Improving critical thinking of students: A great challenge in clinical nursing education.

Introduction: With regards to the importance and role of critical thinking in nursing , especially in clinical setting, achieving this goal(improving critical thinking) is very important. So nursing teachers encounter with the challenge of how asisting their students for promoting the critical thinking skills especially in clinical setting. The aim of this study is investigating the ways of improving critical thinking in students and suggesting implications in this field. Methods: This study is a review article has done by searching the books, Databases such as IranmedexIrandoc-Magiran-SID-Ovid-PubMed,... using key words such as ‘critical thinking “,Students”,”clinical education”and “nursing”. Conclusion: Nurses in goal- directed education need to critical thinking. For improving it, providing especial contexts is necessary. Achieving this goal necessitate knowledge , attitude, ability , preparedness and exercise. After the presence of this elements there is need skill to improving critical thinking. These skills include general critical thinking skills such as using scientific approach ,hypothesizing, problem solving ,decision making and especial critical thinking skills in clinical settings. Results: Improving cognitive and affective domains ,motivating, developing imbalance and situations for interactions and balance between challenge and support , writing assignments such as short summary(approaching methodology , summarizing materials , is the way for critical thinking education)writing short analytical articles, problem solving exercises, using mass media research proposals and simulation are some ways, that in different situations by modifying and changing, can use for improving the students critical thinking

Sleep disorders in patients with congestive heart failure hospitalized in Hajar hospital, Shahrekord, 2003

چکیده: زمینه و هدف:خواب یکی از دوره های بیولوژیک مهم انسان بصورت تکرار شونده و منظم است که با بازسازی قوای جسمی و روانی همراه می باشد. یک سوم از زندگی انسان در خواب می گذرد و محرومیت از آن سبب به خطر افتادن سلامت فرد خواهد شد. خواب افراد همواره تحت تأثیر عوامل خارجی و داخلی همچون سن، جنس، داروها، بیماریها و جراحی قرار می گیرد. لذا این مطالعه با هدف تعیین اختلالات خواب در بیماران مبتلا به نارسائی قلب طراحی و انجام شده است. روش بررسی:این مطالعه از نوع توصیفی – تحلیلی می باشد و جامعه مورد مطالعه کلیه بیماران بستری در بخش قلب بیمارستان هاجر شهرکرد بود که دارای اکو کاردیوگرافی با کسر تخلیه ای کمتر از40 (40 E

Effects of intratracheal suctioning on hemodynamic parameters and arterial oxygen

Background and Aim: Intratracheal suctioning is a standard method of nursing care for intubated patients with the aim of cleaning airway for good oxygenation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intratracheal suctioning on blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial oxygen saturation. Materials and Methods: This was a semi-experimental research in which the patients admitted to intensive care unit of Kashani teaching center of Shahr-e-kord University in 2005. The data were collected by a questionnaire form 35 patient by observation and measurement of blood pressure, heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation. Results: The findings showed that during suctioning, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and heart rate increased and arterial oxygen saturation decreased significantly, when compared with pre-suctioning period. The same occurred when these parameters were compared between pre-suctioning period and 1 minute post-suction, except for arterial oxygen saturation that had not statistically significant decline, 1 minute after suctioning. The parameters under study remained increased (including arterial oxygen saturation that decreased during suctioning) 3 minutes after suctioning, but this increase was not statistically significant when compared with pre-suctioning period. The study showed that parameters in 1 and 3 minutes after suctioning were also significantly different from those of suctioning period. Conclusion: The finding of this research showed that the maximum changes of blood pressure and heart rate (increase) and arterial oxygen saturation (decrease) occurs during suctioning and maximum changes of blood pressure and heart rate (decrease) and arterial oxygen saturation (increase) occurs 3 minutes after suctioning. Therefore, hyper oxygenation, hemodynamic and SpO2 monitoring before, during and after suctioning are recommended

The evaluation of different hospital equipment microbial contamination in medical training center Hajar of Shahrekord

Results: The finding frame 137 cultures were showed that125 microbial culture was positive (91%) and 12 microbial cultures was negative (9%). The among microbial culture the highest bacterial contamination is related to bacillus bacteria (32.1%). The among different hospital wards highest bacterial contamination is related to heart, neonate, internal, intensive care unit 1 and 2 and dialysis is (96%) labor (95.5%)-neonate (90.5%) operation room (80%)-the among different hospital instrument highest microbial contamination for ..

Investigating the degree of self-efficacy perception and role performance of nursery and midwifery college instructors in practical education

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: اگر سلامتی یک جامعه را در گرو خدمات پرستار و ماما بدانیم، شناخت و حل موانع و مشکلات ایفای نقش و خودکارآمدی در آموزش بالینی، می تواند شرایط لازم جهت ایفای نقش بهتر و خودکارآمدتر بودن مربیان را فراهم نماید. از این رو این مطالعه با هدف تعیین احساس خودکارآمدی و ایفای نقش مربیان دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی و ارایه راه‌کارها انجام شده است. روش بررسی: این پژوهش، یک مطالعه توصیفی است که با روش حل مسأله انجام شده است. نظرات کلیه مربیان دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی شهرکرد متمایل به شرکت در پژوهش (29 نفر) با استفاده از ابزارهای بررسی که شامل پرسشنامه ایفای نقش و احساس خودکارآمدی بود مورد بررسی و ارزیابی قرار گرفت. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون آمار توصیفی تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها: در ارتباط با مشکلات مربوط به ایفای نقش، شاخص‌ترین مشکل از دیدگاه این مربیان «فراهم نبودن محیط مناسب برای ایفای نقش مربیان در بالین» با امتیاز 57/127 از 145 بود. در ارتباط با مشکلات مربوط به احساس خودکارآمدی شاخصی که کمترین امتیاز را به خود اختصاص داد و در واقع ضعیف‌ترین احساس خودکارآمدی را در بر داشت، احساس مربوط به «من جهت افزایش اعتماد بنفس خودم، قادر هستم در ارتباط با ایده‌ها و نظریات خودم در صورت لزوم با مسئولین دانشکده در طول ترم تحصیلی بحث علمی نمایم.» بود که با امتیاز 90 از 116 در آخرین رده قرار گرفت. عوامل موثر در ایفای نقش مربیان شامل تاهل، سن، سابقه کار و میزان تحصیلات و عوامل موثر بر خودکارآمدی مربیان شامل سن و نوع استخدام بود. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج حاصل از پژوهش حاضر و دانش، تاهل، سن، سابقه کار و میزان تحصیلات، مهارت و قدرت ایفای نقش یک مربی پرستاری و مامایی را تحت تاثیر قرار داده و توانمندی وی را ارتقاء می بخشد. به هر میزان که این مقوله ها قوی تر باشد، احساس خودکارآمدی مربی پرستاری و مامایی نیز افزایش یافته و تاثیر شگرفی بر کیفیت ایفای نقش وی خواهد گذاشت

Assessment of the protective effect of vitamin E on the quality of spermatogenesis and sperm parameters in rats exposed to lead

Background and aims: Vitamins are a rich source of antioxidants that can neutralize the harmful effects of lead on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of vitamin E on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters in lead-exposed rats. Methods: This is an experimental study on 45 male Wistar that were allocated to 5 groups: distilled water gavage, intraperitoneal distilled water, vitamin E, lead, and lead+ vitamin E. All the rats were exposed to lead for 30 days. Then, the rats were sacrificed and sperm count, motility and morphology of sperm chromatin, and epididymitis and testis weight were investigated. Results: The findings showed significant differences in weight gain, epididymitis weight, sperm death, the highest mobility of sperm among the groups (P>0.05). Vitamin E and control (gavage) rats experienced more weight than other groups. There was a significant difference in the highest mobility of sperm between peritoneal control group and other groups (P0.05). There was a significant difference in sperm death between lead group, and the control groups and vitamin E group (P>0.05) with the least sperm death. Vitamin E group had a significantly lower sperm death than other groups. There was no significant difference in the testis weight, normal morphology, and normal DNA among the groups (P<0.05). Vitamin E had noticeable effects on gaining weight, epididymitis weight, and survived sperm, and a noticeable reducing effect on lead's harmful side effects on the sperm. Conclusions: The results indicate the protective effects of vitamin E on spermatogenesis quality and some sperm parameters in rats exposed to lead

The Relationship Between Spiritual Well-Being and Life Satisfaction in Females With Infertility

Background: Infertility is a multi-aspect problem; it can cause major disturbances with emotional, social and psychological consequences including loss of life satisfaction. Spirituality is considered as an important source for individuals to adapt with stressful life events. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being and life satisfaction in females with infertility. Methods: After explaining the study goals to the subjects and attaining their written consents, the present cross-sectional co-relational study was conducted on 190 females with infertility referred to Isfahan fertility and infertility center, Isfahan, Iran. The subjects were selected through a convenience random sampling method in three months by the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) and spiritual well-being scale (SWBS) through face to face interview in 2013. Data were collected and then analyzed by SPSS ver. 17. Descriptive statistical methods (frequency distribution, mean, variance and standard deviation tables) and analytical statistical methods (Pearson correlation test, Spearman correlation coefficients, one-way ANOVA and T-test) were used. Results: The results of the study indicated a direct relationship between the scores of life satisfaction and religious dimension of spiritual well-being (r = 0.375, P < 0.001), as well as the score of existential dimension of spiritual well-being (r = 0.732, P < 0.001), and the overall score of spiritual well-being (r = 0.643, P < 0.001). The score of existential dimension had a closer relationship with that of life satisfaction, compared to the score of religious dimension and the overall score of spiritual well-being. Conclusions: The present study showed that people with higher spiritual well-being had a higher life satisfaction. Since infertility has numerous social and psychological complications and consequences, which can lead to lower life satisfaction, the medical staff can increase spiritual well-being and life satisfaction in females with infertility problems by taking proper measures and actions

The Experiences of the First Master of Nursing Graduates Regarding the Implementation of the Curriculum and Thesis Status at Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Iran: A Qualitative Study

Background & Objective: The experiences of research and educational service recipients are important for improving the quality these services. Since the views of the first postgraduate nursing students at Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Iran have not been investigated so far, the present study aimed to describe the experiences of these graduates in terms of curriculum implementation and thesis status. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis on 19 nursing graduates, who were selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews (20-40 minutes) until data saturation. Data analysis was performed simultaneous with data collection using the OneNote software. The interview contents were reviewed repeatedly, and open codes were identified and categorized in the form of subthemes. The similar subthemes were organized as the main themes. Results: The findings were classified in seven main themes, including the necessity of the change and improvement of theoretical education, the necessity of the change and improvement of clinical education, research improvement, proper performance of thesis supervisors, the necessity to improve the performance of thesis advisors, proper performance of statistical thesis advisors, and the need to respect the students by the faculty members and educational personnel. Conclusion: Although the graduates provided positive feedback regarding the implementation of educational and research programs, they were also faced with various challenges that require the revision of the educational curriculum by the nursing education board. Furthermore, the meticulous supervision of the university in the process of conducting student research activities is strongly recommended. Keywords: Experiences, Graduates, Nursing Students, Curriculum, Thesis Statu

The effect of progressive muscle relaxation program (PMR) on anxiety of patients undergoing coronary heart angiography

زمینه و هدف: یکی از راه های تشخیص بیماری های قلب کاتتریزاسیون می باشد که اغلب به ایجاد استرس و اضطراب برای بیمار منجر می گردد. آرامسازی پیشرونده عضلانی یکی از مداخلات غیر دارویی موثر برای کاهش اضطراب بیماران، می باشد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر برنامه آرامسازی پیشرونده عضلانی بر میزان اضطراب بیماران تحت آنژیوگرافی عروق کرونر انجام شد. روش بررسی: این پژوهش یک مطالعه نیمه تجربی بصورت قبل و بعد بود. 146 بیمار که جهت آنژیوگرافی عروق کرونر در بیمارستان قلب شهید رجایی تهران بستری بودند، انتخاب و برنامه آموزشی آرامسازی پیشرونده عضلانی (PMR) به صورت لوح فشرده 45 دقیقه ای در اختیار آنان قرار گرفت. اضطراب جامعه پژوهش قبل و بعد از اجرای برنامه از طریق پرسشنامه محقق ساخته سنجیده و داده ها به وسیله آزمون های آماری کای دو و تی زوجی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: بین متغیرهای سن، وضعیت تاهل و تاریخچه تشخیص بیماری با عوامل تنش زا ارتباط معنی داری مشاهده نگردید. بین متغیرهای میزان تحصیلات و وضعیت اشتغال، نحوه پرداخت هزینه ها و سابقه بستری در بیمارستان با عوامل تنش زا ارتباط معنی داری وجود داشت (05/0>P). بین میانگین اضطراب بیماران تحت آنژیوگرافی عروق کرونر قبل و بعد از اجرای برنامه اختلاف معنی داری مشاهده شد (01/0

Study effect of a group-based exercise program on the quality of life in older men and women in 2006-2007

Introduction: The proportion of older adults in the population continues to grow in the developing countries. In addition, persons at or over the age of 60 years have decreased quality of life in geriartrics because of several factors, such as low physical activity and impairment in mobility. This study was performed to assess the effect of group-based exercise program on physical functional independency in order to finally increase the quality of life in older adults. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in old women and men in 2005-2007. In this study, 50 elderly men and women were randomly divided into two groups experimental (25) and control (25).Group-based exercise program was administrated to the individuals of experimental group for 8 weeks (3 time a week) and subsequently using SF-36 questionnaire, the level of quality of life was measured in the two groups at the beginning and the end of the study. The data was analyzed using manvitni , chi-square and nonparametric tests. Results: Using group-based exercise program, increase in mean level of quality of life in different dimensions physical functional, role functional, pain, general health, emotional well-being, social functional , emotional functional and mental health was statistically significant(p0.01). Conclusion: Our study results showed that use of a regular and prolonged exercise program can increase the level of quality of life in older adults in different dimensions