The Photosynthetic Function of Manganese and Chloride

Author Institution: Charles F. Kettering Foundation, Yellow Springs, Ohi

Arp2/3- and Cofilin-coordinated Actin Dynamics Is Required for Insulin-mediated GLUT4 Translocation to the Surface of Muscle Cells

Insulin increases GLUT4 at the muscle cell surface, and this process requires actin remodeling. We show that a dynamic cycle of actin polymerization and severing is induced by insulin, governed by Arp2/3 and dephosphorylation of cofilin, respectively. The cycle is self-perpetuating and is essential for GLUT4 translocation

Overconfident Investors, Predictable Returns, and Excessive Trading

The last several decades have witnessed a shift away from a fully rational paradigm of financial markets toward one in which investor behavior is influenced by psychological biases. Two principal factors have contributed to this evolution: a body of evidence showing how psychological bias affects the behavior of economic actors; and an accumulation of evidence that is hard to reconcile with fully rational models of security market trading volumes and returns. In particular, asset markets exhibit trading volumes that are high, with individuals and asset managers trading aggressively, even when such trading results in high risk and low net returns. Moreover, asset prices display patterns of predictability that are difficult to reconcile with rational-expectations–based theories of price formation. In this paper, we discuss the role of overconfidence as an explanation for these patterns