Effects of the Chernobyl Disaster on Thyroid Cancer Incidence in Turkey after 22 Years

Background. Separate studies involving people who survived atomic bombs have shown that the risk for cancer remains high after 40 years, compared with the risk in the general population. An elevated risk may also remain in regions of Turkey near the Chernobyl disaster. Patients and Methods. A multidisciplinary study conducted in 2008, 22 years after the Chernobyl disaster, examined the thyroid cancer incidence in Rize, a province of Turkey located on the shore of the middle Black Sea. Approximately 100,000 people were screened, and a fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed in 89 patients. Results. Based on postoperative histopathological examinations, thyroid cancer was diagnosed in six of the 100,000 people screened. Conclusion. Given a thyroid cancer frequency of approximately 8 in 100,000 in the Turkish population, according to the Turkish Cancer Research Association, the rate in Rize reflects no increase in the thyroid cancer incidence 22 years after the Chernobyl disaster

Missed diagnosis of aspergillus Niger peritonitis in a peritoneal dialysis patient with standard culture: Might enriched blood culture materials have an advantage?

Peritonitis is a major complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Although bacteria are the most responsible pathogens, fungi can also be the cause of this condition. Candida species (spp.) are common agents in fungal peritonitis with a rate of 70% while Aspergillus spp. is rare. Aspergillus spp. can lead to severe life threatening peritonitis in PD patients. Early diagnosis is essential for a good outcome but it may be difficult to detect the pathogen. Our observation in this case supports the hypothesis that the enriched culture materials designed for detecting blood pathogens can provide an advantage for determining the cause of peritonitis in peritoneal fluid. Clinicians should remember this clue when managing peritonitis, especially in patients who are refractory to empiric antibiotic therapy

Legal problems about evaluation of biological evidences within the scope of international agreements that Turkey participated as signotary country.

TEZ12374Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2019.Kaynakça (s. 71-76) var.viii, 77 s. ;_29 cm.Biyolojik deliller, yargılamanın her aşamasında en güvenilir sonuçlara ulaşmak için kullanılmaktadır. Bilirkişiler vasıtasıyla pozitif bilime uygun olarak hazırlanan raporlar yargılama süreçlerinin sağlıklı biçimde işleyişi ile yakından ilgilidir. Bilimdeki gelişmelerin sürekli olması hukukun da bu gelişmeleri yakından takip etme zorunluluğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Muhakeme hukukunda, maddi gerçeğin ortaya çıkması için gerek olay yerinden gerek insan bedeninden elde edilen biyolojik deliller giderek daha fazla yer almaktadır. Doğaları gereği biyolojik materyaller, her türlü biyolojik varlıktan elde edilebilir. İnsan haysiyetinin korunması açısından, özellikle insan bedeninden elde edilecek delillerin, titizlikle, uluslararası sözleşmelerle ve iç hukuk kurallarıyla belirli kısıtlamalar çerçevesinde elde edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yasa koyucunun ve uygulayıcıların, hem delilin doğasını bozmadan, hem de insan onuruna aykırı hareket etmeden elde etmesi konusunda farkındalık oluşturmak ve düzenlemeler yapılması yönünde öneride bulunmaktır. Bu çalışmada biyolojik delillerin hem Türkiye’de, hem de Kara Avrupası ve Anglo Sakson Hukuk sisteminde ne şekilde elde edildiğini incelemek maksadıyla Yüksek Mahkeme Kararları kullanılmıştır. Mahkeme kararları, iç hukuk ve uluslararası sözleşmeler bağlamında incelenmiştir. Yüksek mahkeme kararlarında biyolojik delillerin elde edilme şekillerindeki hukuka aykırı delil sorunu ve biyolojik delillerin hangi koşullarda kullanılabileceği tartışılmıştır. Ülkemizde taraf olduğumuz uluslararası sözleşmeler kapsamında biyolojik delillerin elde edilmesi açısından iç hukuk kurallarının yetersiz olduğu, ayrıca DNA veri bankalarının oluşturulması gerektiği konusunda sonuca varılmıştır. İç hukukun, Türkiye’nin taraf olduğu sözleşmeler kapsamında düzenlenmesi ve maddi gerçeğin ortaya çıkarılması açısından adli bilimlerden daha fazla faydalanılması gerekliliği bulunmaktadır.Biological evidence is used to achieve the most reliable results at every stage of the trial. Reports prepared by experts in accordance with positive science are closely related to the healthy functioning of the judicial processes. The fact that the developments in science are continuous has led to the necessity of the law to follow these developments closely. In the law of reasoning, the biological evidence obtained both from the crime scene and from the human body for the emergence of material truth is increasingly taking place. By nature, biological materials can be obtained from any biological entity. In order to protect human dignity, especially the evidence to be obtained from the human body must be meticulously obtained within the framework of certain restrictions, both in international conventions and in domestic law. The aim of this study is to raise awareness and propose to make regulations that lawmakers and practitioners obtain biological evidence without disturbing the nature of the evidence and acting against human dignity. This study examines whether biological evidence of both in Turkey and also in continental Europe and the Anglo-Saxon legal system in order to obtain what the Supreme Court decision were used. The court decisions were examined in the context of domestic law and international conventions. In high court decisions, the issue of unlawful evidence in the manner in which biological evidence is obtained and the conditions under which biological evidence can be used are discussed. Within the scope of the international conventions we have signed in our country, it has been concluded that the rules of domestic law are insufficient for obtaining biological evidence and that DNA databases should be established. The internal law, regulation under contracts which Turkey is a party and in terms of uncovering the truth material should be exploited more than forensic science

Effects of vasoconstriction on the acute anterior pituitary hormonal response to head injury

WOS: 000178883400008PubMed: 12372703Since cerebral vasoconstriction alone may impair the hypothalamic and pituitary circulation, we planned to investigate whether the hormonal response to the vasoconstriction that may be induced by the head injury is a significant component of the general acute hormonal response to head injury. Although diffuse adrenocorticotropic hormone immunohistochemical staining of the adenohypophysis of rabbits was observed in the head trauma administered group, only mild positive staining was present in the Endothelin-1 administered group. However, decreased prolactin staining was found in both of the groups. It is postulated that trauma induced vasoconstriction may not be an important manipulating factor in the corticotrophic hormone response to injury, while it may be responsible for the decreased prolactin response. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Effects of trauma and pain on the acute anterior pituitary hormonal response

PubMed: 12147213The aim of this study was to compare the effects of trauma and pain on the pituitary gland so as to determine whether pain is a significant component in the general acute hormonal trauma response. Adenohypophysis of rabbits that have undergone either diffuse traumatic brain injury or pain were investigated using immunohistochemistry. The ACTH staining pattern of the pain-administered rabbits was not as strong as the head-trauma-administered group, whereas PRL staining pattern of the former group was not so weak as the later group. As a conclusion, since adrenocorticotrophic hormone and prolactin staining patterns were different in the trauma administered and pain induced groups; it may be postulated that pain alone may not be an important factor in the hormonal response to trauma. © 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd

Missed diagnosis of aspergillus Niger peritonitis in a peritoneal dialysis patient with standard culture: Might enriched blood culture materials have an advantage?

Peritonitis is a major complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Although bacteria are the most responsible pathogens, fungi can also be the cause of this condition. Candida species (spp.) are common agents in fungal peritonitis with a rate of 70% while Aspergillus spp. is rare. Aspergillus spp. can lead to severe life threatening peritonitis in PD patients. Early diagnosis is essential for a good outcome but it may be difficult to detect the pathogen. Our observation in this case supports the hypothesis that the enriched culture materials designed for detecting blood pathogens can provide an advantage for determining the cause of peritonitis in peritoneal fluid. Clinicians should remember this clue when managing peritonitis, especially in patients who are refractory to empiric antibiotic therapy

Clopidogrel does not increase bleeding and allogenic blood transfusion in coronary artery surgery

Objectives: Platelet dysfunction is one of the major reasons of postoperative bleeding following coronary artery surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of clopidogrel; a specific and potent irreversible inhibitor of platelet aggregation; on bleeding and use of blood and blood products after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Methods: Preoperative patient characteristics and perioperative and postoperative data were collected prospectively in 1628 consecutive patients undergoing isolated CABG performed by the same surgical and anesthesia team. Of these, 48 were receiving clopidogrel preoperatively. Of the 1628 patients, 1456 underwent elective and 172 (10.6%) underwent non-elective operation. Thirty-six (2.5%) of the elective patients and 12 (7%) of the non-elective patients were using clopidogrel, preoperatively. Baseline characteristics, chest tube output, and the need for reexploration or for blood and blood product transfusion of clopidogrel recipients and non-recipients were compared. The clopidogrel group had higher prothrombin time level (12.6 +/- 1.6; 11.5 +/- 1.7 s, P = 0.013), however comparable aPTT level (32.6 +/- 4.5 vs. 31.4 +/- 4.5 s), and platelet count (275 000 +/- 98 000 vs. 280 000 +/- 72 000 dl(-1)). Results: The need for reexploration or for blood and blood product transfusion, chest tube output, ICU length of stay (20.1 +/- 2.9 vs. 21.9 +/- 13.5 h; P = NS), and hospital length of stay (5.5 +/- 1.7 vs. 5.4 +/- 2.1 days; P = NS) were similar in clopidogrel recipients and non-recipients, respectively. Further analysis demonstrated no significant difference in use of homologous blood or fresh frozen plasma, amount of postoperative bleeding and reoperation rates for bleeding as well as length of intensive care unit and hospital stay between the clopidogrel and the control groups both in elective and non-elective patients. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that preoperative use of clopidogrel is not associated with increased bleeding and need for surgical exploration as well as risk of blood and blood product transfusion after CABG. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Fast-track recovery in noncoronary cardiac surgery patients

Objective: Fast-track recovery protocols result in shorter hospital stays and decreased costs in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. However, data based on an objective scoring system are lacking for the impact of these protocols on patients undergoing cardiac surgery other than isolated CABG