10 research outputs found

    Relay crops: a source of nutritional forage

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    Spring relay crops can provide complementary forage, especially during periods when traditional forage is lacking. However, little is known about their nutritional value. The Arvalis Plant Institute and INRA each carried out a study on the nutritional qualities of several intercrop species. They found that fresh forage harvested at the vegetative stage was highly nutritional (containing as much as 1.13 French feed units for lactation, 158 g of metabolisable protein [PDIE], and 225 g of rumen degradable protein [PDIN] per kg DM). Silage can be made despite the forage’s low dry matter content and high buffering capacity (Agroscope study). In Wallonia, the quality of intercrop silage is good (0.76 French feed units for lactation, 102 g of metabolisable protein [PDIE], 81 g of rumen degradable protein [PDIN] per kg DM). Many of the study species contained secondary compounds, which can improve livestock health and livestock product quality. They can also reduce negative environmental impacts

    Effects of ensiling maize and sample conditioning on in situ rumen degradation of dry matter, starch and fibre

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    International audienceHigh-production ruminants are commonly fed maize silage, which makes accurate evaluation of its nutritive value a key economic issue. However, evaluations of the rate and extent of ruminal degradation of starch and cell wall fractions from maize silage carry uncertainty due to the lack of a standardized method. Here, we investigated the effects of ensiling and sample conditioning on in situ-measured degradation of maize forage. Eight series of maize samples (two hybrids × two maturity stages × two methods of conservation [non-ensiled or fresh and ensiled]) were nylon-bagged in three conditionings: dried and ground to 1 mm (D1), dried and ground to 4 mm (D4), frozen and coarse-ground (FG). Disappearance of dry matter (DM), starch and fibre (aNDF) was measured in situ in cow rumen after different incubation times (2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 96 h). Effects of ensiling, sample conditioning, genotype, maturity and their interactions on DM, starch and aNDF degradation were analyzed using the SAS MIXED procedure. Effective dry matter degradability (ED4DM) was significantly higher (P<0.001) in silage than in fresh maize due to a significantly higher rapidly degradable fraction (a) (P<0.001). Effective starch degradability (ED6Starch) followed the same trend due to a higher silage degradation rate (P<0.01). Conversely, effective aNDF degradability (ED2aNDF) was lower in silage (P<0.001) than fresh maize due to the longer lag-time to degradation (P<0.001) and lower hemicellulose ((aNDF − ADF)/aNDF) fraction in silage. Effective DM degradability was higher (P<0.001) for D1 samples than D4 and FG samples, mainly due to the higher rapidly degradable fraction (a) (P<0.001) in D1 than D4 or FG samples. In relation to high degradation rate, starch degradability was significantly higher (P<0.001) in FG than D1 and D4 samples, whereas aNDF degradation was lowest in the FG samples. This study shows that ensiling maize increases starch degradability and decreases aNDF degradability compared to fresh plant. Alongside conservation method, fine-grinding samples (as D1) led to high losses through the pores of the nylon bags, and these losses were correlated with high starch degradability, whereas coarse grinding (as FG) led to low aNDF degradability, probably due to insufficiently reduced particle sizes. In conclusion, using ensiled samples dried and ground to 4 mm (D4) emerges as the appropriate method for in situ studies of starch-rich forages used as silages

    DigestibilitĂ© de l’amidon et des parois vĂ©gĂ©tales du maĂŻs fourrage : consĂ©quences sur la prĂ©vision de sa valeur nutritive

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    L’ensilage de maĂŻs, fourrage principal dans les rations des ruminants Ă  haut niveau de production, est composĂ© de deux fractions Ă©nergĂ©tiques : l’amidon et les parois vĂ©gĂ©tales. Les proportions relatives de ces deux fractions va rient fortement selon les conditions de culture, la variĂ©tĂ© et le stade de maturitĂ© de la plante Ă  la rĂ©colte entraĂźnant alors une grande variabilitĂ© de la nature de l’énergie apportĂ©e par l’ensilage de maĂŻs. L’influence de ces facteurs de variation sur la digestibilitĂ© mesurĂ©e in vivo chez le mouton et la dĂ©gradabilitĂ© dans le rumen mesurĂ©e in sacco chez la vache a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e pour 32 ensilages de maĂŻs. La relative stabilitĂ© de la digestibilitĂ© de la matiĂšre organique de la plante entiĂšre (dMO) in viv o ave c le stade de maturitĂ© s’explique par un phĂ©nomĂšne de compensation entre l’augmentation de la quantitĂ© d’amidon Ă  digestibilitĂ© Ă©levĂ©e et la baisse de la digestibilitĂ© des parois vĂ©gĂ©tales (NDF) . Au niveau du rumen, la dĂ©gradabilitĂ© in sacco de la MS et de l’amidon diminue avec le stade de maturitĂ©, celle du NDF baisse Ă©galement. L e type de grain des maĂŻs Ă©tudiĂ©s (cornĂ© vs . dentĂ© ) et les caractĂ©ristiques des parois vĂ©gĂ©tales ( DINAG plus ou moins Ă©levĂ© ) influence nt la dĂ©gradabilitĂ© de la MS, de l’amidon et d u NDF , mais son influence sur la digestibilitĂ© de la MO et de l’amidon est faible , voire inexistante pour la digestibilitĂ© du NDF . L’utilisation de l’équation de prĂ©vision de la dMO proposĂ©e par l’INRA en 1996 (Ă©quation M4) est confortĂ©e par cette Ă©tude, p uisqu’elle explique 74,0 % de la variabilitĂ© de dMO mesurĂ©e in vivo et n’entraine pas de biais dans les valeurs prĂ©vues. Cette Ă©tude apporte des rĂ©fĂ©rences sur les teneurs en parois vĂ©gĂ©tales digestibles et en amidon dĂ©gradable dans le rumen de l’ensilage de maĂŻs, critĂšres nĂ©cessaires Ă  une meilleure Ă©valuation de la valeur nutritive de l’ensilage de maĂŻs dans les nouveaux systĂšmes d’alimentation INRA.Maize silage, commonly used in the diet of high - yielding ruminants, provides two energetic fractions (starch and cell - walls or NDF). With the stage of maturity at harvest, type of hybrid and climatic conditions, the proportion of the two energetic fractions in the whole plant varies greatly and so, the nature of energy provided by maize silage to the animal differs. The impact of these variations on whole plant in vivo digestibility in sheep (OMd) and in situ degradability in cows were measured for 32 maize silages. The relative stability with the s tage of maturity of OMd was explained by the compensation between the increase in the content of starch that is of high digestibility and the decrease in cell - wall digestibility. In the rumen, in sacco degradability of DM, starch and NDF (to a lesser exten t) was also affected by maturity stage. Degradability of DM, starch and NDF also differs among type of maize grain (flint vs dent ) and cell walls ( low or high DINAG) , but these effects were limit ed on OM and starch digestibility or even absent on NDF diges tibility. T he INRA equation used to predict OMd (M4) explained 74.0 % of OMd in vivo variability measured on sheep in this study and can be further used with actual hybrids of maize silage. This study provides new data on digestible cell - wall and rumen deg radable starch contents in maize silage that will allow better evaluation of the nutritive value of maize silage in future feed evaluation systems from INR

    Starch degradability and energetic value of maize silage

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    J'ai changé la date et complété mais il me manque des éléments. ChristineInternational audienc

    Etude de la variabilité inter-laboratoire de la dégradation de l'azote mesurée in sacco

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    Etude de la variabilité inter-laboratoire de la dégradation de l'azote mesurée in sacco. 22. Rencontres autour des Recherches sur les Ruminant

    Etude de la variabilité inter-laboratoire de la dégradation de l'azote mesurée in sacco

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    Etude de la variabilité inter-laboratoire de la dégradation de l'azote mesurée in sacco. 22. Rencontres autour des Recherches sur les Ruminant

    Guide technique des mélanges fourragers à base de céréales à paille et de légumineuses

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    Ce guide traite des mĂ©langes de cĂ©rĂ©ales Ă  paille et de lĂ©gumineuses Ă  destination de fourrages. Les associations avec les cĂ©rĂ©ales d’origine tropicale (sorgho, maĂŻs
) et les cultures semĂ©es pour rĂ©colter du grain ne sont pas dĂ©veloppĂ©es ici. Ces mĂ©langes peuvent ĂȘtre implantĂ©s en culture principale ou dĂ©robĂ©e. Ils sont communĂ©ment appelĂ©s « mĂ©teils ». Le code rural rĂ©serve la dĂ©nomination « mĂ©teil » au produit de la culture et du battage d’un mĂ©lange de blĂ© et de seigle. NĂ©anmoins, cette dĂ©nomination pour dĂ©signer un mĂ©lange de cĂ©rĂ©ales Ă  paille et lĂ©gumineuses Ă©tant passĂ©e dans le langage courant, nous l’utiliserons dans ce document.[br/] La composition des mĂ©teils varie fortement : de mĂ©langes aux cĂ©rĂ©ales prĂ©pondĂ©rantes jusqu’à uniquement des lĂ©gumineuses. Le mĂ©teil est souvent une culture Ă  double fin (fourrage immature ou grain) qui peut ĂȘtre rĂ©coltĂ©e Ă  diffĂ©rents stades selon les conditions climatiques de l’annĂ©e et les objectifs de l’éleveur. Le schĂ©ma suivant fait Ă©tat de la diversitĂ© des stratĂ©gies d’utilisation et d’implantation des mĂ©teils
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