In silico EST-SSRs Analysis in UniGene of Quercus robur L.

Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is one of the most important tree componentsof Europe’s forest ecosystems, possessing both ecological and economical value. Development of genomic resources, such as genetic markers, is needed to support geneconservation and tree improvement activities. Experimental methods to develop SSR markers are laborious, time consuming and expensive, while in silico approaches havebecome a practicable and inexpensive alternative in genetic studies. The aim of this studywas to characterize simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers and functional annotationof SSR containing sequences in Q. robur unigene sequences. 7170 unigene sequences(5147.315 kb) of Q. robur were downloaded from National Center for BiotechnologyInformation (NCBI). A total of 475 (6.62 %) unigene sequences containing 525 SSRs (microsatellites) were identified by using MISA software. The average frequency ofmicrosatellites was found, on average, one in every 9.8 kb of sequence. The analysisrevealed that tri-nucleotide repeats (42.6%) were most abundant followed by dinucleotide(36.9%), hexa-nucleotide (11.8%), penta-nucleotide (4.9%) and tetra-nucleotiderepeats (3.8%), respectively. Flanking sequences of the 525 SSRs generated 500 primers(95.2%) with forward and reverse strands by using Primer3 software. Gene based SSRmarkers can be used for studies of genetic diversity, population genetics, geneticmapping, gene tagging and more. Large numbers of unigenes containing SSRs (77.4%),annotations were available 46.75% of which were predicted, 23.91% were hypothetical,8.83% were putative and 20.51% belonged to other protein types. Only 22.5% sequencecould not assign to any specific protein class

Reducing iron loss in interior PM machines under field-weakening conditions

Field-weakening in interior PM machines is performed by using negative rf-axis current to oppose the magnet flux and hence reduce the total fundamental rf-axis flux at high speeds. Due to the rotor saliency, the rf-axis current produces large amplitude harmonic airgap flux density components which can cause large harmonic stator iron losses. Reducing the magnet flux density reduces the required rf-axis stator mmf to oppose it and hence reduces the field-weakening iron losses. However reducing the magnet flux density also reduces the magnet torque and hence increases the stator current requirement, particularly at lower speeds. This paper examines this trade-off for an automotive integrated starter/alternator using a graphical interior PM machine parameter plane approach.W.L. Soong, S.H. Han, T.M. Jahns and N. Ertugru

BIOLOGY OF SILKWORM (BOMBYX MORI) IN TURKEY

According to oldest records the first time silkworm was cultivated and silk was obtained from cocoonat China. Silkworm eggs and mulberry seeds was brought to Istanbul illegally the year 552 at age of Byzantine Empire although China kept it as a secret. It started to spread Marmara regione specially Bursa and It’s neighbourhood. Then it was spreaded to allover the world. Sericulture have been economical, cultural and traditional cultivating sector at Turkey for 1500 years. Silkworm is cultivated at about 30 countries that include Turkey. Silk fiber is superior to other fibers in terms of stability, flexibility and brightness. Amount of need is approximately twice the amount of cultivating. In whole world Turkish silk fiber quality is at second rank after japanese silk. Silkworm is a general term that includes a range from worm to the butterfly. Silkworm is a kind of night butterflies. Butterflies are light cream colour have chubby bodies and have soft feathers. Wingspan is about 4-5 cm. Butterfly have lost flying ability because of domestication also have 2 or 3 days life and at that period doesn’t feed and doesn’t fly. Silkworm is fed with mulberry leaves. One cocoon is made from a single silk fiber it’s lenght is 800 meters. Real silkworm named “Bombyx Mori L” is bred at mulberry tree which is cultivated at China is white breed. Bombyx Mori L silkworm producesbest silk fiber amoung other genus and it is most special genus cultivated

A microsatellite marker for yellow rust resistance in wheat

Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) was used to identify molecular markers associated with yellow rust disease resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). DNAs isolated from the selected yellow rust tolerant and susceptible F-2 individuals derived from a cross between yellow rust resistant and susceptible wheat genotypes were used to established a "tolerant" and a "susceptible" DNA pool. The BSA was then performed on these DNA pools using 230 markers that were previously mapped onto the individual wheat chromosomes. One of the SSR markers (Xgwm382) located on chromosome group 2 (A, B, D genomes) was present in the resistant parent and the resistant bulk but not in the susceptible parent and the susceptible bulk, suggesting that this marker is linked to a yellow rust resistance gene. The presence of Xgwm382 was also tested in 108 additional wheat genotypes differing in yellow rust resistance. This analysis showed that 81% of the wheat genotypes known to be yellow rust resistant had the Xgwm382 marker, further suggesting that the presence of this marker correlates with yellow rust resistance in diverse wheat germplasm. Therefore, Xgwm382 could be useful for marker assisted selection of yellow rust resistances genotypes in wheat breeding programs

Cyanobacteria of the thermal spring at Pancharevo, Sofia, Bulgaria

Eight taxa of cyanobacteria were identified in the thermal spring at Pancharevo (in the Sofia basin, Bulgaria). As well as the widespread Lyngbya thermalis, Phormidesmis molle (syn. Phormidium molle), Phormidium papyraceum, Phormidium corium and Mastigocladus laminosus, four species were identified for the first time in Bulgaria: Calothrix thermalis, Gloeocapsa gelatinosa, Leibleinia epiphytica and Symploca thermalis

Treatment of two postoperative endophthalmitis cases due to Aspergillus flavus and Scopulariopsis spp. with local and systemic antifungal therapy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Endophthalmitis is the inflammatory response to invasion of the eye with bacteria or fungi. The incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery varies between 0.072–0.13 percent. Treatment of endophthalmitis with fungal etiology is difficult.</p> <p>Case Presentation</p> <p><b>Case 1: </b>A 71-year old male diabetic patient developed postoperative endophthalmitis due to <it>Aspergillus flavus</it>. The patient was treated with topical amphotericin B ophthalmic solution, intravenous (IV) liposomal amphotericin-B and caspofungin following vitrectomy.</p> <p><b>Case 2: </b>A 72-year old male cachectic patient developed postoperative endophthalmitis due to <it>Scopulariopsis </it>spp. The patient was treated with topical and IV voriconazole and caspofungin.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p><it>Aspergillus </it>spp. are responsible of postoperative fungal endophthalmitis. Endophthalmitis caused by <it>Scopulariopsis </it>spp. is a very rare condition. The two cases were successfully treated with local and systemic antifungal therapy.</p

Landscape genomics and biased FST approaches reveal single nucleotide polymorphisms under selection in goat breeds of North-East Mediterranean

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In this study we compare outlier loci detected using a <it>F<smcaps>ST </smcaps></it>based method with those identified by a recently described method based on spatial analysis (SAM). We tested a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously genotyped in individuals of goat breeds of southern areas of the Mediterranean basin (Italy, Greece and Albania). We evaluate how the SAM method performs with SNPs, which are increasingly employed due to their high number, low cost and easy of scoring.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The combined use of the two outlier detection approaches, never tested before using SNP polymorphisms, resulted in the identification of the same three loci involved in milk and meat quality data by using the two methods, while the <it>F<smcaps>ST </smcaps></it>based method identified 3 more loci as under selection sweep in the breeds examined.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Data appear congruent by using the two methods for <it>F<smcaps>ST </smcaps></it>values exceeding the 99% confidence limits. The methods of <it>F<smcaps>ST </smcaps></it>and SAM can independently detect signatures of selection and therefore can reduce the probability of finding false positives if employed together. The outlier loci identified in this study could indicate adaptive variation in the analysed species, characterized by a large range of climatic conditions in the rearing areas and by a history of intense trade, that implies plasticity in adapting to new environments.</p