحقیق حاضر 119 زن و 88 مرد مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند که 43.30 درصد پرستاران در بخش اورژانس و 57/69 درصد در سایر بخش ها مشغول به کار بودند. نتایج آزمون t مستقل نشان داد که تفاوت معناداری بین میانگین نمرات سلامت روان در پرستاران بخش اورژانس (71.14±19.29) در مقایسه با پرستاران سایر بخش ها (48.13±13.30) وجود ندارد (0.654=p). نتیجه گیری : ﭼﻨﺎن ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ مطالعه ﺣﺎﺿﺮ نشان می دهد ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﻏﻼن در ﺑﺨﺶ اورژاﻧﺲ ﺗﺮوﻣﺎی ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮی را ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ی ﺣﻮادث ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ﺑﺮای ﺧﻮد و ﻫﻤﻜﺎرانشان تجربه کرده اند، تفاوت معنی داری بین اختلالات مرتبط با سلامت روان ناشی از فشار عصبی و روانی محیط کار در پرستاران بخش های اورژانس و غیر اورژانس در ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن ﻳﺎﻓﺖ نشد
Incentive Design to Enhance the Reach of Weight Loss Program
This study employed stated-preference methods to elicit individuals’ program participation preference towards different financial incentive attributes. The results of this study show promise for the use of carefully designed incentive programs to raise participation in weight loss programs. Results show that a fungible payment form is important for the incentive to be effective in reach (i.e., cash and grocery gift-cards are preferred over gym passes and waivers of insurance co-payments). Furthermore, immediate payment is preferred over delayed payment.Financial Incentives, Program Reach, Random Parameter Logit, Health Economics and Policy, F10, F13,
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