16 research outputs found
Rays, intrusive growth, and storied cambium in the inflorescence stems of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh
Arabidopsis thaliana is a model plant used in analysis of different aspects of plant growth and development. Under suitable conditions, secondary growth takes place in the hypocotyl of Arabidopsis plants, a finding which helps in understanding many aspects of xylogenesis. However, not all developmental processes of secondary tissue can be studied here, as no secondary rays and intrusive growth have been detected in hypocotyl. However, results presented here concerning the secondary growth in inflorescence stems of Arabidopsis shows that both secondary rays and intrusive growth of cambial cells can be detected, and that, in the interfascicular regions, a storied cambium can be developed
Negative Emotional Events that People Ruminate about Feel Closer in Time
<div><p>Rumination is intrusive, perseverative cognition. We suggest that one psychological consequence of ruminating about negative emotional events is that the events feel as though they happened metaphorically “just yesterday”. Results from three studies showed that ruminating about real world anger provocations, guilt-inducing events, and sad times in the last year made these past events feel as though they happened more recently. The relationship between rumination and reduced temporal psychological distance persisted even when controlling for when the event occurred and the emotional intensity of the event. Moreover, angry rumination was correlated with enhanced approach motivation, which mediated the rumination-distance relationship. The relationship between guilty rumination and distance was mediated by enhanced vividness. Construal level and taking a 3<sup>rd</sup> person perspective contributed to the sense of distance when participants were prompted to think about less emotionally charged situations. A meta-analysis of the data showed that the relationship between rumination and reduced distance was significant and twice as large as the same relationship for neutral events. These findings have implications for understanding the role of emotional rumination on memory processes in clinical populations and people prone to rumination. This research suggests that rumination may be a critical mechanism that keeps negative events close in the heart, mind, and time.</p></div
Means and SEMs for perceptions of temporal psychological distance in Study 3 (<i>N</i> = 827).
<p>Higher scores indicate greater temporal psychological distance. Participants who wrote about anger-, sadness- or guilt-inducing events perceived the event as closer in time than participants who wrote about a neutral event. The three emotion conditions did not differ in perceived psychological distance. ** <i>p</i> < .01.</p
Meta-analysis of the effect of rumination on reduced temporal distance from Studies 1 through 3.
<p>Values represent the mean effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (i.e., the mean ± 1.96 SEMs). The effect size was significantly different and more than twice as large for rumination about emotional events compared to thinking about control events.</p
Life with too much polyprenol: polyprenol reductase deficiency
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are caused by a dysfunction of glycosylation, an essential step in
the manufacturing process of glycoproteins. This paper focuses on a 6-year-old patient with a new type of
CDG-I caused by a defect of the steroid 5α reductase type 3 gene (SRD5A3). The clinical features were psychomotor
retardation, pathological nystagmus, slight muscular hypotonia and microcephaly. SRD5A3 was recently
identified encoding the polyprenol reductase, an enzyme catalyzing the final step of the biosynthesis
of dolichol, which is required for the assembly of the glycans needed for N-glycosylation.
Although an early homozygous stop-codon (c.57G>A [W19X]) with no functional protein was found in the
patient, about 70% of transferrin (Tf) was correctly glycosylated. Quantification of dolichol and unreduced
polyprenol in the patient's fibroblasts demonstrated a high polyprenol/dolichol ratio with normal amounts
of dolichol, indicating that high polyprenol levels might compete with dolichol for the initiation of
N-glycan assembly but without supporting normal glycosylation and that there must be an alternative
pathway for dolichol biosynthesis
Double Bond Stereochemistry Influences the Susceptibility of Short‑Chain Isoprenoids and Polyprenols to Decomposition by Thermo‑Oxidation
Alcohols are common constituents of
living cells. They are usually assigned a role in the adaptation
of the cell to environmental stimuli, and this process
might give rise to their oxidation by reactive oxygen
species. Moreover, cellular isoprenoids may also undergo
various chemical modifications resulting from the physicochemical
treatment of the tissues, e.g., heating during food
processing. Susceptibility of isoprenoid alcohols to heat
treatment has not been studied in detail so far. In this study,
isoprenoid alcohols differing in the number of isoprene units
and geometry of the double bonds, β-citronellol, geraniol,
nerol, farnesol, solanesol and Pren-9, were subjected to
thermo-oxidation at 80 °C. Thermo-oxidation resulted in the
decomposition of the tested short-chain isoprenoids as well
as medium-chain polyprenols with simultaneous formation
of oxidized derivatives, such as hydroperoxides, monoepoxides,diepoxides and aldehydes, and possible formation of oligomeric derivatives. Oxidation products were monitored by GC-FID, GC-MS, ESI-MS and spectrophotometric methods. Interestingly, nerol, a short-chain isoprenoid with a double bond in the cis (Z) configuration, was more oxidatively stable than its trans (E) isomer, geraniol. However, the opposite effect was observed for medium-chain polyprenols, since Pren-9 (di-trans-poly-cis-prenol) was more susceptible to thermo-oxidation than its all-trans isomer, solanesol. Taken together, these results experimentally confirm that both short- and long-chain polyisoprenoid alcohols are prone to thermo-oxidation