Hallucinations and Delusions as Low-Quality Attributions: Influencing Factors and Proposal for Their Analysis

Hallucinations and delusions, in keeping with the distress accompanying them, are major features in the diagnosis of psychosis in international classifications. In spite of their human and clinical importance, the concepts are unclear. The distinction between hallucinations and delusions in terms of perception-thought is not precise enough, causing problems in analyzing the patient's words. Nor are the differentiations or variations within each precise enough. Continuing the long clinical tradition discussing the distinction between hallucinations and delusions while assuming their similarities, this study poses a concept integrating the two phenomena as attributions people make about themselves and their settings. Then the elements of any attribution can be used as guides for structuring significant literature on both, and reduce analytical ambiguity. Such attributions make more sense within the structure of two-way relationships with factors in a person's own framework and setting. This structure is described with its variables and relationships as a guide to assessment, follow-up, and intervention. Two checklists are provided for orientation

Corneal relaxation time estimation as a function of tear oxygen tension in human cornea during contact lens wear

[EN] The purpose is to estimate the oxygen diffusion coefficient and the relaxation time of the cornea with respect to the oxygen tension at the cornea-tears interface. Both findings are discussed. From the experimental data provided by Bonanno et al., the oxygen tension measurements in vivo for human cornea-tears-contact lens (CL), the relaxation time of the cornea, and their oxygen diffusion coefficient were obtained by numerical calculation using the Monod-kinetic model. Our results, considering the relaxation time of the cornea, observe a different behavior. At the time less than 8 s, the oxygen diffusivity process is upper-diffusive, and for the relaxation time greater than 8 s, the oxygen diffusivity process is lower-diffusive. Both cases depend on the partial pressure of oxygen at the entrance of the cornea. The oxygen tension distribution in the cornea-tears interface is separated into two different zones: one for conventional hydrogels, which is located between 6 and 75 mmHg, with a relaxation time included between 8 and 19 s, and the other zone for silicone hydrogel CLs, which is located at high oxygen tension, between 95 and 140 mmHg, with a relaxation time in the interval of 1.5-8 s. It is found that in each zone, the diffusion coefficient varies linearly with the oxygen concentration, presenting a discontinuity in the transition of 8 s. This could be interpreted as an aerobic-to-anaerobic transition. We attribute this behavior to the coupling formalism between oxygen diffusion and biochemical reactions to produce adenosine triphosphate.Contract grant sponsor: Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; contract grant number: UNAM-DGAPA-PAPIIT projects IG 100618 and IN-114818 Contract grant sponsor: Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación; contract grant number: ENE/2015-69203-RDel Castillo, LF.; Ramírez-Calderón, JG.; Del Castillo, RM.; Aguilella-Arzo, M.; Compañ Moreno, V. (2020). Corneal relaxation time estimation as a function of tear oxygen tension in human cornea during contact lens wear. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials. 108(1):14-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.34360S14211081Freeman, R. D. (1972). Oxygen consumption by the component layers of the cornea. The Journal of Physiology, 225(1), 15-32. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp009927CHALMERS, R. L., McNALLY, J. J., SCHEIN, O. D., KATZ, J., TIELSCH, J. M., ALFONSO, E., … SHOVLIN, J. (2007). Risk Factors for Corneal Infiltrates with Continuous Wear of Contact Lenses. Optometry and Vision Science, 84(7), 573-579. doi:10.1097/opx.0b013e3180dc9a12Schein, O. D., McNally, J. J., Katz, J., Chalmers, R. L., Tielsch, J. M., Alfonso, E., … Shovlin, J. (2005). The Incidence of Microbial Keratitis among Wearers of a 30-Day Silicone Hydrogel Extended-Wear Contact Lens. Ophthalmology, 112(12), 2172-2179. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.09.014Sweeney, D. F. (2003). Clinical Signs of Hypoxia with High-Dk Soft Lens Extended Wear: Is the Cornea Convinced? Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice, S22-S25. doi:10.1097/00140068-200301001-00007HARVITT, D. M., & BONANNO, J. A. (1999). Re-Evaluation of the Oxygen Diffusion Model for Predicting Minimum Contact Lens Dk/t Values Needed to Avoid Corneal Anoxia. Optometry and Vision Science, 76(10), 712-719. doi:10.1097/00006324-199910000-00023Polse, K. A., & Mandell, R. B. (1970). Critical Oxygen Tension at the Corneal Surface. Archives of Ophthalmology, 84(4), 505-508. doi:10.1001/archopht.1970.00990040507021Giasson, C., & Bonanno, J. A. (1995). Acidification of rabbit corneal endothelium during contact lens wearin vitro. Current Eye Research, 14(4), 311-318. doi:10.3109/02713689509033531Riley, M. V. (1969). Glucose and oxygen utilization by the rabbit cornea. Experimental Eye Research, 8(2), 193-200. doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(69)80031-xFrahm, B., Lane, P., M�rkl, H., & P�rtner, R. (2003). Improvement of a mammalian cell culture process by adaptive, model-based dialysis fed-batch cultivation and suppression of apoptosis. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 26(1), 1-10. doi:10.1007/s00449-003-0335-zCompañ, V., Aguilella-Arzo, M., Del Castillo, L. F., Hernández, S. I., & Gonzalez-Meijome, J. M. (2016). Analysis of the application of the generalized monod kinetics model to describe the human corneal oxygen-consumption rate during soft contact lens wear. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 105(8), 2269-2281. doi:10.1002/jbm.b.33764Bonanno, J. A., Clark, C., Pruitt, J., & Alvord, L. (2009). Tear Oxygen Under Hydrogel and Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses in Humans. Optometry and Vision Science, 86(8), E936-E942. doi:10.1097/opx.0b013e3181b2f582Chhabra, M., Prausnitz, J. M., & Radke, C. J. (2008). Diffusion and Monod kinetics to determine in vivo human corneal oxygen-consumption rate during soft contact-lens wear. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 90B(1), 202-209. doi:10.1002/jbm.b.31274Chhabra, M., Prausnitz, J. M., & Radke, C. J. (2009). Modeling Corneal Metabolism and Oxygen Transport During Contact Lens Wear. Optometry and Vision Science, 86(5), 454-466. doi:10.1097/opx.0b013e31819f9e70Larrea, X., & Bu¨chler, P. (2009). A Transient Diffusion Model of the Cornea for the Assessment of Oxygen Diffusivity and Consumption. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, 50(3), 1076. doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2479Alvord, L. A., Hall, W. J., Keyes, L. D., Morgan, C. F., & Winterton, L. C. (2007). Corneal Oxygen Distribution With Contact Lens Wear. Cornea, 26(6), 654-664. doi:10.1097/ico.0b013e31804f5a22Del Castillo, L. F., da Silva, A. R. F., Hernández, S. I., Aguilella, M., Andrio, A., Mollá, S., & Compañ, V. (2015). Diffusion and Monod kinetics model to determine in vivo human corneal oxygen-consumption rate during soft contact lens wear. Journal of Optometry, 8(1), 12-18. doi:10.1016/j.optom.2014.06.002Chandel, N. S., Budinger, G. R. S., Choe, S. H., & Schumacker, P. T. (1997). Cellular Respiration during Hypoxia. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272(30), 18808-18816. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.30.18808Leung, B. K., Bonanno, J. A., & Radke, C. J. (2011). Oxygen-deficient metabolism and corneal edema. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 30(6), 471-492. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.07.001Chhabra, M., Prausnitz, J. M., & Radke, C. J. (2008). Polarographic Method for Measuring Oxygen Diffusivity and Solubility in Water-Saturated Polymer Films:  Application to Hypertransmissible Soft Contact Lenses. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 47(10), 3540-3550. doi:10.1021/ie071071aCompañ, V., Andrio, A., López-Alemany, A., Riande, E., & Refojo, M. F. (2002). Oxygen permeability of hydrogel contact lenses with organosilicon moieties. Biomaterials, 23(13), 2767-2772. doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00012-1Gonzalez-Meijome, J. M., Compañ-Moreno, V., & Riande, E. (2008). Determination of Oxygen Permeability in Soft Contact Lenses Using a Polarographic Method:  Estimation of Relevant Physiological Parameters. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 47(10), 3619-3629. doi:10.1021/ie071403bCompa�, V., L�pez, M. L., Andrio, A., L�pez-Alemany, A., & Refojo, M. F. (1999). Determination of the oxygen transmissibility and permeability of hydrogel contact lenses. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 72(3), 321-327. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990418)72:33.0.co;2-lGavara, R., & Compañ, V. (2016). Oxygen, water, and sodium chloride transport in soft contact lenses materials. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 105(8), 2218-2231. doi:10.1002/jbm.b.33762Compañ, V., Tiemblo, P., García, F., García, J. M., Guzmán, J., & Riande, E. (2005). A potentiostatic study of oxygen transport through poly(2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate-co-2,3-dihydroxypropylmethacrylate) hydrogel membranes. Biomaterials, 26(18), 3783-3791. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.09.061Wang, J., Fonn, D., Simpson, T. L., & Jones, L. (2003). Precorneal and Pre- and Postlens Tear Film Thickness Measured Indirectly with Optical Coherence Tomography. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, 44(6), 2524. doi:10.1167/iovs.02-0731Nichols, J. J., & King-Smith, P. E. 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HEMIC Project: Design of a Clinical Information Modelling Tool Based on ISO13972 Technical Specification

The Andalusian Health Service is the public healthcare provider for 8.302.923 inhabitants in the South Spain. This organization coordinates primary and specialized care with an IT infrastructure composed by multiple Electronic Health Record Systems. According to the large volume of healthcare professionals involved, there is a need for providing a consistent management of information through multiple locations and systems. The HEMIC project aims to address this need developing and validating a methodology based on a software tool for standardizing information contained within EHR systems. The developed tool has been designed for supporting the participation of healthcare professionals the establishment of mechanisms for information governance. This research presents the requirements and designs for of a software tool focused on the adoption of recognized best practice in clinical information modeling. The designed tool has a Service Oriented Architecture that will be able to integrate terminology servers and repositories of clinical information models as part of the modeling process. Moreover, the defined tool organizes clinicians, IT developers and terminology experts involved in the modeling process in three levels to promote their coordination in the definition, specialization and validation of clinical information models. In order to ensure the quality of the developed clinical information models, the defined tool is based on the requirements defined in the ISO13972 Technical Specification

Desiderata for digital consent in genomic research

Herein, we describe the characterization of a Digital Consent (DC) System to support current ethical-legal issues associated with challenges posed by informed consent for genomic research. A potential solution to support ongoing interaction with patients and allow control over how their data and samples are being used in genomic research can be Digital Consent based. But there are other challenges that need to be addressed, such as incidental findings when analyzing the results of genomic tests (not expected). This paper addresses security and privacy recommendations for the development of precision medicine, and the interoperability references of Health Information Standardization Organizations such as HL7 and IHE, as well as recent research in the field of ethics in Genomic Medicine. As a result of this work, ten key features that need to be further explored have been identified in order to support the realization of DC in Genomic Research

Imaginarios sociales de donantes voluntarios de sangre en un punto fijo de recolección. Bogotá - Colombia.

La donación voluntaria de sangre es un reto para los Bancos de Sangre; se pretende incrementar la recolección de componentes sanguíneos a partir de conocer los Imaginarios frente al proces

Cohort Profile: The epidemiology of chronic diseases and multimorbidity. The EpiChron cohort study

Why was the cohort set up? Greater life expectancy in Europe over the past few decades has been translated into an increasing burden of chronic diseases that accumulate as the population ages, whereas acute infectious diseases have been progressively pushed into the background. The incidence of conditions such as hypertension, obesity and asthma has increased dramatically worldwide, and cancer, diabetes and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases are responsible for almost 70% of global deaths. Concurrently, the prevalence of multimorbidity (as of people affected by more than one chronic disorder) is also increasing and appears as the most common chronic condition at present. Multimorbidity affects almost 3 in 4 individuals aged 65 years and older, although it represents a problem not only for the elderly but also for adult and even young populations, at whom prevention strategies should aim. People affected by multimorbidity often experience fragmentation of care, greater and inadequate use of health services and polypharmacy, which in turn may increase the risk of low adherence and adverse drug reactions. All of this leads to individuals’ quality of life deterioration and higher risk of mortality. Besides, handling patients with multimorbidity represents a daily challenge for physicians and health systems..

Use of Schizosaccharomyces strains for wine fermentation? Effect on the wine composition and food safety

Schizosaccharomyceswas initially considered as a spoilage yeast because of the production of undesirable metabolites such as acetic acid, hydrogen sulfide, or acetaldehyde, but it currently seems to be of great value in enology.o ced Nevertheless, Schizosaccharomyces can reduce all of the malic acid in must, leading to malolactic fermentation. Malolactic fermentation is a highly complicated process in enology and leads to a higher concentration of biogenic amines, so the use of Schizosaccharomyces pombe can be an excellent tool for assuring wine safety. Schizosaccharomyces also has much more potential than only reducing the malic acid content, such as increasing the level of pyruvic acid and thus the vinylphenolic pyranoanthocyanin content. Until now, few commercial strains have been available and little research on the selection of appropriate yeast strains with such potential has been conducted. In this study, selected and wild Sc. pombe strains were used along with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain to ferment red grape must. The results showed significant differences in several parameters including non-volatile and volatile compounds, anthocyanins, biogenic amines and sensory parameters

Perspectivas de la empresa y la economía mexicana frente a la reestructuración productiva

1 archivo PDF (404 páginas)Este texto se presenta una reflexión de investigadores de la UAM, así como de otras Instituciones de Educación Superior respecto al marco en el que se han desenvuelto las empresas mexicanas en los últimos años, así como del desarrollo en algunos de sus sistemas organizacionales. PALABRAS CLAVE: Mexico Economic policy 1970-1994

Costs and benefits of automation for astronomical facilities

The Observatorio Astrof\'isico de Javalambre (OAJ{\dag}1) in Spain is a young astronomical facility, conceived and developed from the beginning as a fully automated observatory with the main goal of optimizing the processes in the scientific and general operation of the Observatory. The OAJ has been particularly conceived for carrying out large sky surveys with two unprecedented telescopes of unusually large fields of view (FoV): the JST/T250, a 2.55m telescope of 3deg field of view, and the JAST/T80, an 83cm telescope of 2deg field of view. The most immediate objective of the two telescopes for the next years is carrying out two unique photometric surveys of several thousands square degrees, J-PAS{\dag}2 and J-PLUS{\dag}3, each of them with a wide range of scientific applications, like e.g. large structure cosmology and Dark Energy, galaxy evolution, supernovae, Milky Way structure, exoplanets, among many others. To do that, JST and JAST are equipped with panoramic cameras under development within the J-PAS collaboration, JPCam and T80Cam respectively, which make use of large format (~ 10k x 10k) CCDs covering the entire focal plane. This paper describes in detail, from operations point of view, a comparison between the detailed cost of the global automation of the Observatory and the standard automation cost for astronomical facilities, in reference to the total investment and highlighting all benefits obtained from this approach and difficulties encountered. The paper also describes the engineering development of the overall facilities and infrastructures for the fully automated observatory and a global overview of current status, pinpointing lessons learned in order to boost observatory operations performance, achieving scientific targets, maintaining quality requirements, but also minimizing operation cost and human resources.Comment: Global Observatory Control System GOC