6,515 research outputs found
A simple proof of Hardy-Lieb-Thirring inequalities
We give a short and unified proof of Hardy-Lieb-Thirring inequalities for
moments of eigenvalues of fractional Schroedinger operators. The proof covers
the optimal parameter range. It is based on a recent inequality by Solovej,
Soerensen, and Spitzer. Moreover, we prove that any non-magnetic Lieb-Thirring
inequality implies a magnetic Lieb-Thirring inequality (with possibly a larger
constant).Comment: 12 page
Catechin or quercetin guests in an intrinsically microporous polyamine (PIM-EA-TB) host: accumulation, reactivity, and release
Microporous polymer materials based on molecularly "stiff"structures provide intrinsic microporosity, typical micropore sizes of 0.5 nm to 1.5 nm, and the ability to bind guest species. The polyamine PIM-EA-TB contains abundant tertiary amine sites to interact via hydrogen bonding to guest species in micropores. Here, quercetin and catechin are demonstrated to bind and accumulate into PIM-EA-TB. Voltammetric data suggest apparent Langmuirian binding constants for catechin of 550 (±50) Ă 103 M-1 in acidic solution at pH 2 (PIM-EA-TB is protonated) and 130 (±13) Ă 103 M-1 in neutral solution at pH 6 (PIM-EA-TB is not protonated). The binding capacity is typically 1â:â1 (guestâ:âhost polymer repeat unit), but higher loadings are readily achieved by host/guest co-deposition from tetrahydrofuran solution. In the rigid polymer environment, bound ortho-quinol guest species exhibit 2-electron 2-proton redox transformation to the corresponding quinones, but only in a thin mono-layer film close to the electrode surface. Release of guest molecules occurs depending on the level of loading and on the type of guest either spontaneously or with electrochemical stimuli
Fuel cell anode catalyst performance can be stabilized with a molecularly rigid film of polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM)
There remains a major materials challenge in maintaining the performance of platinum (Pt) anode catalysts in fuel cells due to corrosion and blocking of active sites.</p
One-step preparation of microporous Pd@cPIM composite catalyst film for triphasic electrocatalysis
Triphasic microporous materials (containing solid, liquid, and gas) are of interest in electrocatalysis. In this exploratory study, a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-EA-TB) is impregnated with PdCl4 2 â metal precursor and vacuumâcarbonised to give an electrically conductive microporous heterocarbon with embedded Pd nanoparticles of typically 10â30 nm diameter. This microporous composite catalyst is formed (via spin-coating) as âflakesâ of typically 100 nm thickness and 1 to 20 ÎŒm diameter that are readily re-deposited onto glassy carbon electrode substrates. Due to the triphasic conditions, Pd@cPIM electrocatalytic reactivity is high but only for gases (H2 oxidation or O2 reduction). This selectivity is observed even in the presence of excess formic acid fuel in the aqueous/liquid phase. The potential for application in membrane-less micro-fuel cells is discussed.</p
One-step preparation of microporous Pd@cPIM composite catalyst film for triphasic electrocatalysis
Triphasic microporous materials (containing solid, liquid, and gas) are of interest in electrocatalysis. In this exploratory study, a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-EA-TB) is impregnated with PdCl42â metal precursor and vacuumâcarbonised to give an electrically conductive microporous heterocarbon with embedded Pd nanoparticles of typically 10â30nm diameter. This microporous composite catalyst is formed (via spin-coating) as âflakesâ of typically 100nm thickness and 1 to 20ÎŒm diameter that are readily re-deposited onto glassy carbon electrode substrates. Due to the triphasic conditions, Pd@cPIM electrocatalytic reactivity is high but only for gases (H2 oxidation or O2 reduction). This selectivity is observed even in the presence of excess formic acid fuel in the aqueous/liquid phase. The potential for application in membrane-less micro-fuel cells is discussed. Keywords: Gas binding, Triple phase reaction zone, Fuel cell, CO2 reduction, Microporosit
Hydrogen Peroxide Versus Hydrogen Generation at Bipolar Pd/Au Nano-catalysts Grown into an Intrinsically Microporous Polyamine (PIM-EA-TB)
Binding of PdCl42â into the polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM-EA-TB (on a Nylon mesh substrate) followed by borohydride reduction leads to uncapped Pd(0) nano-catalysts with typically 3.2â±â0.2 nm diameter embedded within the microporous polymer host structure. Spontaneous reaction of Pd(0) with formic acid and oxygen is shown to result in the competing formation of (i) hydrogen peroxide (at low formic acid concentration in air; with optimum H2O2 yield at 2 mM HCOOH), (ii) water, or (iii) hydrogen (at higher formic acid concentration or under argon). Next, a spontaneous electroless gold deposition process is employed to attach gold (typically 10- to 35-nm diameter) to the nano-palladium in PIM-EA-TB to give an order of magnitude enhanced production of H2O2 with high yields even at higher HCOOH concentration (suppressing hydrogen evolution). Pd and Au work hand-in-hand as bipolar electrocatalysts. A Clark probe method is developed to assess the catalyst efficiency (based on competing oxygen removal and hydrogen production) and a mass spectrometry method is developed to monitor/optimise the rate of production of hydrogen peroxide. Heterogenised Pd/Au@PIM-EA-TB catalysts are effective and allow easy catalyst recovery and reuse for hydrogen peroxide production
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