3 research outputs found
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Physician Attitudes Toward Homosexuality and HIV: The PATHH-III Survey.
PurposeThe aims of this study were (1) to evaluate current physician attitudes toward homosexuality and homosexual, transgender, and HIV-positive individuals and (2) to compare current attitudes of those from prior surveys of the same population, the San Diego County medical community.MethodsAn online survey was conducted during November-December 2017 to assess general attitudes toward homosexuality and medically focused items that addressed homosexual orientation, transgender identity, and HIV. Responses were weighted for nonresponse. Predictors of stigma were assessed using generalized linear models. Trends across three surveys of the same population in 1982, 1999, and 2017 using common items were assessed using unweighted responses.ResultsOf 4418 eligible physicians, 491 (11.1%) responded (median age 55 years, 38% female and 8.7% gay or bisexual). Regarding admission to medical school, 1% opposed admitting a homosexual applicant, 2% a transgender applicant, and 5% an HIV-positive applicant. Regarding consultative referral to a pediatrician, 3% would discontinue referral to a homosexual pediatrician, 5% to a transgender pediatrician, and 10% to an HIV-positive pediatrician. Regarding discomfort treating patients, 7% reported discomfort treating homosexual patients, 22% transgender patients, and 13% HIV-positive patients. Earlier year of graduation from medical school, male gender, and heterosexual orientation were significant predictors of stigma-associated responses. Compared with the results from surveys in 1982 and 1999, the current results suggest substantively less stigma associated with homosexuality and HIV.ConclusionThere have been substantive declines over a 35-year period in the prevalence of stigmatizing attitudes toward sexual minorities and HIV-positive people among physician respondents in three survey waves of the San Diego County medical community
Recommended from our members
Physician Attitudes Toward Homosexuality and HIV: The PATHH-III Survey.
PurposeThe aims of this study were (1) to evaluate current physician attitudes toward homosexuality and homosexual, transgender, and HIV-positive individuals and (2) to compare current attitudes of those from prior surveys of the same population, the San Diego County medical community.MethodsAn online survey was conducted during November-December 2017 to assess general attitudes toward homosexuality and medically focused items that addressed homosexual orientation, transgender identity, and HIV. Responses were weighted for nonresponse. Predictors of stigma were assessed using generalized linear models. Trends across three surveys of the same population in 1982, 1999, and 2017 using common items were assessed using unweighted responses.ResultsOf 4418 eligible physicians, 491 (11.1%) responded (median age 55 years, 38% female and 8.7% gay or bisexual). Regarding admission to medical school, 1% opposed admitting a homosexual applicant, 2% a transgender applicant, and 5% an HIV-positive applicant. Regarding consultative referral to a pediatrician, 3% would discontinue referral to a homosexual pediatrician, 5% to a transgender pediatrician, and 10% to an HIV-positive pediatrician. Regarding discomfort treating patients, 7% reported discomfort treating homosexual patients, 22% transgender patients, and 13% HIV-positive patients. Earlier year of graduation from medical school, male gender, and heterosexual orientation were significant predictors of stigma-associated responses. Compared with the results from surveys in 1982 and 1999, the current results suggest substantively less stigma associated with homosexuality and HIV.ConclusionThere have been substantive declines over a 35-year period in the prevalence of stigmatizing attitudes toward sexual minorities and HIV-positive people among physician respondents in three survey waves of the San Diego County medical community
Anthropogenic Contaminants Alter Microbial Diversity in Aquatic Ecosystems of the Delaware Watershed
Water quality analysis of Philadelphia County surface waters have indicated that storm events alter the concentrations of pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), antibiotics, heavy metals, and other pollutants, which could impact aquatic organisms' diversity as well as human health. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the microbial communities in these environments and their responses to these pollutants. To address this knowledge gap, culturing and analysis of genomes isolated from surface water samples was carried out at two different time points: one under average conditions (SW1) and another three days after a storm event (SW2). Colorimetric water quality assays were also employed to assess the levels of common pollutants in waterways and observe alterations in the relative concentrations of various chemicals in the Schuylkill River after storm events. Gram staining, and culture analysis of isolated colonies from surface waters in Philadelphia County waterways was performed to understand microbial diversity and the principles of bacterial identification. Genomic DNA was extracted from bacteria concentrated via filtration. PCR amplification of the 16s rRNA gene was performed in preparation for genomic sequencing. Genomic sequencing of samples from various waterways was performed and analyzed using bioinformatics software to identify microorganisms and classify taxa. The results demonstrate that storm events influence the diversity of microorganisms in the Delaware River Watershed. Further analysis of pollutant levels and the metagenomic data will be needed to further elucidate the correlation between specific pollutants and potential pathogens as well as the influence of said pollutants on microbial diversity