An Unsupervised Method for Ontology Population from Textual Sources on the Web

The increasing in the production and availability of unstructured information on the Web grows daily. This abundance of unstructured information is a great challenge for acquisition of structured knowledge. Many approaches have been proposed for extracting information from texts written in natural language. However, only a few studies have investigated the extraction of information from texts written in Portuguese. Thus, this work aims to propose and evaluate an unsupervised method for ontology population using the Web as a big source of information in the context of the Portuguese language. The results of the experiments are encouraging and demonstrated that the proposed approach reached a precision rate of 67% in the instances of ontological classes extraction

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius), propagation from rhizophores with different numbers of buds

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a plant of Andean origin currently cultivated and consumed in several parts of the world for having numerous nutraceutical properties. An increasing interest in its cultivation demands advanced technical information on this crop, still scarce. Considering this, our study aimed to evaluate the propagation of yacon by rhizophores with different bud number. The experiment was conducted in two phases: the first phase was developed in a seedling nursery, using a completely randomized design with four treatments and 50 repetitions. The treatments consisted of rhizophores with: one to two buds (T1), three to four buds (T2), five to six buds (T3), and seven to eight buds (T4). The second phase was performed in the field with random blocks, four treatments, four repetitions, and the same treatments of the first phase. The following morphological and growth characteristics were assessed: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of stems per plant, Dickson quality index (DQI), leaf area, leaf dry mass, rhizophores, tuberous root, and productivity. The following physiological features were also analyzed: chlorophyll content (FCI – Falker chlorophyll index), net carbon assimilation rate, leaf transpiration, stomatal conductance, internal carbon concentration, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. Seedlings from rhizophores with three to four buds presented the best morphological and growth characteristics, DQI = 0.47 and good performance in the field. In addition, the plants originated from this material (rhizophores with three to four buds) showed greater accumulation of dry matter in the aerial part and tuberous roots, and consequently higher productivity in fresh tuberous roots, constituiting a suitable propagation form for the cultivation of yacon. Highlights: Seedlings from rhizophores with three to four buds presented the best morphological and growth characteristics. The results indicate differences in photosynthetic capacity among seedlings. Possibility of estimating the CO2 assimilation in yacon plants through chlorophyll contents, determined by "ClorofiLOG" (model FL1030, Falker), a device that has lower cost and simple handling than other photosynthesis analyzers, like IRGA Licor 6400XT, representing a significant methodological contribution. Study shows that the number of buds in the yacon propagule (rhizophores) has a direct influence, from seedling phase to final production and that their weight should not be a factor for selection.Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a plant of Andean origin currently cultivated and consumed in several parts of the world for having numerous nutraceutical properties. An increasing interest in its cultivation demands advanced technical information on this crop, still scarce. Considering this, our study aimed to evaluate the propagation of yacon by rhizophores with different bud number. The experiment was conducted in two phases: the first phase was developed in a seedling nursery, using a completely randomized design with four treatments and 50 repetitions. The treatments consisted of rhizophores with: one to two buds (T1), three to four buds (T2), five to six buds (T3), and seven to eight buds (T4). The second phase was performed in the field with random blocks, four treatments, four repetitions, and the same treatments of the first phase. The following morphological and growth characteristics were assessed: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of stems per plant, Dickson quality index (DQI), leaf area, leaf dry mass, rhizophores, tuberous root, and productivity. The following physiological features were also analyzed: chlorophyll content (FCI – Falker chlorophyll index), net carbon assimilation rate, leaf transpiration, stomatal conductance, internal carbon concentration, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. Seedlings from rhizophores with three to four buds presented the best morphological and growth characteristics, DQI = 0.47 and good performance in the field. In addition, the plants originated from this material (rhizophores with three to four buds) showed greater accumulation of dry matter in the aerial part and tuberous roots, and consequently higher productivity in fresh tuberous roots, constituiting a suitable propagation form for the cultivation of yacon. Highlights: Seedlings from rhizophores with three to four buds presented the best morphological and growth characteristics. The results indicate differences in photosynthetic capacity among seedlings. Possibility of estimating the CO2 assimilation in yacon plants through chlorophyll contents, determined by "ClorofiLOG" (model FL1030, Falker), a device that has lower cost and simple handling than other photosynthesis analyzers, like IRGA Licor 6400XT, representing a significant methodological contribution. Study shows that the number of buds in the yacon propagule (rhizophores) has a direct influence, from seedling phase to final production and that their weight should not be a factor for selection

Impact of intercropping on the photosynthetic activity of coffee

Conducting studies that assist in the evaluation of agroecosystems is essential for advancing biodiverse and sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to assess the impact of intercropping on the photosynthetic activity of Arabica coffee plants. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Alegre, Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. Three coffee cropping systems were studied: Arabica coffee monoculture; Arabica coffee intercropped with Nanicon variety banana; and Arabica coffee intercropped with Nanicon variety banana and Juçara palm. The Arabica coffee variety used was Catuaí Vermelho IAC 44, planted in 1991, with a spacing of 3.0 m between rows and 2.0 m between holes, accommodating two plants per hole. In 2010, coffee trees underwent mid-height pruning (low-cutting pruning), and the Nanicon bananas were planted between rows with a spacing of 5.0 x 3.0 m. Three years later, palm seedlings were planted in the same rows as the banana plants, with a spacing of 5 x 3 m. Five experimental units were randomly selected for each cropping system. The evaluated variables included chlorophyll indexes (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and chlorophyll a/b ratio) and gas exchange parameters (net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration, intrinsic water use efficiency, instantaneous water use efficiency, and carboxylation efficiency). Regarding chlorophyll indexes, differences were observed only in chlorophyll b, with monoculture coffee displaying the highest values. In terms of gas exchange, intercropped coffee exhibited lower values of intrinsic and instantaneous water use efficiency, and higher values of stomatal conductance and transpiration. The highest net assimilation rate values were observed in coffee with banana intercropping, while the highest water use efficiency was found in coffee in monoculture. In summary, monoculture coffee showed the highest values for most of the variables related to photosynthetic activity, followed by Arabica coffee intercropped with banana, which stood out for achieving the highest net assimilation rate

Produção e qualidade de milho-verde com diferentes fontes e doses de adubos orgânicos

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different sources and rates of animal manures in the fertilization of green-corn, under Semiarid of Paraiba. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraíba, in the municipality of Sousa-PB, standing at 233 m altitude, latitude 6°45'south and longitude 38°13' west. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four treatments and three repetitions Treatments were: T1-control (no fertilizer), T2-cattle manure (10 Mg ha-1 ), T3-sheep manure (8 Mg ha-1 ) and T4 - litter (6 Mg ha-1 1). Were evaluated: stem diameter (mm), height (m), total number of spikes (ears ha-1 ), total weight of the ears (Mg ha-1 ), when the first ear (m), number Tang stuffed marketable (ears ha-1 ), weight of marketable ears stuffed (Mg ha-1 ), number of marketable husked cob (ears ha-1 ), marketable dehusked ear weight (Mg ha-1 ). Fertilization with litter influence on all variables studied, except for marketable dehusked ear weight. The poultry litter fertilization using sheep manure and can substantially improve the productivity of green corn, which can replace chemical fertilizers in agroecosystems.Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos das diferentes fontes e doses de estercos de animais na adubação do milho-verde, sob condições do Semiárido Paraibano. O experimento foi realizado no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba, no Município de Sousa-PB, situando a 233 m de altitude, com latitude de 6o 45’ sul e longitude de 38o 13’ oeste. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com 4 tratamentos e 3 repetições Os tratamentos foram:T1- testemunha (sem adubo), T2- esterco bovino (10 Mg ha-1 ), T3- esterco ovino (8 Mg ha-1 ) e T4- cama de aviário (6 Mg ha-1 ). Foram avaliados: diâmetro do colmo (mm), altura da planta (m), número total de espigas (espigas ha-1 ), peso total das espigas (Mg ha-1 ), altura de inserção da primeira espiga(m), número de espiga empalhada comercializáveis (espigas.ha-1 ), peso das espigas empalhada comercializáveis (Mg ha-1 ), número de espiga despalhadas comercializáveis (espigas.ha-1 ), peso de espiga despalhada comercializáveis (Mg ha-1 ). A adubação com cama de aviário influenciou em todas as variáveis estudada, exceto para peso de espiga despalhada comercializáveis. As adubações usando cama de aviário e esterco ovino podem melhorar substancialmente a produtividade de milho-verde, podendo substituir a adubação química em sistemas agroecológicos

Análise Análise das condições de acessibilidade à cadeirantes no espaço urbano praça dos estudantes em Aquidauana-MS

A presente pesquisa consiste em um estudo de caso, que teve como objetivo verificar se as condições físico-espacial de acessibilidade à Praça dos Estudantes da cidade de Aquidauana-MS, especificamente para pessoas que utilizam cadeira de rodas (cadeirantes), estão de acordo com as normas regulamentadoras vigentes sobre acessibilidade da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT, 2020) e a partir disto, sugerir propostas de melhorias e correções de irregularidades e não conformidades, que possam impedir acessibilidade a cadeirantes. O estudo foi realizado por meio de uma pesquisa de campo na praça em questão, na qual foram aferidas medidas e realizado registros fotográficos. Com base nos resultados, conclui-se que a ausência de acessibilidade não é só para cadeirantes, mas, para todas as pessoas que possua algum tipo de mobilidade reduzida. É esperado que essa pesquisa incentive mais estudos com intuito de promover mudanças significativas e atender todos os cidadãos de direito ao acesso

Aluminum toxicity effect on the initial growth of yacon plantlets

ABSTRACT The increasing consumption of yacon potato has raised worldwide interest in its crop and generated demand for scientific elucidations of several factors associated to its agricultural management. Among the demands, there are the studies related to the effects of aluminum (Al3+) on the development of yacon plants. Thus, this study was developed to evaluate the effects of aluminum on budding and initial growth of yacon plantlets. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design, with three replications and six aluminum contents in the substrate: 0, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg L-1. The response of yacon plantlets to aluminum contents was evaluated by the emergence time, emergence speed index, number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, radicle length, and dry mass weight of leaves, stems, and radicles. The presence of aluminum in the substrate negatively influences the emergence and initial growth of yacon, causing losses in foliage development (number of leaves and leaf area), in biomass accumulation, growth and, especially, restricting the development of radicles. Aluminum toxicity fully inhibits radicle growth in substrate contents above 83 mg L-1, under the controlled conditions used in this experiment

Aluminum toxicity effect on the initial growth of yacon plantlets

<div><p>ABSTRACT The increasing consumption of yacon potato has raised worldwide interest in its crop and generated demand for scientific elucidations of several factors associated to its agricultural management. Among the demands, there are the studies related to the effects of aluminum (Al3+) on the development of yacon plants. Thus, this study was developed to evaluate the effects of aluminum on budding and initial growth of yacon plantlets. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design, with three replications and six aluminum contents in the substrate: 0, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg L-1. The response of yacon plantlets to aluminum contents was evaluated by the emergence time, emergence speed index, number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, radicle length, and dry mass weight of leaves, stems, and radicles. The presence of aluminum in the substrate negatively influences the emergence and initial growth of yacon, causing losses in foliage development (number of leaves and leaf area), in biomass accumulation, growth and, especially, restricting the development of radicles. Aluminum toxicity fully inhibits radicle growth in substrate contents above 83 mg L-1, under the controlled conditions used in this experiment.</p></div

Dependência espacial da cultura da soja, em sistema de produção de baixa emissão de carbono, integrada com floresta de eucalipto

In a climate change scenario, a producer who decides to invest in a Crop-Forest integration system, instead of investing in conventional production, benefits. The objective the present work, which is a low carbon emission agriculture model, aimed to evaluate the effect of shading and the spatial dependence of soybean crop indices in integration with eucalyptus forest. The design adopted was that of randomized blocks with six replications and treatments composed of different horizontal distances about eucalyptus (30, 34, 38, 42 and 46 m), in two distinct areas, one with the presence of eucalyptus forest in the north and west phase and another one without the presence of eucalyptus in the northern part of the soybean cultivation area. Evaluated the photosynthetically active photons at four different times, the plant stand, plant height, and the vegetation index after 30 and 60 days of germination and finally the mass of a thousand grains and productivity. As a result, all attributes showed spatial dependence, except soybean productivity. As final considerations, the spacing of 34 m between the eucalyptus trees promote less shading. The highest average grain production in the area was found in the presence of eucalyptus on the west and north sides of the cultivation area.Num cenário de mudanças climáticas, um produtor que decidisse investir em um sistema de integração Lavoura-Floresta, ao invés de investir na produção convencional, se beneficiaria. O presente trabalho, que é um modelo de agricultura de baixa emissão de carbono, teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do sombreamento e a dependência espacial dos índices da cultura da soja em integração com floresta de eucalipto. O delineamento adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso com seis repetições e tratamentos compostos por diferentes distâncias horizontais sobre eucalipto (30, 34, 38, 42 e 46 m), em duas áreas distintas, uma com presença de eucalipto nas regiões norte e oeste e outra sem a presença do eucalipto na parte norte da área de cultivo da soja. Avaliaram-se os fótons fotossinteticamente ativos em quatro épocas diferentes, o estande de plantas, a altura de plantas e o índice de vegetação após 30 e 60 dias de germinação e por fim a massa de mil grãos e a produtividade. Como resultados, todos atributos apresentaram dependência espacial, exceto produtividade da soja. Como considerações finais, o espaçamento de 34 m entre os eucaliptos promove menor sombreamento. A maior produção média de grãos na área foi encontrada na presença de eucalipto nas laterais oeste e norte da área de cultivo

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES IN SOILS WITH CROPS INTERCROPPED WITH COFFEE

Background: Studies that help to evaluate agroecosystems are of great importance for world agricultural production in order to achieve a more sustainable agriculture. Objective: To evaluate the physical and chemical attributes of the soil with crops intercropped with coffee. Methodology: The research was carried out on the property of a family farmer located in the municipality of Alegre, state of Espírito Santo, in southeastern Brazil. For this, three farming systems were defined: monoculture coffee, coffee intercropped with plantain, and coffee intercropped with plantain and hearts of palm. Five randomly selected experimental units were established in each system. The physical attributes were evaluated: texture and mechanical resistance of the soil; and chemical attributes: pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al+H, SB, CIC-e, CIC-T, %SB, %SA and MO. Results: Soil texture was similar in the three cultivation systems, however, the monoculture coffee soil had a higher percentage of sand and a lower percentage of clay. The mechanical resistance was similar between the culture systems in the two depths evaluated. Regarding chemical attributes, monoculture coffee presented higher values for pH, P, K, Ca and Mg, SB, CICe and %SB, and lower value for organic matter content. Conclusion: These results show that the physical and chemical attributes of the soil are affected by intercropping with coffee, so it is necessary to modify the agronomic management for these conditions

Additive and Non-Additive Effects on the Control of Key Agronomic Traits in Popcorn Lines under Contrasting Phosphorus Conditions

Phosphorus is a non-renewable natural resource that will run out of reserves in the upcoming decades, making it essential to understanding the inheritance of nutrient use efficiency for selecting superior genotypes. This study investigated the additive and non-additive effects of commercially relevant traits for the popcorn crop (grain yield&mdash;GY, popping expansion&mdash;PE, and expanded popcorn volume per hectare&mdash;PV) in different conditions of phosphorus (P) availability in two locations in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Six S7 lines previously selected for P use&mdash;L59, L70, and P7, efficient and responsive; and L54, L75, and L80, inefficient and non-responsive&mdash;were used as testers in crosses with 15 progenies from the fifth cycle of intrapopulation recurrent selection of UENF-14, with adaptation to the North and Northwest regions of Rio de Janeiro State. Using the Griffing diallel analysis, P use efficiency was predominantly additive in the expression of PE, and non-additive effects were prominent for GY and PV. For obtaining genotypes that are efficient for phosphorus use, it is recommended that heterosis with parents that provide additive gene accumulation for PE be explored