Recuperación de suelos degradados por sobrepastoreo, con diferentes sustratos en el departamento de Putumayo, Colombia

Poor grassland management starts with the loss of plant vigor, leads to the spread of weeds and causes soil compaction, seriouslydeteriorating the physical and chemical properties of the soil. This process is intensified by extensive cattle farming. In order to evaluate the recovery of soils degraded by overgrazing with different substrates -bovine compost, swine compost and green manure- in the department of Putumayo, an unrestricted randomized statistical design was used and the Tukey test was applied for differences between means. The results show that, arithmetically, T4 (bovine pre-composting) and T2 (green manure) treatments are arithmetically better. However, CV = 53.75 and (p<= 0.05) indicate that there were no differences between treatments; this may be due to factors such as forage species, soil fertility, crop management practices and weather during processing. Consequently, precomposts had no reaction for the above reasons and it is concluded that both the application of composts and theimplementation of forages can be effective in improving soil qualities. In any case, variables such as climatic conditions (high temperatures) must be taken into account; these have a negative effect on the germination processes of the fodder species.El mal manejo de praderas inicia con la pérdida del vigor de las plantas, trae propagación de malezas y propicia la compactación del suelo; así, deteriora gravemente las propiedades físicas y químicas del mismo. Ese proceso es intensificado por la ganadería extensiva. Con el objetivo de evaluar la recuperación de suelos degradados por sobrepastoreo con diferentes sustratos –compost bovino, compost porcino y abono verde–en el departamento de Putumayo, se utilizó un diseño estadístico irrestricto al azar y se aplicó el test de Tukey para las diferencias entre medias. Los resultados arrojan que aritméticamente los tratamientos T4 (precompostaje bovino) y T2 (abono verde) son mejores. Sin embargo, el CV = 53,75 y (p<= 0,05) indican que no hubo diferencias entre tratamientos; esto puede deberse a factores como especie forrajera, fertilidad del suelo, prácticas de manejo del cultivo y el clima durante el proceso. Por consiguiente, los precompostajes no tuvieron reacción por las razones anteriormente expuestas y se concluye que tanto la aplicación de compostajes como la implementación de forrajes pueden ser efectivas para mejorar las cualidades de los suelos. En todo caso, hay que tener en cuenta variables como las condiciones climáticas (altas temperaturas); estas tienen efecto negativo en los procesos de germinación de la especie forrajera

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Capitulo 2. Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Tecnología

La diseminación de la Levitación Magnética, a pesar de lo antiguo de su tecnología, ha sido limitada. Debido a sus inconvenientes prácticos de implementación, su uso es bastante restringido, comparado con otras tecnologías (SCMaglev japonés, Transrapid alemán, o productos comerciales para ocio y entretenimiento). Con el boom de las tecnologías limpias y amigables con el medio ambiente y en concordancia con los objetivos del milenio, es pertinente plantearse el objetivo de optimizar el proceso de Levitación Magnética para generar un aprovechamiento de las ventajas de esta tecnología a nivel mecánico, eléctrico, y ambiental.&nbsp; Actualmente la UNAD adelanta un proyecto de investigación cuyo objetivo es generar un modelo físico matemático de levitación magnética para aplicaciones en ingeniería. De este proyecto se ha derivado una primera revisión sistemática de los principios físicos y los modelos vigentes en Levitación Magnética

El Hidrogel acrilato de potasio como sustrato en cultivo de pepino y jitomate

Agriculture is the basis of food,it develops in soil and hydroponics. Hydroponics is explained as crops without soil, in nutritive solutions, in the case of tomato and cucumber it is in substrate. Substrates have increased productivity, with efficient use of water and fertilizers. If agriculture consumes 70% of water and spending 30% is fertilizers, the objective of this work was to use potassium acrylate hydrogel for its ability to reduce the loss of fertilizers, such as reserving water, allowing to maintain tomato production and cucumber. The research was carried out in Querétaro in 2017. Different saturation capacities of the hydrogel were evaluated for its properties, the mixture of substrate and the yield of tomato and cucumber, finding significant differencesLa agricultura es la base de la alimentación, se desarrolla en suelo e hidroponía. La hidroponía se explica cómo cultivos sin suelo, en soluciones nutritivas, para el caso del tomate y del pepino es en sustrato. Los sustratos han incrementado la productividad, con uso eficiente de agua y fertilizantes. Si la agricultura consume 70% de agua y en gasto 30% es fertilizantes, el objetivo de este trabajo fue utilizar hidrogel de acrilato de potasio por su capacidad de disminuir la pérdida de fertilizantes como ser reserva de agua, permitiendo mantener la producción de tomate y pepino. La investigación se realizó en Querétaro en 2017. Se evaluó diferentes capacidades de saturación del hidrogel para sus propiedades, la mezcla de sustrato y el rendimiento de tomate y pepino, encontrando diferencias significativa

Memorias del primer Simposio Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas

Primer simposio nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano

Memorias del primer Simposio Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas

Primer simposio nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano

Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective