10 research outputs found
Relay crops: a source of nutritional forage
Spring relay crops can provide complementary forage, especially during periods when traditional forage is lacking. However, little is known about their nutritional value. The Arvalis Plant Institute and INRA each carried out a study on the nutritional qualities of several intercrop species. They found that fresh forage harvested at the vegetative stage was highly nutritional (containing as much as 1.13 French feed units for lactation, 158 g of metabolisable protein [PDIE], and 225 g of rumen degradable protein [PDIN] per kg DM). Silage can be made despite the forageâs low dry matter content and high buffering capacity (Agroscope study). In Wallonia, the quality of intercrop silage is good (0.76 French feed units for lactation, 102 g of metabolisable protein [PDIE], 81 g of rumen degradable protein [PDIN] per kg DM). Many of the study species contained secondary compounds, which can improve livestock health and livestock product quality. They can also reduce negative environmental impacts
Effects of ensiling maize and sample conditioning on in situ rumen degradation of dry matter, starch and fibre
International audienceHigh-production ruminants are commonly fed maize silage, which makes accurate evaluation of its nutritive value a key economic issue. However, evaluations of the rate and extent of ruminal degradation of starch and cell wall fractions from maize silage carry uncertainty due to the lack of a standardized method. Here, we investigated the effects of ensiling and sample conditioning on in situ-measured degradation of maize forage. Eight series of maize samples (two hybridsâ
Ăâ
two maturity stagesâ
Ăâ
two methods of conservation [non-ensiled or fresh and ensiled]) were nylon-bagged in three conditionings: dried and ground to 1â
mm (D1), dried and ground to 4â
mm (D4), frozen and coarse-ground (FG). Disappearance of dry matter (DM), starch and fibre (aNDF) was measured in situ in cow rumen after different incubation times (2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 96â
h). Effects of ensiling, sample conditioning, genotype, maturity and their interactions on DM, starch and aNDF degradation were analyzed using the SAS MIXED procedure. Effective dry matter degradability (ED4DM) was significantly higher (P<0.001) in silage than in fresh maize due to a significantly higher rapidly degradable fraction (a) (P<0.001). Effective starch degradability (ED6Starch) followed the same trend due to a higher silage degradation rate (P<0.01). Conversely, effective aNDF degradability (ED2aNDF) was lower in silage (P<0.001) than fresh maize due to the longer lag-time to degradation (P<0.001) and lower hemicellulose ((aNDFâ
ââ
ADF)/aNDF) fraction in silage. Effective DM degradability was higher (P<0.001) for D1 samples than D4 and FG samples, mainly due to the higher rapidly degradable fraction (a) (P<0.001) in D1 than D4 or FG samples. In relation to high degradation rate, starch degradability was significantly higher (P<0.001) in FG than D1 and D4 samples, whereas aNDF degradation was lowest in the FG samples. This study shows that ensiling maize increases starch degradability and decreases aNDF degradability compared to fresh plant. Alongside conservation method, fine-grinding samples (as D1) led to high losses through the pores of the nylon bags, and these losses were correlated with high starch degradability, whereas coarse grinding (as FG) led to low aNDF degradability, probably due to insufficiently reduced particle sizes. In conclusion, using ensiled samples dried and ground to 4â
mm (D4) emerges as the appropriate method for in situ studies of starch-rich forages used as silages
DigestibilitĂ© de lâamidon et des parois vĂ©gĂ©tales du maĂŻs fourrage : consĂ©quences sur la prĂ©vision de sa valeur nutritive
Lâensilage de maĂŻs, fourrage principal dans les rations des ruminants Ă haut niveau de production, est
composé de deux fractions énergétiques
: lâamidon et les parois vĂ©gĂ©tales. Les proportions relatives de ces deux
fractions va
rient fortement selon les conditions de culture, la variété et le stade de maturité de la plante à la récolte
entraĂźnant alors une grande variabilitĂ© de la nature de lâĂ©nergie apportĂ©e par lâensilage de maĂŻs. Lâinfluence de ces
facteurs de variation sur la
digestibilité mesurée
in vivo
chez le mouton et la dégradabilité dans le rumen mesurée
in sacco
chez la vache a été étudiée pour 32 ensilages de maïs. La relative stabilité de la digestibilité de la matiÚre
organique
de la plante entiĂšre
(dMO)
in viv
o ave
c le stade de maturitĂ© sâexplique par un phĂ©nomĂšne de
compensation entre lâaugmentation de la quantitĂ© dâamidon Ă digestibilitĂ© Ă©levĂ©e et la
baisse de la digestibilité des
parois végétales (NDF)
. Au niveau du rumen, la dégradabilité
in sacco
de la MS et de
lâamidon diminue avec le
stade de maturité, celle du NDF baisse également.
L
e type
de
grain
des maïs étudiés
(corné
vs
.
denté
) et les
caractéristiques des parois végétales (
DINAG
plus ou moins élevé
)
influence
nt
la
dégradabilité de la MS, de
lâamidon et d
u NDF
,
mais son influence sur la digestibilitĂ© de la MO et de lâamidon
est faible
,
voire inexistante pour
la digestibilité du NDF
.
Lâutilisation de lâĂ©quation de prĂ©vision de la dMO proposĂ©e par lâINRA en 1996 (Ă©quation
M4) est confortée par cette étude, p
uisquâelle explique 74,0 % de la variabilitĂ© de dMO
mesurée
in vivo
et
nâentraine pas de biais dans les valeurs prĂ©vues. Cette Ă©tude apporte des rĂ©fĂ©rences sur les teneurs en parois
vĂ©gĂ©tales digestibles et en amidon dĂ©gradable dans le rumen de lâensilage
de maïs, critÚres nécessaires à une
meilleure Ă©valuation de la valeur nutritive de lâensilage de maĂŻs dans les nouveaux systĂšmes dâalimentation INRA.Maize silage, commonly used in the diet of
high
-
yielding ruminants, provides two energetic fractions
(starch and cell
-
walls or NDF). With the stage of maturity at harvest, type of hybrid and climatic conditions, the
proportion of the two energetic fractions in the whole plant varies greatly and so,
the nature of energy provided by
maize silage to the animal differs. The impact of these variations on whole plant
in vivo
digestibility in sheep (OMd)
and
in situ
degradability in cows were measured for 32 maize silages. The relative stability with
the
s
tage of
maturity of OMd was explained by the compensation between the increase in the content of starch that is of high
digestibility and the decrease in cell
-
wall digestibility. In
the
rumen,
in sacco
degradability of DM, starch and NDF
(to a lesser exten
t) was also affected by maturity stage. Degradability of DM, starch and NDF also differs among
type of maize grain (flint vs dent
) and cell walls (
low or high DINAG)
, but these effects were
limit
ed
on OM and
starch digestibility or even
absent on
NDF diges
tibility.
T
he INRA equation used to predict OMd
(M4)
explained
74.0
% of OMd
in vivo
variability measured on sheep
in this study
and can be further used with actual hybrids of
maize silage. This study provides new data on digestible cell
-
wall and rumen deg
radable starch contents in maize
silage that will allow better evaluation of the nutritive value of maize silage in future feed evaluation systems from
INR
Starch degradability and energetic value of maize silage
J'ai changé la date et complété mais il me manque des éléments. ChristineInternational audienc
Etude de la variabilité inter-laboratoire de la dégradation de l'azote mesurée in sacco
Etude de la variabilité inter-laboratoire de la dégradation de l'azote mesurée in sacco. 22. Rencontres autour des Recherches sur les Ruminant
Etude de la variabilité inter-laboratoire de la dégradation de l'azote mesurée in sacco
Etude de la variabilité inter-laboratoire de la dégradation de l'azote mesurée in sacco. 22. Rencontres autour des Recherches sur les Ruminant
Guide technique des mélanges fourragers à base de céréales à paille et de légumineuses
Ce guide traite des mĂ©langes de cĂ©rĂ©ales Ă paille et de lĂ©gumineuses Ă destination de fourrages. Les associations avec les cĂ©rĂ©ales dâorigine tropicale (sorgho, maĂŻsâŠ) et les cultures semĂ©es pour rĂ©colter du grain ne sont pas dĂ©veloppĂ©es ici. Ces mĂ©langes peuvent ĂȘtre implantĂ©s en culture principale ou dĂ©robĂ©e. Ils sont communĂ©ment appelĂ©s « mĂ©teils ». Le code rural rĂ©serve la dĂ©nomination « mĂ©teil » au produit de la culture et du battage dâun mĂ©lange de blĂ© et de seigle. NĂ©anmoins, cette dĂ©nomination pour dĂ©signer un mĂ©lange de cĂ©rĂ©ales Ă paille et
lĂ©gumineuses Ă©tant passĂ©e dans le langage courant, nous lâutiliserons dans ce document.[br/]
La composition des mĂ©teils varie fortement : de mĂ©langes aux cĂ©rĂ©ales prĂ©pondĂ©rantes jusquâĂ uniquement des lĂ©gumineuses. Le mĂ©teil est souvent une culture Ă double fin (fourrage immature ou grain) qui peut ĂȘtre rĂ©coltĂ©e Ă diffĂ©rents stades selon les conditions climatiques de lâannĂ©e et les objectifs de lâĂ©leveur. Le schĂ©ma suivant fait Ă©tat de la diversitĂ© des stratĂ©gies dâutilisation et dâimplantation des mĂ©teils